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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{AA}}
{{Syphilis}}
{{Syphilis}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Risk factors of syphilis include unprotected sex, IV [[drug abuse]] and occupational risk for health care professionals.
Common risk factors in the development of syphilis include unprotected sexual intercourse, [[intravenous]] [[drug abuse]], men who have sex with men and healthcare occupations.<ref name="pmid2356911">{{cite journal| author=Rolfs RT, Goldberg M, Sharrar RG| title=Risk factors for syphilis: cocaine use and prostitution. | journal=Am J Public Health | year= 1990 | volume= 80 | issue= 7 | pages= 853-7 | pmid=2356911 | doi= | pmc=1404975 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2356911  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17675391">{{cite journal| author=Zhou H, Chen XS, Hong FC, Pan P, Yang F, Cai YM et al.| title=Risk factors for syphilis infection among pregnant women: results of a case-control study in Shenzhen, China. | journal=Sex Transm Infect | year= 2007 | volume= 83 | issue= 6 | pages= 476-80 | pmid=17675391 | doi=10.1136/sti.2007.026187 | pmc=2598725 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17675391  }} </ref><ref>Newell, J., et al. "A population-based study of syphilis and sexually transmitted disease syndromes in north-western Tanzania. 2. Risk factors and health seeking behaviour." Genitourinary medicine 69.6 (1993): 421-426.</ref><ref name="pmid15247352">{{cite journal| author=Hook EW, Peeling RW| title=Syphilis control--a continuing challenge. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 351 | issue= 2 | pages= 122-4 | pmid=15247352 | doi=10.1056/NEJMp048126 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15247352  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16205297">{{cite journal| author=Buchacz K, Greenberg A, Onorato I, Janssen R| title=Syphilis epidemics and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence among men who have sex with men in the United States: implications for HIV prevention. | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 2005 | volume= 32 | issue= 10 Suppl | pages= S73-9 | pmid=16205297 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16205297  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25514173">{{cite journal| author=Solomon MM, Mayer KH| title=Evolution of the syphilis epidemic among men who have sex with men. | journal=Sex Health | year= 2015 | volume= 12 | issue= 2 | pages= 96-102 | pmid=25514173 | doi=10.1071/SH14173 | pmc=4470884 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25514173  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24927712">{{cite journal| author=Hakre S, Arteaga GB, Núñez AE, Arambu N, Aumakhan B, Liu M et al.| title=Prevalence of HIV, syphilis, and other sexually transmitted infections among MSM from three cities in Panama. | journal=J Urban Health | year= 2014 | volume= 91 | issue= 4 | pages= 793-808 | pmid=24927712 | doi=10.1007/s11524-014-9885-4 | pmc=4134449 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24927712  }} </ref>
 
==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
Risk factors include:
Risk factors include:<ref name="pmid2356911">{{cite journal| author=Rolfs RT, Goldberg M, Sharrar RG| title=Risk factors for syphilis: cocaine use and prostitution. | journal=Am J Public Health | year= 1990 | volume= 80 | issue= 7 | pages= 853-7 | pmid=2356911 | doi= | pmc=1404975 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2356911  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17675391">{{cite journal| author=Zhou H, Chen XS, Hong FC, Pan P, Yang F, Cai YM et al.| title=Risk factors for syphilis infection among pregnant women: results of a case-control study in Shenzhen, China. | journal=Sex Transm Infect | year= 2007 | volume= 83 | issue= 6 | pages= 476-80 | pmid=17675391 | doi=10.1136/sti.2007.026187 | pmc=2598725 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17675391  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15247352">{{cite journal| author=Hook EW, Peeling RW| title=Syphilis control--a continuing challenge. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 351 | issue= 2 | pages= 122-4 | pmid=15247352 | doi=10.1056/NEJMp048126 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15247352  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16205297">{{cite journal| author=Buchacz K, Greenberg A, Onorato I, Janssen R| title=Syphilis epidemics and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence among men who have sex with men in the United States: implications for HIV prevention. | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 2005 | volume= 32 | issue= 10 Suppl | pages= S73-9 | pmid=16205297 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16205297  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25514173">{{cite journal| author=Solomon MM, Mayer KH| title=Evolution of the syphilis epidemic among men who have sex with men. | journal=Sex Health | year= 2015 | volume= 12 | issue= 2 | pages= 96-102 | pmid=25514173 | doi=10.1071/SH14173 | pmc=4470884 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25514173  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24927712">{{cite journal| author=Hakre S, Arteaga GB, Núñez AE, Arambu N, Aumakhan B, Liu M et al.| title=Prevalence of HIV, syphilis, and other sexually transmitted infections among MSM from three cities in Panama. | journal=J Urban Health | year= 2014 | volume= 91 | issue= 4 | pages= 793-808 | pmid=24927712 | doi=10.1007/s11524-014-9885-4 | pmc=4134449 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24927712  }} </ref><ref name="newell">Newell, J., et al. "A population-based study of syphilis and sexually transmitted disease syndromes in north-western Tanzania. 2. Risk factors and health seeking behaviour." Genitourinary medicine 69.6 (1993): 421-426.</ref>
*Unprotected sex
*Multiple sexual partners
*Intravenous drug use
*Prostitution
*[[Drug abuse|Illicit drug use]]
*[[Unprotected sex]]
*Men who have sex with men
*Residence in highly prevalent areas
*[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV infection]]
*Presence of other [[STI]]<nowiki/>s
*Previous history of [[STD|STIs]]
*[[Intravenous drug use]]
*Health care professionals who are predisposed to occupational risk
*Health care professionals who are predisposed to occupational risk
*Low socioeconomic status


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Gynecology]]
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[[Category:Infectious disease]]
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[[Category:Urology]]
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Sexually transmitted diseases]]
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Latest revision as of 00:23, 30 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]

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Overview

Common risk factors in the development of syphilis include unprotected sexual intercourse, intravenous drug abuse, men who have sex with men and healthcare occupations.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

Risk Factors

Risk factors include:[1][2][4][5][6][7][8]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rolfs RT, Goldberg M, Sharrar RG (1990). "Risk factors for syphilis: cocaine use and prostitution". Am J Public Health. 80 (7): 853–7. PMC 1404975. PMID 2356911.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zhou H, Chen XS, Hong FC, Pan P, Yang F, Cai YM; et al. (2007). "Risk factors for syphilis infection among pregnant women: results of a case-control study in Shenzhen, China". Sex Transm Infect. 83 (6): 476–80. doi:10.1136/sti.2007.026187. PMC 2598725. PMID 17675391.
  3. ↑ Newell, J., et al. "A population-based study of syphilis and sexually transmitted disease syndromes in north-western Tanzania. 2. Risk factors and health seeking behaviour." Genitourinary medicine 69.6 (1993): 421-426.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hook EW, Peeling RW (2004). "Syphilis control--a continuing challenge". N Engl J Med. 351 (2): 122–4. doi:10.1056/NEJMp048126. PMID 15247352.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Buchacz K, Greenberg A, Onorato I, Janssen R (2005). "Syphilis epidemics and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence among men who have sex with men in the United States: implications for HIV prevention". Sex Transm Dis. 32 (10 Suppl): S73–9. PMID 16205297.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Solomon MM, Mayer KH (2015). "Evolution of the syphilis epidemic among men who have sex with men". Sex Health. 12 (2): 96–102. doi:10.1071/SH14173. PMC 4470884. PMID 25514173.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hakre S, Arteaga GB, Núñez AE, Arambu N, Aumakhan B, Liu M; et al. (2014). "Prevalence of HIV, syphilis, and other sexually transmitted infections among MSM from three cities in Panama". J Urban Health. 91 (4): 793–808. doi:10.1007/s11524-014-9885-4. PMC 4134449. PMID 24927712.
  8. ↑ Newell, J., et al. "A population-based study of syphilis and sexually transmitted disease syndromes in north-western Tanzania. 2. Risk factors and health seeking behaviour." Genitourinary medicine 69.6 (1993): 421-426.


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