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__NOTOC__ | |||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
Line 22: | Line 23: | ||
=====Clinical manifestations===== | =====Clinical manifestations===== | ||
* | * Mental nerve neuropathy | ||
* | * Alcohol intolerance | ||
* dermatitis | * Exfoliative dermatitis | ||
* | * Epitrochlear lymph node enlargement | ||
* | * Inguinal lymph node enlargement | ||
* | * Hepatomegaly | ||
* | * Liver mass | ||
* | * Superior vena cava obstruction | ||
* | * Inferior vena cava obstruction | ||
* | * Femoral lymph node enlargement | ||
* | * Popliteal lymph node enlargement | ||
* Pemberton sign positive | * Pemberton sign positive | ||
* | * Pel-Ebstein fever | ||
* ascites | * Chylous ascites | ||
* | * Axillary lymph node enlargement | ||
* | * Erythema multiforme | ||
* | * Erythema nodosum | ||
* | * Hepatosplenomegaly | ||
* | * Mesenteric lymph node enlargement | ||
* | * Paraplegia | ||
* | * Pruritus | ||
* | * Spinal cord compression | ||
* | * Spleen enlargement | ||
* | * Urinary tract obstruction | ||
* | * Generalized diffuse lymph node enlargement | ||
* | * Airway compression or obstruction | ||
* | * Cryptococcosis | ||
* | * Bone pain | ||
* | * Cervical lymph node enlargement | ||
* fever | * Recurrent fever | ||
* | * Recurrent infection | ||
* lymph node | * Fixed lymph node | ||
* | * Neck mass | ||
* | * Night sweats | ||
* | * Malaise | ||
* | * Supraclavicular lymph node enlargement | ||
* | * Sweating increase | ||
* | * Fever unknown origin | ||
* fever | * Remittent fever | ||
* | * Painless lymphadenopathy | ||
* | * Regional lymph node enlargement | ||
=====Laboratory abnormalities===== | =====Laboratory abnormalities===== | ||
* | * Nucleated red cells | ||
* | * Hypogammaglobulinemia | ||
* | * Pancytopenia | ||
* | * Lymphocytes decreased | ||
* | * Granulomas on biopsy | ||
=====Radiographic features===== | =====Radiographic features===== | ||
* | * Retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement | ||
* abdominal ultrasound | * Biliary tract dilatation on abdominal ultrasound | ||
* | * Bone lesion | ||
* | * Mediastinal mass,adenopathy, or widening on chest xray | ||
* chest xray | * Middle mediastinal mass on chest xray | ||
* | * Mediastinal lymph node enlargement | ||
* Anterior mediastinal mass on chest radiograph | * Anterior mediastinal mass on chest radiograph | ||
* gallium scan | * Increased uptake on abdomen gallium scan | ||
* | * Ivory vertebra | ||
* gallium scan | * Increased uptake on mediastinum gallium scan | ||
---- | ---- | ||
Line 89: | Line 89: | ||
=====Clinical manifestations===== | =====Clinical manifestations===== | ||
* Corneal deposit | |||
* Corneal opacity | |||
* Parotid gland swelling | |||
* Polyneuropathy | |||
* Cranial nerve paralysis | |||
* Airway compression or obstruction | |||
* Retinal granuloma | |||
* Erythema nodosum | |||
* Uveitis | |||
* Ankle pain | |||
* Facial paralysis | |||
* Salivary gland swelling | |||
* Massive splenomegaly | |||
* Cryptococcosis | |||
* Generalized rash, papules (elevated, <0.5cm) | |||
* Iridocyclitis | |||
* Iritis | |||
* Dry cough | |||
* Night sweats | |||
* Spleen enlargement | |||
* Bilateral uveitis | |||
* Generalized diffuse lymph node enlargement | |||
* Polyarthritis | |||
=====Laboratory abnormalities===== | =====Laboratory abnormalities===== | ||
* Hypercalcemia | |||
* Increased lymphocytes in pleural effusion | |||
* Decreased Lymphocytes | |||
* Hypercalciuria | |||
* Mild-moderate elevation of alkaline phosphatase | |||
* PFT's: restrictive defect | |||
* PFT's: diffusion capacity decreased | |||
* Elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme | |||
* Increased vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxy | |||
=====Radiographic features===== | =====Radiographic features===== | ||
* Heart conduction abnormality on electrocardiographic | |||
* Atrioventricular block | |||
* Retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement | |||
* Lung cyst on chest radiography | |||
* Interstitial infiltrate ( incl. reticulonodular )on chest radiography | |||
* Increased mediastinal uptake on gallium scan | |||
* Increased lung uptake on gallium scan | |||
* Mediastinal lymph node enlargement | |||
* Bone marrow granulomas | |||
* Mediastinal mass, adenopathy, or widening on chest radiography | |||
* Granulomas on biopsy | |||
* Hilar lymph node enlargement on chest radiography | |||
---- | |||
{{ddx|Lymphocytic lymphoma}} | |||
- | =====Clinical manifestations===== | ||
* Mental nerve neuropathy | |||
* Exfoliative dermatitis | |||
* Lower extremity paralysis | |||
* Gout | |||
* Esophageal candidiasis | |||
* Abdominal mass | |||
* Biliary tract obstruction | |||
* Breast mass | |||
* Epitrochlear lymph node enlargement | |||
* Erythema multiforme | |||
* Erythema nodosum | |||
* Esophageal obstruction | |||
* Facial edema | |||
* Gastric obstruction | |||
* Thyroid nodule | |||
* Hepatosplenomegaly | |||
* Intestinal obstruction | |||
* Intussusception | |||
* Liver mass | |||
* Mesenteric lymph node enlargement | |||
* Mucous membrane bleeding | |||
* Night sweats | |||
* Paraplegia | |||
* Pruritus | |||
* Anergy | |||
* Spinal cord compression | |||
* Stool clay color | |||
* Stool color yellow | |||
* Superior vena cava obstruction | |||
* Supraclavicular lymph node enlargement | |||
* Testicular mass | |||
* Urinary tract obstruction | |||
* Inferior vena cava obstruction | |||
* Generalized diffuse lymph node enlargement | |||
* Massive splenomegaly | |||
* Femoral lymph node enlargement | |||
* Popliteal lymph node enlargement | |||
* Airway compression or obstruction | |||
* Cryptococcosis | |||
* Recurrent infection | |||
* Fixed lymph node | |||
* Neck mass | |||
* Spleen enlargement | |||
* Fever unknown origin | |||
* Regional lymph node enlargement | |||
* Painless lymphadenopathy | |||
* Cancer | |||
* Lymphoma | |||
* Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | |||
=====Laboratory abnormalities===== | |||
* Extreme hypercalcemia (>14 mg/dl) | |||
* Prolonged bleeding time | |||
* Markedly increased ESR | |||
* Hypogammaglobulinemia | |||
* Pancytopenia | |||
* Lymphocytes decreased | |||
* Pleural effusion (Exudate) | |||
* Bone marrow plasma cells increased | |||
* Lymphocytes increased in pleural effusion | |||
* Pleural effusion (Chylous) | |||
* Malignant ascites | |||
* Cryoglobulinemia | |||
* Vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxy increased | |||
=====Radiographic features===== | |||
* Bladder mass or abnormal shape on IVP | |||
* Bone destruction | |||
* Kidney mass | |||
* Mediastinal lymph node enlargement | |||
* Bone lesion | |||
* Retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement | |||
* Mediastinal mass, adenopathy, or widening on chest radiography | |||
* Anterior mediastinal mass on chest radiography | |||
* Biliary tract dilatation on abdominal ultrasound | |||
* Increased mediastinal uptake on gallium scan | |||
* Increased abdominal uptake on gallium scan | |||
---- | ---- | ||
{{ddx|Miliary tuberculosis}} | |||
=====Clinical manifestations===== | |||
* Prison inmate | |||
* Retinal granuloma | |||
* Erythema nodosum | |||
* Travel history (Haiti) | |||
* Immunosuppressive therapy | |||
* Severe weight loss | |||
* Corticosteroid use | |||
* Pleuritic chest pain | |||
* Progressive dyspnea | |||
* Fever unknown origin | |||
* Retinitis | |||
* Tuberculosis exposure | |||
=====Laboratory abnormalities===== | |||
* Pancytopenia | |||
* | |||
* PPD positive | * PPD positive | ||
* | * Nucleated red cells | ||
* | * Bone marrow granulomas | ||
* AFB smear positive | * AFB smear positive | ||
* | * Granulomas on biopsy | ||
=====Radiographic features===== | |||
* Increased abdominal uptake on gallium scan | |||
* Multiple hypodense liver lesions on abdominal CT | |||
* Multiple non-calcified pulmonary nodules on chest radiography | |||
---- | ---- | ||
{{ddx|Infectious mononucleosis}} | |||
* | =====Clinical manifestations===== | ||
* | * Optic neuritis | ||
* | * Epitrochlear lymph node enlargement | ||
* | * Periorbital edema | ||
* | * Pharyngeal petechia | ||
* | * Spleen enlargement | ||
* | * Spleen palpable | ||
* abdominal tenderness | * Tonsillitis | ||
* | * Left upper quadrant abdominal tenderness | ||
* | * Axillary lymph node enlargement | ||
* | * Inguinal lymph node enlargement | ||
* | * Pesenteric lymph node enlargement | ||
* | * Pharyngeal exudate | ||
* | * Pharyngeal erythema | ||
* | * Spleen tenderness | ||
* | * Tonsillar exudate | ||
* | * Generalized diffuse lymph node enlargement | ||
* | * Cervical lymph node enlargement | ||
* | * Pharyngeal swelling | ||
* Sore throat | |||
=====Laboratory abnormalities===== | |||
* Marked elevationSGPT (ALT) | |||
* | * SGPT (ALT) elevated | ||
* SGPT (ALT) | * Lymphocytes increased | ||
* | * Atypical lymphocytes increased | ||
* | * Heterophile antibody positive | ||
* | * Monocytes increased | ||
* | |||
* Epstein-Barr virus titre positive | * Epstein-Barr virus titre positive | ||
---- | ---- | ||
{{ddx|Thoracic aortic aneurysm}} | |||
=====Clinical manifestations===== | |||
* Cocaine use | |||
* | |||
* Turner syndrome | * Turner syndrome | ||
* Pemberton sign positive | * Pemberton sign positive | ||
* | * Marfan syndrome | ||
* | * Aortic valve regurgitation | ||
* | * Superior vena cava obstruction | ||
* aortic dilation | * Ascending aortic dilation | ||
=====Radiographic features===== | |||
* | * Anterior mediastinal mass on chest radiography | ||
* | * Middle mediastinal mass on chest radiography | ||
* mediastinal | * Posterior mediastinal mass on chest radiography | ||
* | * Aorta prominent or enlarged on chest radiography | ||
---- | ---- | ||
{{ddx|Substernal goiter}} | |||
=====Clinical manifestations===== | |||
* | * Upper extremity edema | ||
* | * Chest mass | ||
* | * Neck mass | ||
* | * Thyroid enlargement | ||
* | * Tracheal compression | ||
* Pemberton sign positive | * Pemberton sign positive | ||
=====Laboratory abnormalities===== | |||
* TSH elevated | * TSH elevated | ||
=====Radiographic features===== | |||
* Mediastinal mass, adenopathy, or widening on chest radiograph | |||
---- | ---- | ||
{{ddx|Thymoma}} | |||
=====Clinical manifestations===== | |||
* Bulbar palsy | |||
* Facial candida infection | |||
* Facial cyanosis | |||
* Jugular venous distention | |||
* Mouth candida infection | |||
* Superior vena cava obstruction | |||
* Diplopia | |||
* Pemberton sign positive | |||
=====Laboratory abnormalities===== | |||
* Pancytopenia | |||
* Antistriational antibodies | |||
* | |||
* | |||
=====Radiographic features===== | |||
* Mediastinal mass, adenopathy, or widening on chest radiograph | |||
* Anterior mediastinal mass on chest radiograph | |||
---- | ---- | ||
{{ddx|Actinomycosis}} | |||
=====Clinical manifestations===== | |||
* Tongue mass | |||
* | * Trismus | ||
* | * Pericardial constriction | ||
* | * Pharyngeal swelling | ||
* | * Pharyngeal tenderness | ||
* | * Abdominal fistula | ||
* | * Bronchial fistula | ||
* | * Empyema | ||
* | * Lung abscess | ||
* | * Right lower quadrant abdominal mass | ||
* abdominal mass | * Chest wall suppuration | ||
* | * Gingival fistula | ||
* | * Chest wall fistula | ||
* | * Gingival swelling | ||
* | * Gingival tenderness | ||
* | * Jaw induration | ||
* | * Mandibular swelling | ||
* | |||
=====Laboratory abnormalities===== | |||
* | * Branching Gram-positive bacilli on Gram stain | ||
* | * Sulfur granule | ||
* | =====Radiographic features===== | ||
* | * Mediastinal mass, adenopathy, or widening on chest radiography | ||
* | * Intracardiac mass on echocardiogram | ||
* Hepatic cyst(s) | |||
---- | ---- | ||
{{ddx|Chronic lymphocytic leukemia}} | |||
=====Clinical manifestations===== | |||
* Skin infiltration | |||
* Sternal tenderness | |||
* Lymph node firmness | |||
=====Laboratory abnormalities===== | |||
* Hemolysis | |||
* Prolonged bleeding time | |||
* | * Monoclonal gammopathy | ||
* | * Cryoglobulinemia | ||
* | * Marked increase of leukocytes | ||
* Clonal B-lymphocytes on flow cytometry | |||
* Lymphocytes increased | |||
* | |||
* | =====Radiographic features===== | ||
* Mediastinal mass, adenopathy, or widening on chest radiography | |||
* | |||
The following findings (if present) would make this disease less likely: | The following findings (if present) would make this disease less likely: | ||
* | * Left shift | ||
* | * Metamyelocytes increased | ||
---- | ---- | ||
{{ddx|Superior vena cava syndrome}} | |||
* | =====Clinical manifestations===== | ||
* | * Stridor | ||
* | * Facial erythema | ||
* | * Forehead vein distention | ||
* | * Lymphoma | ||
* | * Tracheal displacement | ||
* | * Chest vein distention | ||
* | * Facial cyanosis | ||
* | * Collateral circulation increase | ||
* | * Conjunctival edema | ||
* | * Conjunctival vein distention | ||
* | * Upper extremity edema | ||
* | * Upper extremity erythema | ||
* | * Head edema | ||
* | * Jugular venous distention with inspiration | ||
* | * Lung tumor | ||
* | * Extremity cyanosis | ||
* | * Upper extremity vein distention | ||
* | * Facial edema | ||
* | * Neck edema | ||
* | * Jugular venous distention | ||
* | * Lung cancer | ||
* | * Upper extremity cyanosis | ||
* | * Facial vein distention | ||
* Superior vena cava obstruction | |||
=====Radiographic features===== | |||
* Mediastinal lymph node enlargement | |||
* | * Non-calcified pulmonary nodule (< 4 cm) on chest radiography | ||
* | * Mediastinal mass, adenopathy, or widening on chest radiography | ||
* | |||
The following findings (if present) would exclude this disease: | The following findings (if present) would exclude this disease: | ||
* hepatojugular reflux | * hepatojugular reflux | ||
---- | ---- | ||
{{ddx|Unicentric Castleman disease}} | |||
=====Radiographic features===== | |||
* Mediastinal mass, adenopathy, or widening on chest radiography | |||
* | |||
---- | ---- | ||
{{ddx|Adult Still disease}} | |||
=====Clinical manifestations===== | |||
* | * Ankylosis | ||
* | * Hepatosplenomegaly | ||
* weight loss | * Severe weight loss | ||
* fever | * Recurrent fever | ||
* | * Night sweats | ||
* | * Wrist pain | ||
* | * Generalized diffuse lymph node enlargement | ||
* | * Fever unknown origin | ||
* fever | * Remittent fever | ||
* fever | * High grade fever | ||
* | * Polyarticular | ||
* rash | * Evanescent rash | ||
=====Laboratory abnormalities===== | |||
* | * Leukocytes, marked increase | ||
* ESR markedly increased | * ESR markedly increased | ||
* | * Serum ferritin greatly increased | ||
The following findings (if present) would make this disease less likely: | The following findings (if present) would make this disease less likely: | ||
Line 492: | Line 478: | ||
---- | ---- | ||
{{ddx|Small cell lung carcinoma}} | |||
=====Clinical manifestations===== | |||
* | * Acanthosis nigricans | ||
* | * Axillary lymph node enlargement | ||
* | * Axillary lymph node pain | ||
* | * Dysphagia | ||
* | * Esophageal obstruction | ||
* | * Heart tamponade | ||
* | * Pericardial effusion | ||
* rib tenderness | * Lower rib tenderness | ||
* | * Tracheal displacement | ||
* | * Hoarseness | ||
* | * Digital clubbing | ||
* | * Airway compression or obstruction | ||
* Pemberton sign positive | * Pemberton sign positive | ||
* palms | * Velvet palms | ||
* Horner syndrome | * Horner syndrome | ||
* | * Superior vena cava obstruction | ||
* | * Bone pain | ||
* | * Spinal cord compression | ||
* | * Supraclavicular lymph node enlargement | ||
* | * Intracranial metastatic tumor | ||
* | * Acute symmetrical peripheral neuropathy | ||
* | * Hemoptysis | ||
* | * Right supraclavicular lymph node enlargement | ||
* | * Tobacco smoking | ||
=====Laboratory abnormalities===== | |||
* | * Bone destruction | ||
* | * Unilateral diaphragm elevation on chest radiography | ||
* | * Non-calcified pulmonary nodule (< 4 cm) on chest radiography | ||
* | * Mediastinal mass, adenopathy, or widening on chest radiography | ||
* | * Pleural effusion | ||
* | * Pleural effusion (bloody) | ||
* | * Non-calcified pulmonary mass (>= 4 cm)on chest radiography | ||
* | * Hyponatremia | ||
* | * Bone marrow tumor cells | ||
* | * Serum calcitonin increased | ||
* | * Hilar lymph node enlargement on chest radiography | ||
=====Radiographic features===== | |||
* chest | * Normal on chest radiography | ||
* chest CT (contrast enhanced) | * Normal on chest CT (contrast enhanced) | ||
---- | ---- | ||
{{ddx|Malignant histiocytosis}} | |||
=====Clinical manifestations===== | |||
* | * Tendon xanthoma | ||
* | * Xanthoma | ||
* | * Tuberous xanthoma | ||
* | * Planar xanthoma | ||
* | * Palmar planar xanthoma | ||
* | * Hepatosplenomegaly | ||
* | * Spleen enlargement | ||
* | * Panniculitis | ||
* | * Generalized diffuse lymph node enlargement | ||
=====Laboratory abnormalities===== | |||
* ESR markedly increased | * ESR markedly increased | ||
* | * Serum ferritin greatly increased | ||
* ESR mildly or moderately increased | * ESR mildly or moderately increased | ||
* C-reactive protein elevated | * C-reactive protein elevated | ||
==References== | |||
{{reflist|2}} |
Latest revision as of 21:28, 13 August 2015
Differential Diagnosis
DDx
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]- Sarcoidosis
DDx
- Lymphocytic lymphoma
DDx
- Miliary tuberculosis
DDx
- Infectious mononucleosis
DDx
- Thoracic aortic aneurysm
DDx
- Substernal goiter
DDx
- Thymoma
DDx
- Actinomycosis
DDx
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
DDx
- Superior vena cava syndrome
DDx
- Unicentric Castleman disease
DDx
- Adult Still disease
DDx
- Small cell lung carcinoma
DDx
- Malignant histiocytosis
DDx
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2]
Differential Diagnosis | |
---|---|
DDx Alphabetic Order | |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z |
Clinical manifestations
- Mental nerve neuropathy
- Alcohol intolerance
- Exfoliative dermatitis
- Epitrochlear lymph node enlargement
- Inguinal lymph node enlargement
- Hepatomegaly
- Liver mass
- Superior vena cava obstruction
- Inferior vena cava obstruction
- Femoral lymph node enlargement
- Popliteal lymph node enlargement
- Pemberton sign positive
- Pel-Ebstein fever
- Chylous ascites
- Axillary lymph node enlargement
- Erythema multiforme
- Erythema nodosum
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Mesenteric lymph node enlargement
- Paraplegia
- Pruritus
- Spinal cord compression
- Spleen enlargement
- Urinary tract obstruction
- Generalized diffuse lymph node enlargement
- Airway compression or obstruction
- Cryptococcosis
- Bone pain
- Cervical lymph node enlargement
- Recurrent fever
- Recurrent infection
- Fixed lymph node
- Neck mass
- Night sweats
- Malaise
- Supraclavicular lymph node enlargement
- Sweating increase
- Fever unknown origin
- Remittent fever
- Painless lymphadenopathy
- Regional lymph node enlargement
Laboratory abnormalities
- Nucleated red cells
- Hypogammaglobulinemia
- Pancytopenia
- Lymphocytes decreased
- Granulomas on biopsy
Radiographic features
- Retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement
- Biliary tract dilatation on abdominal ultrasound
- Bone lesion
- Mediastinal mass,adenopathy, or widening on chest xray
- Middle mediastinal mass on chest xray
- Mediastinal lymph node enlargement
- Anterior mediastinal mass on chest radiograph
- Increased uptake on abdomen gallium scan
- Ivory vertebra
- Increased uptake on mediastinum gallium scan
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [3] Mahshid Mir, M.D. [4]
Differential Diagnosis | |
---|---|
DDx Alphabetic Order | |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z |
Clinical manifestations
- Corneal deposit
- Corneal opacity
- Parotid gland swelling
- Polyneuropathy
- Cranial nerve paralysis
- Airway compression or obstruction
- Retinal granuloma
- Erythema nodosum
- Uveitis
- Ankle pain
- Facial paralysis
- Salivary gland swelling
- Massive splenomegaly
- Cryptococcosis
- Generalized rash, papules (elevated, <0.5cm)
- Iridocyclitis
- Iritis
- Dry cough
- Night sweats
- Spleen enlargement
- Bilateral uveitis
- Generalized diffuse lymph node enlargement
- Polyarthritis
Laboratory abnormalities
- Hypercalcemia
- Increased lymphocytes in pleural effusion
- Decreased Lymphocytes
- Hypercalciuria
- Mild-moderate elevation of alkaline phosphatase
- PFT's: restrictive defect
- PFT's: diffusion capacity decreased
- Elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme
- Increased vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxy
Radiographic features
- Heart conduction abnormality on electrocardiographic
- Atrioventricular block
- Retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement
- Lung cyst on chest radiography
- Interstitial infiltrate ( incl. reticulonodular )on chest radiography
- Increased mediastinal uptake on gallium scan
- Increased lung uptake on gallium scan
- Mediastinal lymph node enlargement
- Bone marrow granulomas
- Mediastinal mass, adenopathy, or widening on chest radiography
- Granulomas on biopsy
- Hilar lymph node enlargement on chest radiography
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [5] Mahshid Mir, M.D. [6]
Differential Diagnosis | |
---|---|
DDx Alphabetic Order | |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z |
Clinical manifestations
- Mental nerve neuropathy
- Exfoliative dermatitis
- Lower extremity paralysis
- Gout
- Esophageal candidiasis
- Abdominal mass
- Biliary tract obstruction
- Breast mass
- Epitrochlear lymph node enlargement
- Erythema multiforme
- Erythema nodosum
- Esophageal obstruction
- Facial edema
- Gastric obstruction
- Thyroid nodule
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Intestinal obstruction
- Intussusception
- Liver mass
- Mesenteric lymph node enlargement
- Mucous membrane bleeding
- Night sweats
- Paraplegia
- Pruritus
- Anergy
- Spinal cord compression
- Stool clay color
- Stool color yellow
- Superior vena cava obstruction
- Supraclavicular lymph node enlargement
- Testicular mass
- Urinary tract obstruction
- Inferior vena cava obstruction
- Generalized diffuse lymph node enlargement
- Massive splenomegaly
- Femoral lymph node enlargement
- Popliteal lymph node enlargement
- Airway compression or obstruction
- Cryptococcosis
- Recurrent infection
- Fixed lymph node
- Neck mass
- Spleen enlargement
- Fever unknown origin
- Regional lymph node enlargement
- Painless lymphadenopathy
- Cancer
- Lymphoma
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Laboratory abnormalities
- Extreme hypercalcemia (>14 mg/dl)
- Prolonged bleeding time
- Markedly increased ESR
- Hypogammaglobulinemia
- Pancytopenia
- Lymphocytes decreased
- Pleural effusion (Exudate)
- Bone marrow plasma cells increased
- Lymphocytes increased in pleural effusion
- Pleural effusion (Chylous)
- Malignant ascites
- Cryoglobulinemia
- Vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxy increased
Radiographic features
- Bladder mass or abnormal shape on IVP
- Bone destruction
- Kidney mass
- Mediastinal lymph node enlargement
- Bone lesion
- Retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement
- Mediastinal mass, adenopathy, or widening on chest radiography
- Anterior mediastinal mass on chest radiography
- Biliary tract dilatation on abdominal ultrasound
- Increased mediastinal uptake on gallium scan
- Increased abdominal uptake on gallium scan
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [7] Mahshid Mir, M.D. [8]
Differential Diagnosis | |
---|---|
DDx Alphabetic Order | |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z |
Clinical manifestations
- Prison inmate
- Retinal granuloma
- Erythema nodosum
- Travel history (Haiti)
- Immunosuppressive therapy
- Severe weight loss
- Corticosteroid use
- Pleuritic chest pain
- Progressive dyspnea
- Fever unknown origin
- Retinitis
- Tuberculosis exposure
Laboratory abnormalities
- Pancytopenia
- PPD positive
- Nucleated red cells
- Bone marrow granulomas
- AFB smear positive
- Granulomas on biopsy
Radiographic features
- Increased abdominal uptake on gallium scan
- Multiple hypodense liver lesions on abdominal CT
- Multiple non-calcified pulmonary nodules on chest radiography
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [9] Mahshid Mir, M.D. [10]
Differential Diagnosis | |
---|---|
DDx Alphabetic Order | |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z |
Clinical manifestations
- Optic neuritis
- Epitrochlear lymph node enlargement
- Periorbital edema
- Pharyngeal petechia
- Spleen enlargement
- Spleen palpable
- Tonsillitis
- Left upper quadrant abdominal tenderness
- Axillary lymph node enlargement
- Inguinal lymph node enlargement
- Pesenteric lymph node enlargement
- Pharyngeal exudate
- Pharyngeal erythema
- Spleen tenderness
- Tonsillar exudate
- Generalized diffuse lymph node enlargement
- Cervical lymph node enlargement
- Pharyngeal swelling
- Sore throat
Laboratory abnormalities
- Marked elevationSGPT (ALT)
- SGPT (ALT) elevated
- Lymphocytes increased
- Atypical lymphocytes increased
- Heterophile antibody positive
- Monocytes increased
- Epstein-Barr virus titre positive
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [11] Mahshid Mir, M.D. [12]
Differential Diagnosis | |
---|---|
DDx Alphabetic Order | |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z |
Clinical manifestations
- Cocaine use
- Turner syndrome
- Pemberton sign positive
- Marfan syndrome
- Aortic valve regurgitation
- Superior vena cava obstruction
- Ascending aortic dilation
Radiographic features
- Anterior mediastinal mass on chest radiography
- Middle mediastinal mass on chest radiography
- Posterior mediastinal mass on chest radiography
- Aorta prominent or enlarged on chest radiography
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [13] Mahshid Mir, M.D. [14]
Differential Diagnosis | |
---|---|
DDx Alphabetic Order | |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z |
Clinical manifestations
- Upper extremity edema
- Chest mass
- Neck mass
- Thyroid enlargement
- Tracheal compression
- Pemberton sign positive
Laboratory abnormalities
- TSH elevated
Radiographic features
- Mediastinal mass, adenopathy, or widening on chest radiograph
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [15] Mahshid Mir, M.D. [16]
Differential Diagnosis | |
---|---|
DDx Alphabetic Order | |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z |
Clinical manifestations
- Bulbar palsy
- Facial candida infection
- Facial cyanosis
- Jugular venous distention
- Mouth candida infection
- Superior vena cava obstruction
- Diplopia
- Pemberton sign positive
Laboratory abnormalities
- Pancytopenia
- Antistriational antibodies
Radiographic features
- Mediastinal mass, adenopathy, or widening on chest radiograph
- Anterior mediastinal mass on chest radiograph
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [17] Mahshid Mir, M.D. [18]
Differential Diagnosis | |
---|---|
DDx Alphabetic Order | |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z |
Clinical manifestations
- Tongue mass
- Trismus
- Pericardial constriction
- Pharyngeal swelling
- Pharyngeal tenderness
- Abdominal fistula
- Bronchial fistula
- Empyema
- Lung abscess
- Right lower quadrant abdominal mass
- Chest wall suppuration
- Gingival fistula
- Chest wall fistula
- Gingival swelling
- Gingival tenderness
- Jaw induration
- Mandibular swelling
Laboratory abnormalities
- Branching Gram-positive bacilli on Gram stain
- Sulfur granule
Radiographic features
- Mediastinal mass, adenopathy, or widening on chest radiography
- Intracardiac mass on echocardiogram
- Hepatic cyst(s)
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [19] Mahshid Mir, M.D. [20]
Differential Diagnosis | |
---|---|
DDx Alphabetic Order | |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z |
Clinical manifestations
- Skin infiltration
- Sternal tenderness
- Lymph node firmness
Laboratory abnormalities
- Hemolysis
- Prolonged bleeding time
- Monoclonal gammopathy
- Cryoglobulinemia
- Marked increase of leukocytes
- Clonal B-lymphocytes on flow cytometry
- Lymphocytes increased
Radiographic features
- Mediastinal mass, adenopathy, or widening on chest radiography
The following findings (if present) would make this disease less likely:
- Left shift
- Metamyelocytes increased
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [21] Mahshid Mir, M.D. [22]
Differential Diagnosis | |
---|---|
DDx Alphabetic Order | |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z |
Clinical manifestations
- Stridor
- Facial erythema
- Forehead vein distention
- Lymphoma
- Tracheal displacement
- Chest vein distention
- Facial cyanosis
- Collateral circulation increase
- Conjunctival edema
- Conjunctival vein distention
- Upper extremity edema
- Upper extremity erythema
- Head edema
- Jugular venous distention with inspiration
- Lung tumor
- Extremity cyanosis
- Upper extremity vein distention
- Facial edema
- Neck edema
- Jugular venous distention
- Lung cancer
- Upper extremity cyanosis
- Facial vein distention
- Superior vena cava obstruction
Radiographic features
- Mediastinal lymph node enlargement
- Non-calcified pulmonary nodule (< 4 cm) on chest radiography
- Mediastinal mass, adenopathy, or widening on chest radiography
The following findings (if present) would exclude this disease:
- hepatojugular reflux
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [23] Mahshid Mir, M.D. [24]
Differential Diagnosis | |
---|---|
DDx Alphabetic Order | |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z |
Radiographic features
- Mediastinal mass, adenopathy, or widening on chest radiography
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [25] Mahshid Mir, M.D. [26]
Differential Diagnosis | |
---|---|
DDx Alphabetic Order | |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z |
Clinical manifestations
- Ankylosis
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Severe weight loss
- Recurrent fever
- Night sweats
- Wrist pain
- Generalized diffuse lymph node enlargement
- Fever unknown origin
- Remittent fever
- High grade fever
- Polyarticular
- Evanescent rash
Laboratory abnormalities
- Leukocytes, marked increase
- ESR markedly increased
- Serum ferritin greatly increased
The following findings (if present) would make this disease less likely:
- monoarticular
The following findings (if present) would exclude this disease:
- asymptomatic
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [27] Mahshid Mir, M.D. [28]
Differential Diagnosis | |
---|---|
DDx Alphabetic Order | |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z |
Clinical manifestations
- Acanthosis nigricans
- Axillary lymph node enlargement
- Axillary lymph node pain
- Dysphagia
- Esophageal obstruction
- Heart tamponade
- Pericardial effusion
- Lower rib tenderness
- Tracheal displacement
- Hoarseness
- Digital clubbing
- Airway compression or obstruction
- Pemberton sign positive
- Velvet palms
- Horner syndrome
- Superior vena cava obstruction
- Bone pain
- Spinal cord compression
- Supraclavicular lymph node enlargement
- Intracranial metastatic tumor
- Acute symmetrical peripheral neuropathy
- Hemoptysis
- Right supraclavicular lymph node enlargement
- Tobacco smoking
Laboratory abnormalities
- Bone destruction
- Unilateral diaphragm elevation on chest radiography
- Non-calcified pulmonary nodule (< 4 cm) on chest radiography
- Mediastinal mass, adenopathy, or widening on chest radiography
- Pleural effusion
- Pleural effusion (bloody)
- Non-calcified pulmonary mass (>= 4 cm)on chest radiography
- Hyponatremia
- Bone marrow tumor cells
- Serum calcitonin increased
- Hilar lymph node enlargement on chest radiography
Radiographic features
- Normal on chest radiography
- Normal on chest CT (contrast enhanced)
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [29] Mahshid Mir, M.D. [30]
Differential Diagnosis | |
---|---|
DDx Alphabetic Order | |
A | B |
C | D |
E | F |
G | H |
I | J |
K | L |
M | N |
O | P |
Q | R |
S | T |
U | V |
W | X |
Y | Z |
Clinical manifestations
- Tendon xanthoma
- Xanthoma
- Tuberous xanthoma
- Planar xanthoma
- Palmar planar xanthoma
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Spleen enlargement
- Panniculitis
- Generalized diffuse lymph node enlargement
Laboratory abnormalities
- ESR markedly increased
- Serum ferritin greatly increased
- ESR mildly or moderately increased
- C-reactive protein elevated
References
- ↑ Ferri, Fred (2011). Ferri's differential diagnosis: a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Mosby. ISBN 978-0323076999.
- ↑ Siegenthaler, Walter (2007). Differential diagnosis in internal medicine: from symptom to diagnosis. Stuttgart New York: Thieme. ISBN 978-1588905512.
- ↑ Mesko, Dusan (2002). Differential diagnosis by laboratory medicine: a quick reference for physicians. Berlin New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3540430575.
- ↑ Reeder and Felson's gamuts in radiology: comprehensive lists of roentgen differential diagnosis. Place of publication not identified: Springer. 2014. ISBN 978-1475781229.
- ↑ Burgener, Francis (2008). Differential diagnosis in conventional radiology. Stuttgart New York: Thieme. ISBN 978-1588902757.
- ↑ Gattuso, Paolo (2015). Differential diagnosis in surgical pathology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 978-1455770137.
- ↑ "DXplain".