Adrenolipoma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Adrenolipoma}} | {{Adrenolipoma}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{AAM}} | ||
== | ==Overview== | ||
On gross pathology, central congested red to brown lesion, with thin cortical rim is a characteristic finding of adrenolipoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, variable amounts of [[adipocytes]] and [[hematopietic cells]] are characteristic findings of adrenolipoma. | |||
==Pathogenesis== | |||
*Adrenlolipomas are usually less than 4 cm in size occasionally measuring more than 10 cm in size. | |||
*Extra-adrenal sites for myelolipomas include the retroperitoneum, thorax, and pelvis. | |||
*Usually unilateral however they can also involve both adrenals. | |||
*One hypothesis suggests that stimuli, such as necrosis, inflammation, infection, or stress could cause adrenocortical cell metaplasia | |||
*If chronically present these stimulants lead to the development of neoplasms.This hypothesis is supported by the increased incidence of the lesion in the advanced years of life. | |||
*On gross pathologic examination, a cut section of a myelolipoma has a variegated appearance consisting of bright yellow areas of fat, dark red areas of hematopoietic myeloid tissue, and areas with intermixed red and yellow components. | |||
*On histopathologic examination, myelolipomas are predominantly composed of fatty areas with interspersed hematopoietic tissue components. | |||
*These fatty elements and hematopoietic areas may be clearly separated, or they are often intermixed. | |||
*Tissue analysis often reveals a variable amalgamation of myeloid and erythroid cells, megakaryocytes, and occasionally lymphocytes. | |||
*In an isolated adrenal myelolipoma, a peripheral rim of normal adrenal cortical tissue can be commonly identified distinctly from the mass. | |||
*Rarely the myelolipomas can contain osteoid tissue in addition to the myeloid tissue. | |||
*The hemorrhagic areas may be partly replaced by fibrotic tissue or may undergo calcification | |||
==Gross Pathology== | |||
Macroscopic examination demonstrates:<ref name="radiopaedia"> http://radiopaedia.org/articles/adrenal-myelolipoma </ref> | |||
Central congested red to brown lesion, with thin cortical rim. Large lesions may contain [[hemorrhage]] or [[infarction]]. | |||
==Microscopic Pathology== | |||
Histological examination demonstrates:<ref name="radiopaedia"> http://radiopaedia.org/articles/adrenal-myelolipoma </ref> | |||
* Variable amounts of mature [[adipocytes]] (with distended lipid vacuoles) similar to [[bone marrow]] | |||
* Variable amounts of [[hematopoietic cells]] (including cells from [[myeloid]], [[erythroid]] and [[Megakaryocytes|megakaryocytic]] cells lines) | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Endocrine system]] | [[Category:Endocrine system]] | ||
[[Category:Endocrinology]] | [[Category:Endocrinology]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] | ||
[[Category:Oncology]] | |||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Endocrinology]] | |||
[[Category:Surgery]] | |||
Latest revision as of 00:11, 4 October 2019
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Adrenolipoma Microchapters |
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Adrenolipoma pathophysiology On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Adrenolipoma pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [2]
Overview
On gross pathology, central congested red to brown lesion, with thin cortical rim is a characteristic finding of adrenolipoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, variable amounts of adipocytes and hematopietic cells are characteristic findings of adrenolipoma.
Pathogenesis
- Adrenlolipomas are usually less than 4 cm in size occasionally measuring more than 10 cm in size.
- Extra-adrenal sites for myelolipomas include the retroperitoneum, thorax, and pelvis.
- Usually unilateral however they can also involve both adrenals.
- One hypothesis suggests that stimuli, such as necrosis, inflammation, infection, or stress could cause adrenocortical cell metaplasia
- If chronically present these stimulants lead to the development of neoplasms.This hypothesis is supported by the increased incidence of the lesion in the advanced years of life.
- On gross pathologic examination, a cut section of a myelolipoma has a variegated appearance consisting of bright yellow areas of fat, dark red areas of hematopoietic myeloid tissue, and areas with intermixed red and yellow components.
- On histopathologic examination, myelolipomas are predominantly composed of fatty areas with interspersed hematopoietic tissue components.
- These fatty elements and hematopoietic areas may be clearly separated, or they are often intermixed.
- Tissue analysis often reveals a variable amalgamation of myeloid and erythroid cells, megakaryocytes, and occasionally lymphocytes.
- In an isolated adrenal myelolipoma, a peripheral rim of normal adrenal cortical tissue can be commonly identified distinctly from the mass.
- Rarely the myelolipomas can contain osteoid tissue in addition to the myeloid tissue.
- The hemorrhagic areas may be partly replaced by fibrotic tissue or may undergo calcification
Gross Pathology
Macroscopic examination demonstrates:[1]
Central congested red to brown lesion, with thin cortical rim. Large lesions may contain hemorrhage or infarction.
Microscopic Pathology
Histological examination demonstrates:[1]
- Variable amounts of mature adipocytes (with distended lipid vacuoles) similar to bone marrow
- Variable amounts of hematopoietic cells (including cells from myeloid, erythroid and megakaryocytic cells lines)