Glioma classification: Difference between revisions

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{{Glioma}}  
{{Glioma}}  
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}  
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==Overview==
Glioma may be classified into several subtypes based on the type of cell (ependymoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and mixed gliomas), grade (low-grade and high-grade gliomas), and location (infratentorial and supratentorial).<ref name=ddd>Classification of glioma. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glioma</ref>


==Classification==
==Classification==
===By type of cell===
Glioma may be classified into several subtypes based on the type of cell, grade, and location.<ref name=ddd>Classification of glioma. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glioma</ref>
Gliomas are named according to the specific type of cell they most closely resemble. The main types of gliomas are:


===1. Based on the type of cell===
Glioma may be classified according to the type of cell into four subtypes:<ref name=ddd>Classification of glioma. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glioma</ref>
* [[Ependymoma]]s — [[ependymal cell]]s
* [[Ependymoma]]s — [[ependymal cell]]s
* [[Astrocytoma]]s — [[astrocyte]]s
* [[Astrocytoma]]s — [[astrocyte]]s
* [[Oligodendroglioma]]s — [[oligodendrocyte]]s
* [[Oligodendroglioma]]s — [[oligodendrocyte]]s
* Mixed gliomas, such as [[oligoastrocytomas]], contain cells from different types of glia.
* Mixed gliomas ([[oligoastrocytomas]]) — cells from different types of [[glia]]
 
===By grade===
Gliomas are further categorized according to their grade, which is determined by [[pathology|pathologic]] evaluation of the tumor. 
 
* '''Low-grade''' gliomas are well-differentiated (not anaplastic);  these are [[cancer|benign]] and portend a better prognosis for the patient. 
* '''High-grade''' gliomas are undifferentiated or [[anaplastic]];  these are [[cancer|malignant]] and carry a worse prognosis. 
 
Of numerous grading systems in use, the most common is the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) grading system for astrocytoma.  The WHO system assigns a grade from 1 to 4, with 1 being the least aggressive and 4 being the most aggressive.  Various types of astrocytomas are given corresponding WHO grades.


:'''WHO grading system for astrocytomas'''
===2. Based on the grade===
:*WHO Grade 1 &mdash; e.g., [[pilocytic astrocytoma]]  
Glioma may be classified according to the grade into two subtypes:<ref name=ddd>Classification of glioma. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glioma</ref>
:*WHO Grade 2 &mdash; e.g., diffuse or low-grade astrocytoma
*Low-grade gliomas are well-differentiated tumors. These are [[cancer|benign]] tumors.
:*WHO Grade 3 &mdash; e.g., [[anaplastic]] ([[cancer|malignant]]) astrocytoma
*High-grade gliomas are undifferentiated or [[anaplastic]] tumors. These are [[cancer|malignant]] tumors.
:*WHO Grade 4 &mdash; [[glioblastoma multiforme]] (most common glioma in adults)


The prognosis is the worst for grade 4 gliomas, with an average survival time of 12 months. Overall, few patients survive beyond 3 years. [http://www.emedicine.com/NEURO/topic147.htm]
'''WHO grading system for astrocytomas'''
[http://www.cjns.org/25augtoc/long.html]


===By location===
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
The gliomas can also be roughly classified according to their location:
|valign=top|
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Grade}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Type of tumor}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |
WHO grade 1
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*[[Pilocytic astrocytoma]]
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
WHO grade 2
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*[[Astrocytoma|Low-grade astrocytoma]]
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
WHO grade 3
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*[[anaplastic|Anaplastic astrocytoma]]
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
WHO grade 4
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*[[Glioblastoma multiforme]]
|}


* [[infratentorial]] : mostly in children (70%)
===3. Based on the location===
* [[supratentorial]] : mostly in adults (70%)
Glioma may be classified according to the location into two subtypes:<ref name=ddd>Classification of glioma. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glioma</ref>
* [[Infratentorial]]: mostly in children (70%)
* [[Supratentorial]]: mostly in adults (70%)


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 23:37, 26 November 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Sujit Routray, M.D. [3]

Overview

Glioma may be classified into several subtypes based on the type of cell (ependymoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and mixed gliomas), grade (low-grade and high-grade gliomas), and location (infratentorial and supratentorial).[1]

Classification

Glioma may be classified into several subtypes based on the type of cell, grade, and location.[1]

1. Based on the type of cell

Glioma may be classified according to the type of cell into four subtypes:[1]

2. Based on the grade

Glioma may be classified according to the grade into two subtypes:[1]

  • Low-grade gliomas are well-differentiated tumors. These are benign tumors.
  • High-grade gliomas are undifferentiated or anaplastic tumors. These are malignant tumors.

WHO grading system for astrocytomas

Grade Type of tumor

WHO grade 1

WHO grade 2

WHO grade 3

WHO grade 4

3. Based on the location

Glioma may be classified according to the location into two subtypes:[1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Classification of glioma. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glioma


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