Merkel cell cancer risk factors: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 02:28, 31 January 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [2]

Overview

Risk factors for the development of merkel cell cancer include old age, male gender, caucasian race, chronic exposure to sunlight, immunodeficiency, and personal history of cancer.

Risk Factors

Common Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of merkel cell cancer may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.

Common risk factors for the development of merkel cell cancer include:^[1]^[2]^[3]
- Mutations in the DNA due to polyomaviruses
- Chronic exposure to sunlight
- Immunodeficiency or administration of immunosuppressive pharmacologic agents

Less Common Risk Factors

Less common risk factors in the development of merkel cell cancer include:^[4]^[5]^[6]
- Old age > 70 years
- Male gender
- Fair skin
- Personal history of cancers
- Caucasian race

References

↑ Heath M, Jaimes N, Lemos B, Mostaghimi A, Wang LC, Peñas PF; et al. (2008). "Clinical characteristics of Merkel cell carcinoma at diagnosis in 195 patients: the AEIOU features". J Am Acad Dermatol. 58 (3): 375–81. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.11.020. PMC 2335370. PMID 18280333.
↑ Schmerling RA, Casas JG, Cinat G, Ospina F, Kassuga L, Tlahuel J, Mazzuoccolo LD (July 2018). "Burden of Disease, Early Diagnosis, and Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Latin America". J Glob Oncol (4): 1–11. doi:10.1200/JGO.18.00041. PMC 6223512. PMID 30085832. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
↑ Clarke CA, Robbins HA, Tatalovich Z, Lynch CF, Pawlish KS, Finch JL, Hernandez BY, Fraumeni JF, Madeleine MM, Engels EA (February 2015). "Risk of merkel cell carcinoma after solid organ transplantation". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 107 (2). doi:10.1093/jnci/dju382. PMC 4311175. PMID 25575645.
↑ Paulson KG, Park SY, Vandeven NA, Lachance K, Thomas H, Chapuis AG, Harms KL, Thompson JA, Bhatia S, Stang A, Nghiem P (March 2018). "Merkel cell carcinoma: Current US incidence and projected increases based on changing demographics". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 78 (3): 457–463.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.10.028. PMID 29102486.
↑ Albores-Saavedra J, Batich K, Chable-Montero F, Sagy N, Schwartz AM, Henson DE (January 2010). "Merkel cell carcinoma demographics, morphology, and survival based on 3870 cases: a population based study". J. Cutan. Pathol. 37 (1): 20–7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01370.x. PMID 19638070.
↑ Schmerling RA, Casas JG, Cinat G, Ospina F, Kassuga L, Tlahuel J, Mazzuoccolo LD (July 2018). "Burden of Disease, Early Diagnosis, and Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Latin America". J Glob Oncol (4): 1–11. doi:10.1200/JGO.18.00041. PMC 6223512. PMID 30085832. Vancouver style error: initials (help)

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid18280333-1] Heath M, Jaimes N, Lemos B, Mostaghimi A, Wang LC, Peñas PF; et al. (2008). "Clinical characteristics of Merkel cell carcinoma at diagnosis in 195 patients: the AEIOU features". J Am Acad Dermatol. 58 (3): 375–81. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.11.020. PMC 2335370. PMID 18280333.

[pmid300858322-2] Schmerling RA, Casas JG, Cinat G, Ospina F, Kassuga L, Tlahuel J, Mazzuoccolo LD (July 2018). "Burden of Disease, Early Diagnosis, and Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Latin America". J Glob Oncol (4): 1–11. doi:10.1200/JGO.18.00041. PMC 6223512. PMID 30085832. Vancouver style error: initials (help)

[pmid25575645-3] Clarke CA, Robbins HA, Tatalovich Z, Lynch CF, Pawlish KS, Finch JL, Hernandez BY, Fraumeni JF, Madeleine MM, Engels EA (February 2015). "Risk of merkel cell carcinoma after solid organ transplantation". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 107 (2). doi:10.1093/jnci/dju382. PMC 4311175. PMID 25575645.

[pmid29102486-4] Paulson KG, Park SY, Vandeven NA, Lachance K, Thomas H, Chapuis AG, Harms KL, Thompson JA, Bhatia S, Stang A, Nghiem P (March 2018). "Merkel cell carcinoma: Current US incidence and projected increases based on changing demographics". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 78 (3): 457–463.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.10.028. PMID 29102486.

[pmid19638070-5] Albores-Saavedra J, Batich K, Chable-Montero F, Sagy N, Schwartz AM, Henson DE (January 2010). "Merkel cell carcinoma demographics, morphology, and survival based on 3870 cases: a population based study". J. Cutan. Pathol. 37 (1): 20–7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01370.x. PMID 19638070.

[pmid30085832-6] Schmerling RA, Casas JG, Cinat G, Ospina F, Kassuga L, Tlahuel J, Mazzuoccolo LD (July 2018). "Burden of Disease, Early Diagnosis, and Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Latin America". J Glob Oncol (4): 1–11. doi:10.1200/JGO.18.00041. PMC 6223512. PMID 30085832. Vancouver style error: initials (help)

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Merkel cell cancer}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{AAM}}
 ==Overview==
+Risk factors for the development of merkel cell cancer include old age, male gender, caucasian race, chronic exposure to [[sunlight]], [[immunodeficiency]], and personal history of [[cancer]].
 ==Risk Factors==
-* The most potent risk factor in the development of MMC is [[Immune suppression]].
-* According to a recent study in the Lancet, Merkel cell carcinoma occurs 13.4 times more often in people with advanced [[HIV]] as compared to the general population. Solid organ transplant recipients have  similarly increased risk.
+=== Common Risk Factors ===
+* Common risk factors in the development of merkel cell cancer may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
+* Common risk factors for the development of merkel cell cancer include:<ref name="pmid18280333">{{cite journal| author=Heath M, Jaimes N, Lemos B, Mostaghimi A, Wang LC, Peñas PF et al.| title=Clinical characteristics of Merkel cell carcinoma at diagnosis in 195 patients: the AEIOU features. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2008 | volume= 58 | issue= 3 | pages= 375-81 | pmid=18280333 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2007.11.020 | pmc=PMC2335370 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18280333  }} </ref><ref name="pmid300858322">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmerling RA, Casas JG, Cinat G, Ospina FEG, Kassuga LEBP, Tlahuel JLM, Mazzuoccolo LD |title=Burden of Disease, Early Diagnosis, and Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Latin America |journal=J Glob Oncol |volume= |issue=4 |pages=1–11 |date=July 2018 |pmid=30085832 |pmc=6223512 |doi=10.1200/JGO.18.00041 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25575645">{{cite journal |vauthors=Clarke CA, Robbins HA, Tatalovich Z, Lynch CF, Pawlish KS, Finch JL, Hernandez BY, Fraumeni JF, Madeleine MM, Engels EA |title=Risk of merkel cell carcinoma after solid organ transplantation |journal=J. Natl. Cancer Inst. |volume=107 |issue=2 |pages= |date=February 2015 |pmid=25575645 |pmc=4311175 |doi=10.1093/jnci/dju382 |url=}}</ref>
+** [[Mutations]] in the [[DNA]] due to polyomaviruses
+** Chronic exposure to [[sunlight]]
+** [[Immunodeficiency]] or administration of [[Immunosuppressive therapy|immunosuppressive]] pharmacologic agents
+=== Less Common Risk Factors ===
+* Less common risk factors in the development of  merkel cell cancer include:<ref name="pmid29102486">{{cite journal |vauthors=Paulson KG, Park SY, Vandeven NA, Lachance K, Thomas H, Chapuis AG, Harms KL, Thompson JA, Bhatia S, Stang A, Nghiem P |title=Merkel cell carcinoma: Current US incidence and projected increases based on changing demographics |journal=J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. |volume=78 |issue=3 |pages=457–463.e2 |date=March 2018 |pmid=29102486 |doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2017.10.028 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19638070">{{cite journal |vauthors=Albores-Saavedra J, Batich K, Chable-Montero F, Sagy N, Schwartz AM, Henson DE |title=Merkel cell carcinoma demographics, morphology, and survival based on 3870 cases: a population based study |journal=J. Cutan. Pathol. |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=20–7 |date=January 2010 |pmid=19638070 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01370.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid30085832">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmerling RA, Casas JG, Cinat G, Ospina FEG, Kassuga LEBP, Tlahuel JLM, Mazzuoccolo LD |title=Burden of Disease, Early Diagnosis, and Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Latin America |journal=J Glob Oncol |volume= |issue=4 |pages=1–11 |date=July 2018 |pmid=30085832 |pmc=6223512 |doi=10.1200/JGO.18.00041 |url=}}</ref>
+** Old [[age]] > 70 years
+** Male gender
+** Fair skin
+** Personal history of [[cancers]]
+** Caucasian race
-* people treated heavily with methoxsalen (psoralen) and ultraviolet A (PUVA) for psoriasis are at increased risk for MCC. <ref name="cancergov">National Cancer Institute. Physician Data Query Database 2015. http://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdp</ref>
 ==References==
 {{reflist|2}}
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 [[Category:Disease]]
 [[Category:Types of cancer]]
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 {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
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