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==Overview==
==Overview==
Symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia include generalised weakness and [[fatigue (physical)|fatigue]], frequent or unexplained [[fever]] and [[infection]]s, [[weight loss]] and/or loss of appetite, excessive [[bruising]], [[hemorrhage|bleeding]] from wounds, [[nosebleed]]s, [[petechiae]], [[bone pain]], [[joint pain]]s and [[dyspnea]].
[[Symptoms]] of acute lymphoblastic leukemia include generalized weakness and [[fatigue (physical)|fatigue]], frequent or unexplained [[fever]] and [[infection]]s, [[weight loss]] and/or [[loss of appetite]], excessive [[bruising]], [[hemorrhage|bleeding]] from wounds, [[nosebleed]]s, [[petechiae]], [[bone pain]], [[joint pain]]s and [[dyspnea]].
==History==
Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia may have a positive history of:<ref name="pmid18569840">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bakhshi S, Padmanjali KS, Arya LS |title=Infections in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an analysis of 222 febrile neutropenic episodes |journal=Pediatr Hematol Oncol |volume=25 |issue=5 |pages=385–92 |date=June 2008 |pmid=18569840 |doi=10.1080/08880010802106564 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10472550">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sutor AH, Mall V, Thomas KB |title=Bleeding and thrombosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, treated according to the ALL-BFM-90 protocol |journal=Klin Padiatr |volume=211 |issue=4 |pages=201–4 |date=1999 |pmid=10472550 |doi=10.1055/s-2008-1043788 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22543829">{{cite journal |vauthors=Steele M, Narendran A |title=Mechanisms of defective erythropoiesis and anemia in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) |journal=Ann. Hematol. |volume=91 |issue=10 |pages=1513–8 |date=October 2012 |pmid=22543829 |doi=10.1007/s00277-012-1475-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28665419">{{cite journal |vauthors=Terwilliger T, Abdul-Hay M |title=Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a comprehensive review and 2017 update |journal=Blood Cancer J |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=e577 |date=June 2017 |pmid=28665419 |pmc=5520400 |doi=10.1038/bcj.2017.53 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26917658">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shephard EA, Neal RD, Rose PW, Walter FM, Hamilton W |title=Symptoms of adult chronic and acute leukaemia before diagnosis: large primary care case-control studies using electronic records |journal=Br J Gen Pract |volume=66 |issue=644 |pages=e182–8 |date=March 2016 |pmid=26917658 |pmc=4758497 |doi=10.3399/bjgp16X683989 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Infection]]
*[[Bleeding]]
*[[Anemia]]
*[[Easy bruising]]


==Symptoms==
== Symptoms ==
Initial symptoms are not specific to Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but worsen to the point that medical help is sought. Here is a list of the most common symptoms:


* Generalised weakness and [[Fatigue (physical)|fatigue]]
===Common symptoms===
Common [[symptoms]] of acute lymphoblastic leukemia include the following:<ref name="pmid27647842">{{cite journal |vauthors=Clarke RT, Van den Bruel A, Bankhead C, Mitchell CD, Phillips B, Thompson MJ |title=Clinical presentation of childhood leukaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Arch. Dis. Child. |volume=101 |issue=10 |pages=894–901 |date=October 2016 |pmid=27647842 |doi=10.1136/archdischild-2016-311251 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4059858">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vesterby A, Myhre Jensen O |title=Aseptic bone/bone marrow necrosis in leukaemia |journal=Scand J Haematol |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=354–7 |date=September 1985 |pmid=4059858 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18157042">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sinigaglia R, Gigante C, Bisinella G, Varotto S, Zanesco L, Turra S |title=Musculoskeletal manifestations in pediatric acute leukemia |journal=J Pediatr Orthop |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=20–8 |date=2008 |pmid=18157042 |doi=10.1097/BPO.0b13e31815ff350 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19100362">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pui CH |title=Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: introduction |journal=Semin. Hematol. |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=1–2 |date=January 2009 |pmid=19100362 |pmc=2638983 |doi=10.1053/j.seminhematol.2008.09.011 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28665419">{{cite journal |vauthors=Terwilliger T, Abdul-Hay M |title=Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a comprehensive review and 2017 update |journal=Blood Cancer J |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=e577 |date=June 2017 |pmid=28665419 |pmc=5520400 |doi=10.1038/bcj.2017.53 |url=}}</ref>
 
* Generalized weakness and [[Fatigue (physical)|fatigue]]
* [[Anemia]]
* [[Anemia]]
* Frequent or unexplained [[fever]] and [[infection]]s
* Frequent or unexplained [[fever]] and [[infection]]s
* [[Weight loss]] and/or loss of appetite
* [[Weight loss]]
* Excessive [[bruising]] or [[hemorrhage|bleeding]] from wounds, [[nosebleed]]s, [[petechiae]] (red pinpoints on the skin)
* [[Anorexia]]
* [[Bone pain]], [[joint pain]]s (caused by the spread of "blast" cells to the surface of the bone or into the joint from the marrow cavity)
* [[Bleeding|Excessive bleeding from minor wounds]]
* [[Bone pain]]
* [[Dyspnea]]  
* [[Dyspnea]]  
 
* [[Bruising|Excessive bruising]]
The [[symptoms]] of Acute lymphoblastic leukemia result from the lack of normal and healthy blood cells because they are crowded out by malignant and immature [[leukocytes]] (white blood cells). Therefore, people with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia experience symptoms from malfunctioning of their [[erythrocytes]] (red blood cells), leukocytes, and platelets not functioning properly. Laboratory tests which might show abnormalities include [[blood count]] tests, [[renal function]] tests, [[electrolyte]] tests and [[liver enzyme]] tests.
* [[Petechiae]]
===Less common symptoms===
* [[Epistaxis]]<ref name="AboudTreleaven1991">{{cite journal|last1=Aboud|first1=H.|last2=Treleaven|first2=J.|last3=Carter|first3=R.|last4=O'Brien|first4=M.|last5=Powels|first5=R.|title=An adult with common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (C-ALL) presenting with skin infiltration|journal=British Journal of Dermatology|volume=124|issue=1|year=1991|pages=84–85|issn=0007-0963|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb03287.x}}</ref>
*[[Arthralgia]] (caused by the spread of "blast" [[Cell (biology)|cells]] to the surface of the [[bone]] or into the joint from the [[Bone marrow|marrow]] cavity)<ref name="pmid26216831">{{cite journal| author=Brix N, Rosthøj S, Herlin T, Hasle H| title=Arthritis as presenting manifestation of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children. | journal=Arch Dis Child | year= 2015 | volume= 100 | issue= 9 | pages= 821-5 | pmid=26216831 | doi=10.1136/archdischild-2014-307751 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26216831  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Lymphocytic leukemia]]
[[Category:Lymphocytic leukemia]]
[[Category:Leukemia]]
[[Category:Leukemia]]
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[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
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Latest revision as of 23:02, 13 April 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Carlos A Lopez, M.D. [3]

Overview

Symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia include generalized weakness and fatigue, frequent or unexplained fever and infections, weight loss and/or loss of appetite, excessive bruising, bleeding from wounds, nosebleeds, petechiae, bone pain, joint pains and dyspnea.

History

Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia may have a positive history of:[1][2][3][4][5]

Symptoms

Common symptoms

Common symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia include the following:[6][7][8][9][4]

Less common symptoms

References

  1. ↑ Bakhshi S, Padmanjali KS, Arya LS (June 2008). "Infections in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an analysis of 222 febrile neutropenic episodes". Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 25 (5): 385–92. doi:10.1080/08880010802106564. PMID 18569840.
  2. ↑ Sutor AH, Mall V, Thomas KB (1999). "Bleeding and thrombosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, treated according to the ALL-BFM-90 protocol". Klin Padiatr. 211 (4): 201–4. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1043788. PMID 10472550.
  3. ↑ Steele M, Narendran A (October 2012). "Mechanisms of defective erythropoiesis and anemia in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)". Ann. Hematol. 91 (10): 1513–8. doi:10.1007/s00277-012-1475-5. PMID 22543829.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Terwilliger T, Abdul-Hay M (June 2017). "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a comprehensive review and 2017 update". Blood Cancer J. 7 (6): e577. doi:10.1038/bcj.2017.53. PMC 5520400. PMID 28665419.
  5. ↑ Shephard EA, Neal RD, Rose PW, Walter FM, Hamilton W (March 2016). "Symptoms of adult chronic and acute leukaemia before diagnosis: large primary care case-control studies using electronic records". Br J Gen Pract. 66 (644): e182–8. doi:10.3399/bjgp16X683989. PMC 4758497. PMID 26917658.
  6. ↑ Clarke RT, Van den Bruel A, Bankhead C, Mitchell CD, Phillips B, Thompson MJ (October 2016). "Clinical presentation of childhood leukaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Arch. Dis. Child. 101 (10): 894–901. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2016-311251. PMID 27647842.
  7. ↑ Vesterby A, Myhre Jensen O (September 1985). "Aseptic bone/bone marrow necrosis in leukaemia". Scand J Haematol. 35 (3): 354–7. PMID 4059858.
  8. ↑ Sinigaglia R, Gigante C, Bisinella G, Varotto S, Zanesco L, Turra S (2008). "Musculoskeletal manifestations in pediatric acute leukemia". J Pediatr Orthop. 28 (1): 20–8. doi:10.1097/BPO.0b13e31815ff350. PMID 18157042.
  9. ↑ Pui CH (January 2009). "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: introduction". Semin. Hematol. 46 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2008.09.011. PMC 2638983. PMID 19100362.
  10. ↑ Aboud, H.; Treleaven, J.; Carter, R.; O'Brien, M.; Powels, R. (1991). "An adult with common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (C-ALL) presenting with skin infiltration". British Journal of Dermatology. 124 (1): 84–85. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb03287.x. ISSN 0007-0963.
  11. ↑ Brix N, Rosthøj S, Herlin T, Hasle H (2015). "Arthritis as presenting manifestation of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children". Arch Dis Child. 100 (9): 821–5. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2014-307751. PMID 26216831.

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