Acute lymphoblastic leukemia epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
In 2015, the incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was approximately 2 per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate approximately of 20% in the United States. Males are more commonly affected with acute lymphoblastic leukemia than females.
In 2015, the [[incidence]] of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was approximately 2 per 100,000 individuals with a [[case-fatality rate]] of approximately 20% in the United States. Males are more commonly affected with acute lymphoblastic leukemia compared to females.


== Epidemiology and Demographics ==
== Epidemiology and Demographics ==


===Incidence and Mortality 2015===
===Incidence and Mortality 2015===
* In 2015, the incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was estimated to be 2 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name=AML>{{cite web | title = National Cancer Institute| url =http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/adult-aml-treatment-pdq#link/_359_toc}}</ref>
* In 2015, the [[incidence]] of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was estimated to be 2 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name="AML">{{cite web | title = National Cancer Institute| url =http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/adult-aml-treatment-pdq#link/_359_toc}}</ref>
* The case fatality rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is approximately 20% in the United States.
* The [[case fatality rate]] of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is approximately 20% in the United States.


===Prevalence===
===Prevalence===
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===Incidence===
===Incidence===
* The number of annual acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases in the United States is roughly 4000, 3000 of which inflict children.
* The number of annual acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases in the United States is roughly 4000, 3000 of which inflict children.<ref name="Guru MurthyPondaiah2018">{{cite journal|last1=Guru Murthy|first1=Guru Subramanian|last2=Pondaiah|first2=Satish Kumar|last3=Abedin|first3=Sameem|last4=Atallah|first4=Ehab|title=Incidence and survival of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the United States|journal=Leukemia & Lymphoma|year=2018|pages=1–8|issn=1042-8194|doi=10.1080/10428194.2018.1522442}}</ref>
* There is an increased incidence in people with [[Down syndrome|Down's Syndrome]], [[Fanconi's anemia]], [[Bloom's syndrome]], [[ataxia-telangiectasia]], [[X-linked agammaglobulinemia]] and [[severe combined immunodeficiency]].
 
* There is an increased [[incidence]] in people with [[Down syndrome|Down's Syndrome]], [[Fanconi's anemia]], [[Bloom's syndrome]], [[ataxia-telangiectasia]], [[X-linked agammaglobulinemia]] and [[severe combined immunodeficiency]].
* In 2011, the age-adjusted [[incidence]] of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was 1.77 per 100,000 persons in the United States.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
* In 2011, the age-adjusted [[incidence]] of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was 1.77 per 100,000 persons in the United States.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>


===Age===
===Age===
* Acute lymphoblastic leukemia accounts for approximately 80 percent of all childhood [[leukemia]] cases, making it the most common type of childhood cancer.
* Acute lymphoblastic leukemia has been reported at 80 percent of all childhood [[leukemia]] cases, making it the most [[Prevalence|prevalent]] type of childhood [[cancer]].<ref name="pmid19778845">{{cite journal| author=Bhojwani D, Howard SC, Pui CH| title=High-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | journal=Clin Lymphoma Myeloma | year= 2009 | volume= 9 Suppl 3 | issue=  | pages= S222-30 | pmid=19778845 | doi=10.3816/CLM.2009.s.016 | pmc=2814411 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19778845  }} </ref>
* It has a peak incident rate of 2-5 years old, decreasing in incidence with increasing age before increasing again at around 50 years old.
* It has a peak incident rate of 2-5 years old, going down in [[incidence]] with increasing age before going up again at around 50 years old.<ref name="pmid27778348">{{cite journal| author=Barrington-Trimis JL, Cockburn M, Metayer C, Gauderman WJ, Wiemels J, McKean-Cowdin R| title=Trends in childhood leukemia incidence over two decades from 1992 to 2013. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 2017 | volume= 140 | issue= 5 | pages= 1000-1008 | pmid=27778348 | doi=10.1002/ijc.30487 | pmc=5550103 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27778348  }} </ref>
* While the overall age-adjusted [[incidence]] of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the United States between 2007 and 2011 is 1.7 per 100,000, the age-adjusted [[incidence]] of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by age category is:<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
* While the overall age-adjusted [[incidence]] of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the United States between 2007 and 2011 is 1.7 per 100,000, the age-adjusted [[incidence]] of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by age category is:<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
** Under 65 years: 1.7 per 100,000
** Under 65 years: 1.7 per 100,000
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===Gender===
===Gender===
* Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is slightly more common in males than females.
* Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is slightly more common in males than females.<ref name="pmid16369328">{{cite journal| author=Esparza SD, Sakamoto KM| title=Topics in pediatric leukemia--acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | journal=MedGenMed | year= 2005 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 23 | pmid=16369328 | doi= | pmc=1681386 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16369328  }} </ref>
* In the United States, the age-adjusted [[prevalence]] of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by gender in 2011 is:<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
* In the United States, the age-adjusted [[prevalence]] of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by gender in 2011 is:<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
** In males: 19.3 per 100,000
** In males: 19.3 per 100,000
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* Shown below is an image depicting the observed [[incidence]] of lymphocytic leukemia by gender in the United States between 1975 and 2011.  These graphs are adapted from [[SEER]]: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
* Shown below is an image depicting the observed [[incidence]] of lymphocytic leukemia by gender in the United States between 1975 and 2011.  These graphs are adapted from [[SEER]]: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
[[Image:Incidence of lymphocytic leukemia by gender in USA.PNG|Observed [[incidence]] of lymphocytic leukemia by gender in the United States between 1975 and 2011]]


===Race===
===Race===
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{| style="cellpadding=0; cellspacing= 0; width: 600px;"
{| style="cellpadding=0; cellspacing= 0; width: 600px;"
|-
|-
|style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align=center | || style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align=center |'''All Races''' ||style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align=center |'''White''' || style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align=center |'''Black''' || style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align=center |'''Asian/Pacific Islander'''  || style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align=center |'''Hispanic'''  
| style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align="center" | || style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align="center" |'''All Races''' || style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align="center" |'''White''' || style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align="center" |'''Black''' || style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align="center" |'''Asian/Pacific Islander'''  || style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align="center" |'''Hispanic'''  
|-
|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align=center |'''Age-adjusted'''|| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |17.4 per 100,000||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |20 per 100,000||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |7.6 per 100,000||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |13.2 per 100,000||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |20.8 per 100,000
| style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align="center" |'''Age-adjusted'''|| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align="left" |17.4 per 100,000|| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align="left" |20 per 100,000|| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align="left" |7.6 per 100,000|| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align="left" |13.2 per 100,000|| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align="left" |20.8 per 100,000
|}
|}


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[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
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Latest revision as of 15:42, 29 October 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]; Rim Halaby, M.D. [3] Carlos A Lopez, M.D. [4]

Overview

In 2015, the incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was approximately 2 per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate of approximately 20% in the United States. Males are more commonly affected with acute lymphoblastic leukemia compared to females.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence and Mortality 2015

  • In 2015, the incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was estimated to be 2 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.[1]
  • The case fatality rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is approximately 20% in the United States.

Prevalence

  • In the United States, the age-adjusted prevalence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is 17.4 per 100,000 in 2011.[2]

Incidence

  • The number of annual acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases in the United States is roughly 4000, 3000 of which inflict children.[3]

Age

  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia has been reported at 80 percent of all childhood leukemia cases, making it the most prevalent type of childhood cancer.[4]
  • It has a peak incident rate of 2-5 years old, going down in incidence with increasing age before going up again at around 50 years old.[5]
  • While the overall age-adjusted incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the United States between 2007 and 2011 is 1.7 per 100,000, the age-adjusted incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by age category is:[2]
    • Under 65 years: 1.7 per 100,000
    • 65 and over: 1.6 per 100,000

Gender

  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is slightly more common in males than females.[6]
  • In the United States, the age-adjusted prevalence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by gender in 2011 is:[2]
    • In males: 19.3 per 100,000
    • In females: 15.4 per 100,000
  • In the United States, the age-adjusted incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by gender on 2011 is:[2]
    • In males: 1.9 per 100,000 persons
    • In females: 1.63 per 100,000 persons
  • Shown below is an image depicting the observed incidence of lymphocytic leukemia by gender in the United States between 1975 and 2011. These graphs are adapted from SEER: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute.[2]

Race

  • Shown below is a table depicting the age-adjusted prevalence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by race in 2011 in the United States.[2]
All Races White Black Asian/Pacific Islander Hispanic
Age-adjusted 17.4 per 100,000 20 per 100,000 7.6 per 100,000 13.2 per 100,000 20.8 per 100,000

References

  1. ↑ "National Cancer Institute".
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.
  3. ↑ Guru Murthy, Guru Subramanian; Pondaiah, Satish Kumar; Abedin, Sameem; Atallah, Ehab (2018). "Incidence and survival of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the United States". Leukemia & Lymphoma: 1–8. doi:10.1080/10428194.2018.1522442. ISSN 1042-8194.
  4. ↑ Bhojwani D, Howard SC, Pui CH (2009). "High-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 9 Suppl 3: S222–30. doi:10.3816/CLM.2009.s.016. PMC 2814411. PMID 19778845.
  5. ↑ Barrington-Trimis JL, Cockburn M, Metayer C, Gauderman WJ, Wiemels J, McKean-Cowdin R (2017). "Trends in childhood leukemia incidence over two decades from 1992 to 2013". Int J Cancer. 140 (5): 1000–1008. doi:10.1002/ijc.30487. PMC 5550103. PMID 27778348.
  6. ↑ Esparza SD, Sakamoto KM (2005). "Topics in pediatric leukemia--acute lymphoblastic leukemia". MedGenMed. 7 (1): 23. PMC 1681386. PMID 16369328.

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