Carcinoid syndrome CT: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Chest]] [[CT scan]] may be helpful in the [[diagnosis]] of [[Carcinoid tumor|carcinoid tumor.]] On [[High-resolution CT|high-resolution]] [[CT scan]] of the [[chest]], peripheral [[pulmonary]] [[carcinoid tumor]] is characterized by a [[solitary]] and round [[pulmonary nodule]] with a lobulated margin, whereas [[bronchial]] [[carcinoid tumor]] is characterized by a single well-defined, round or ovoid, [[hilar]] or perihilar [[mass]] with marked [[homogenous]] [[Enhancement|enhancement.]] On [[CT scan]] of the [[neck]], [[thymic]] [[carcinoid tumor]] is characterized by a [[mass]] with [[heterogeneous]] [[attenuation]].
==CT==
==CT==
===Peripheral Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumour  HRCT Chest===
===Midgut Carcinoids===
*[[Computed tomography|CT]] is poor in detecting primary [[Carcinoid Tumor|carcinoid tumor]] but helpful in evaluating the [[Extention|extent]] of [[tumour]] [[Spread of the cancer|spread]] before [[Surgeries|surgical]] exploration.<ref name="pmid7619613">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sugimoto E, Lörelius LE, Eriksson B, Oberg K |title=Midgut carcinoid tumours. CT appearance |journal=Acta Radiol |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=367–71 |date=July 1995 |pmid=7619613 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Most common finding is [[liver]] [[metastases]].
*[[Mesenteric]] [[metastases]] and [[retroperitoneal]] [[adenopathy]] can also be detected.
*[[Carcinoid tumor]] that have infiltrated the [[mesentery]] have a characteristic [[Computed tomography|CT]] appearance as a ill-defined [[mesenteric]] [[mass]] containing [[calcification]] in up to 70% of cases.<ref name="pmid3968277">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cockey BM, Fishman EK, Jones B, Siegelman SS |title=Computed tomography of abdominal carcinoid tumor |journal=J Comput Assist Tomogr |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=38–42 |date=1985 |pmid=3968277 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Three-dimensional [[CT angiography]] detects [[mesenteric]] [[mass]] and its relationship to the [[vessels]] which is important for [[surgical]] planning.
 
===Peripheral Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumor High-Resolution CT Chest===
Findings on [[CT scan|high-resolution CT scan]] suggestive of peripheral [[pulmonary]] [[carcinoid tumor]] include:<ref name="pulmonaryCT">Peripheral pulmonary carcinoid tumour. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/peripheral-pulmonary-carcinoid-tumour</ref>
*Discovered as an [[Incidental finding|incidental]] [[solitary]] and round [[pulmonary nodule]]
*Size at diagnosis can vary but ranges between 10-30 mm
*Lobulated margin
 
===Bronchial Carcinoid Tumor High-Resolution CT Chest===
Findings on [[CT scan|high-resolution CT scan]] suggestive of [[Carcinoid tumor|bronchial carcinoid tumor]] include:<ref>Bronchial carcinoid tumour. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/bronchial-carcinoid-tumour</ref><ref name="pmid11896225">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jeung MY, Gasser B, Gangi A, Charneau D, Ducroq X, Kessler R, Quoix E, Roy C |title=Bronchial carcinoid tumors of the thorax: spectrum of radiologic findings |journal=Radiographics |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=351–65 |date=2002 |pmid=11896225 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.22.2.g02mr01351 |url=}}</ref>
*Well-defined single [[hilar]] or perihilar [[mass]]
*Round or ovoid in shape
*Variable in size but typically ranges between 2-5 cm
*Marked [[homogeneous]] [[contrast]] enhancement due to high [[vascularity]]
*[[Calcification]] (usually [[Eccentric Lesion|eccentric]]) can occur
 
===Thymic Carcinoid===
Findings on [[neck]] [[CT scan]] suggestive of [[thymic]] [[carcinoid tumor]] include:<ref name="thymicCT">Thymic carcinoid tumour. Dr Yuranga Weerakkody and Dr Mohammad Taghi Niknejad et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/thymic-carcinoid-tumour</ref>
*[[Mass]] with [[heterogeneous]] [[attenuation]]


*Most are discovered as an incidental rounded solitary pulmonary nodule.
==Gallery==
*The size at diagnosis can vary but usually reported to be range around 10-30mm.
*Many have lobulated margin with an average Hounsfield value on post contrast imaging at around 50.
*Imaging features are often non specific and tissue diagnosis is essential in determining diagnosis.
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:
Image:


Carcinoid-001.jpg
Carcinoid-001.jpg|CT scan Intestinal Carcinoid|<ref name=rad>Image courtesy of Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. [http://www.radiopaedia.org Radiopaedia] (original file [http://radiopaedia.org/articles/carcinoid-tumours-1]). [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC</ref>


Image:
Image:


Carcinoid-002.jpg
Carcinoid-002.jpg|CT scan Intestinal Carcinoid|<ref name=rad>Image courtesy of Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. [http://www.radiopaedia.org Radiopaedia] (original file [http://radiopaedia.org/articles/carcinoid-tumours-1]). [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC</ref>


Image:
Image:


Carcinoid-003.jpg
Carcinoid-003.jpg|CT scan Intestinal Carcinoid|<ref name=rad>Image courtesy of Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. [http://www.radiopaedia.org Radiopaedia] (original file [http://radiopaedia.org/articles/carcinoid-tumours-1]). [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC</ref>
 
Image:
Image:


Carcinoid-004.jpg
Carcinoid-004.jpg|CT scan Intestinal Carcinoid|<ref name=rad>Image courtesy of Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. [http://www.radiopaedia.org Radiopaedia] (original file [http://radiopaedia.org/articles/carcinoid-tumours-1]). [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC</ref>
 
</gallery>
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 19:44, 3 May 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [3]

Overview

Chest CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of carcinoid tumor. On high-resolution CT scan of the chest, peripheral pulmonary carcinoid tumor is characterized by a solitary and round pulmonary nodule with a lobulated margin, whereas bronchial carcinoid tumor is characterized by a single well-defined, round or ovoid, hilar or perihilar mass with marked homogenous enhancement. On CT scan of the neck, thymic carcinoid tumor is characterized by a mass with heterogeneous attenuation.

CT

Midgut Carcinoids

Peripheral Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumor High-Resolution CT Chest

Findings on high-resolution CT scan suggestive of peripheral pulmonary carcinoid tumor include:[3]

Bronchial Carcinoid Tumor High-Resolution CT Chest

Findings on high-resolution CT scan suggestive of bronchial carcinoid tumor include:[4][5]

Thymic Carcinoid

Findings on neck CT scan suggestive of thymic carcinoid tumor include:[6]

Gallery

References

  1. ↑ Sugimoto E, Lörelius LE, Eriksson B, Oberg K (July 1995). "Midgut carcinoid tumours. CT appearance". Acta Radiol. 36 (4): 367–71. PMID 7619613.
  2. ↑ Cockey BM, Fishman EK, Jones B, Siegelman SS (1985). "Computed tomography of abdominal carcinoid tumor". J Comput Assist Tomogr. 9 (1): 38–42. PMID 3968277.
  3. ↑ Peripheral pulmonary carcinoid tumour. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/peripheral-pulmonary-carcinoid-tumour
  4. ↑ Bronchial carcinoid tumour. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/bronchial-carcinoid-tumour
  5. ↑ Jeung MY, Gasser B, Gangi A, Charneau D, Ducroq X, Kessler R, Quoix E, Roy C (2002). "Bronchial carcinoid tumors of the thorax: spectrum of radiologic findings". Radiographics. 22 (2): 351–65. doi:10.1148/radiographics.22.2.g02mr01351. PMID 11896225.
  6. ↑ Thymic carcinoid tumour. Dr Yuranga Weerakkody and Dr Mohammad Taghi Niknejad et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/thymic-carcinoid-tumour
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Image courtesy of Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. Radiopaedia (original file [1]). [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC

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