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__NOTOC__
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{{SI}}
{{Vertigo}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Hilda}}; {{VR}} {{KS}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ZMalik}}  


==Overview==
==Overview==
Life threatening causes of vertigo include [[brainstem stroke]], [[drug overdose]], and [[malignant hypertension]]. Other common causes of vertigo include [[benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]], [[Meniere's disease]], and [[Migraine|vestibular migraine]].
Common causes of vertigo may include [[Ménière’s disease]], [[benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]], [[labyrinthitis]], [[vestibular neuritis]]. Less common causes of vertigo may include [[mood disorder]], [[anxiety]], and [[migraine]]. Life-threatening causes include [[brainstem]] [[ischemia]]/[[hemorrhage]], [[hypertension]] [[crisis]], [[drug]] [[overdose]], [[cyanide]] [[poisoning]].


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Life Threatening Causes===
 
*[[Brainstem stroke]]
*[[Cyanide poisoning]]
*[[Drug overdose]]
*[[Malignant hypertension]]
===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
*[[Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]]
 
*[[Cerebellar stroke syndrome|Cerebellar stroke]]
:*Common causes of vertigo may include:
*[[Meniere's disease]]
:*
*[[Transient ischemic attack|Vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attack]]
 
*[[migraine|Vestibular migraine]]
{| class="wikitable"
*[[Vestibular neuritis]]
|+
===Causes by Organ System===
! colspan="2" |Peripheral Vertigo Causes<ref> name="Karatas2008">{{cite journal|last1=Karatas|first1=Mehmet|title=Central Vertigo and Dizziness|journal=The Neurologist|volume=14|issue=6|year=2008|pages=355–364|issn=1074-7931|doi=10.1097/NRL.0b013e31817533a3}}</ref>
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]], [[coronary heart disease]], [[hypertension]], [[malignant hypertension]], [[Sinus bradycardia ]],[[superior vena cava syndrome]], [[Takayasu arteritis]], [[vasovagal syncope]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
![[Ménière’s disease]]
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Amanita muscaria]], [[arsine]], [[bromide]], [[chloralose]], [[chlorinated naphthalene]], [[chloromethane]], [[Corn Lily poisoning|Corn lily poisoning]], [[cyanide]], [[cycad nut poisoning]], [[ethylbenzene]], [[gasoline]], [[ibotenic acid]], [[multiple chemical sensitivity]], [[nitrogen narcosis]], [[pfiesteria poisoning]], [[phosphine]], [[snakebites]], [[tobacco smoking]], [[xylene]]  
*Increased [[endolymph]] volume in [[semicircular canals]]. Recurrent vertigo, aural fullness, hearing loss and [[tinnitus]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
![[Acoustic neuroma]]
| '''Dermatologic'''
|
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Glomus tumor]], [[Lyme disease]], [[neurofibromatosis]]
*[[tinnitus]], ear pain, [[aural fullness]], [[headache]], facial weakness.
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
![[Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]]
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate]], [[4-HO-MPT]], [[ACE inhibitors]], [[albendazole]], [[ambenonium]], [[amikacin]], [[aminoglycosides]], [[anti-obesity drug]], [[antibiotics]], [[anticonvulsants]], [[antiretroviral drug]], [[atenolol]], [[aztreonam]], [[biperiden]], [[bromocriptine]], [[buspirone]], [[cabergoline]], [[capreomycin sulfate]], [[cidofovir]], [[cortisone]], [[clomifene]], [[clozapine]], [[dapsone]], [[daptomycin]], [[desmopressin]], [[dexamethasone]], [[diflunisal]], [[disulfiram]], [[dolutegravir]], [[dolasetron mesylate]], [[efavirenz]], [[eflornithine]], [[eslicarbazepine acetate]], [[ethacrynic Acid]], [[etravirine]], [[ezogabine]], [[febuxostat]], [[flucytosine]], [[fulvestrant]], [[gamma-hydroxybutyric acid]], [[galantamine hydrobromide]], [[gentamicin]], [[gabapentin Enacarbil|gabapentin enacarbil]], [[histamine agonist]], [[hydroxychloroquine]], [[hydrochlorothiazide]], [[ibotenic acid]], [[Imipenem cilastatin|imipenem-cilastatin]], [[indomethacin]], [[isosorbide mononitrate]], [[isoproterenol (aerosol)]], [[ivermectin]], [[kanamycin]], [[ketorolac]], [[leflunomide]], [[leuprolide]], [[lincomycin hydrochloride]], [[loop diuretic]], [[loprazolam]], [[lorazepam]], [[lormetazepam]], [[malaria prophylaxis]], [[methimazole]], [[methocarbamol]], [[methylprednisolone]], [[minocycline hydrochloride]], [[moclobemide]], [[modafinil]], [[meprobamate]], [[monomethylhydrazine]], [[nabilone]], [[nabumetone]], [[netilmicin]], [[nialamide]], [[nitrazepam]], [[oprelvekin]], [[oxaprozin]], [[oxazepam]], [[papaverine]][[paroxetine]], [[pergolide]], [[prednisone]], [[primidone]], [[pentamidine Isethionate]], [[pergolide]], [[perphenazine]], [[pomalidomide]], [[praziquantel]], [[primidone]], [[rifaximin]], [[riluzole]], [[rizatriptan]], [[ropinirole]], [[sedatives]], [[Sertraline]], [[SSRI discontinuation syndrome]], [[streptomycin]], [[sulindac]], [[sultiame]], [[Sumatriptan]], [[tamsulosin]], [[temazepam]], [[trazodone]], [[tuberculosis treatment]], [[valaciclovir]], [[venlafaxine]], [[vigabatrin]], [[viloxazine]], [[vortioxetine]], [[zimelidine]], [[zonisamide]], [[zolmitriptan]]
*Dislodged [[otoliths]] stimulate vestibular sense organ. Recurrent vertigo, nausea, vomiting, [[torsional]] [[nystagmus]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
![[Acute]] [[labyrinthitis]]
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acoustic neuroma]], [[balance disorder]], [[benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]], [[Benign paroxysmal torticollis|benign paroxysmal torticollis of infancy]],[[catarrh]], [[cholesteatoma]], [[cogan syndrome]], [[cerumen|ear wax]], [[endolymphatic sac tumor]], [[ependymoma]], [[facial nerve paralysis]], [[glomus tumor]], [[herpes zoster oticus]], [[labyrinthitis]], [[labyrinth infarction]], [[concussion|labyrinthine concussion]], [[mastoiditis]], [[Meniere's disease]], [[middle ear infection]], [[nasal congestion]], [[osteoma|osteoma of the external ear canal]], [[otitis externa]][[otitis media]], [[otosclerosis]], [[ototoxicity]], [[Perforated eardrum|perforated tympanic membrane]], [[perilymph fistula]],  [[bilateral vestibulopathy|recurrent vestibulopathy]], [[Superior canal dehiscence syndrome|Semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome]], [[sensorineural hearing loss]], [[superior canal dehiscence syndrome]], [[superior vena cava syndrome]], [[vestibulocochlear dysfunction progressive familial]], [[vestibulocochlear nerve|vestibulocochlear nerve diseases]], [[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]
*[[Inflammation]] of [[labyrinth]]/ [[viral]] or [[bacterial]]. Temporary hearing loss, vertigo, off balance, [[tinnitus]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Microwave auditory effect]], [[noise health effects]], [[sound pressure]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
![[Acute]] [[vestibular neuritis]]
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Visceroptosis]]  
*[[Inflammation]] of [[vestibular]] nerve caused by [[viral]] [[infection]]. Vertigo, hearing intact
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
![[Herpes Zoster Oticus]]
| '''Genetic'''
|
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Episodic ataxia]], [[Fabry's disease]], [[neurofibromatosis]], [[sensorineural hearing loss]], [[vestibulocochlear dysfunction progressive familial]]  
*Ear pain, [[facial palsy]], hearing loss, [[tinnitus]] vertigo herpetic eruptions of the [[auricle]] and/or [[external auditory canal]].
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
![[Cholesteatoma]]
| '''Hematologic'''
|
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Anemia]], [[Osler-Vaquez disease]], [[Polycythemia vera|polycythemia rubra]], [[superior vena cava syndrome]] 
*[[Cyst]]/sac of [[keratin]] debris in middle ear. Fullness/pressure in the ear, vertigo, hearing loss, pain
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
![[Otosclerosis]]
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[SSRI discontinuation syndrome]]
*Abnormal bone growth in the middle ear. Vertigo, [[tinnitus]] and, sensorineural hearing loss
 
|+
! colspan="2" |Central Vertigo Causes<ref name="Kerber2009">{{cite journal|last1=Kerber|first1=Kevin A.|title=Vertigo and Dizziness in the Emergency Department|journal=Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America|volume=27|issue=1|year=2009|pages=39–50|issn=07338627|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2008.09.002}}</ref>
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
![[Brainstem]] [[Stroke]]
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Bacterial infection]], [[common cold]], [[mastoiditis]], [[herpes zoster oticus]], [[influenza]], [[central nervous system infection|intracranial infection]], [[labyrinthitis]], [[lyme disease]], [[otitis externa]], [[otitis media]], [[syphillis]], [[viral infection]]  
*Vertigo, imbalance, double vision, slurred speech, and altered [[consciousness]].
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
![[Vestibular]] [[Migraine]]
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
*Mostly unilateral severe throbbing [[headache]], vertigo lasting minutes to hours, sensitivity to motion/light/smell/noise, [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], imbalance.
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
![[Multiple Sclerosis]]
| '''Neurologic'''
|
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acoustic neuroma]], [[airsickness]], [[arachnoid cyst]], [[Arnold-Chiari malformation]], [[astrocytoma]], [[balance disorder]], [[Barre-Lieou syndrome]], [[basilar artery insufficiency syndrome]], [[Migraine|basilar artery migraine]], [[brain ischemia]], [[brain tumor]], [[brain zaps]], [[Stroke|brainstem infarction]], [[brainstem stroke]], [[Ludwig Bruns|Bruns' syndrome]], [[Intracranial hemorrhage|cerebellar hemorrhage]], [[cerebellar hypoplasia]], [[cerebellar infarction]], [[cerebral aneurysm]], [[cerebral shunt]], [[cerebrovascular accident]], [[chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[colloid cyst]], [[decompression sickness]], [[deep water blackout]], [[encephalitis]], [[ependymoma]], [[episodic ataxia]], [[facial nerve paralysis]], [[head injury]], [[herpes zoster oticus]], [[hydrocephalus]], [[hypertensive encephalopathy]], [[intracranial hemorrhage|inferior cerebellar bleeding]], [[Central nervous system infection|intracranial infection]], [[lateral medullary syndrome]], [[medulloblastoma]], [[meningioma]], [[migraine]], [[motion sickness]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[neurofibromatosis]], [[non-epileptic seizure]], [[oculogyric crisis]], [[opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome]], [[peripheral neuritis]], [[posterior fossa tumors]], [[Ramsay-Hunt syndrome]], [[sea-sickness]], [[sensorineural hearing loss]], [[seizures]], [[skull fractures]], [[spinal cord injury|spinal cord disorders]], [[spinocerebellar ataxia]], [[stroke]], [[subclavian steal syndrome]], [[Susac syndrome]], [[syringobulbia]], [[taravana]], [[Tolosa-Hunt syndrome]], [[transient ischemic attack]], [[vasovagal syncope]], [[vertebral artery dissection]], [[Intracranial dolichoectasias|vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia]], [[vertebrobasilar insufficiency]], [[Transient ischemic attack|vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attack]], [[epilepsy|vertiginous epilepsy]], [[Migraine|vestibular migraine]], [[vestibular neuronitis]], [[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]], [[Wallenberg's Syndrome|Wallenberg's syndrome]], [[Carl Friedrich Otto Westphal|Westphal-leyden ataxia ]]
*Vertigo may accompany other symptoms like vision problem, fatigue, [[numbness]]/[[tingling]], limited mobility, bladder/bowel/speech/swallowing impairment.
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
![[Cerebellopontine angle]] [[tumors]]
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Schindler disease|Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency]], [[Fabry's disease]], [[hypervitaminoses A and D]]  
*[[Meningioma]] or [[schwannoma]] in [[cerebellopontine]] angle can cause vertigo due to pressure on [[vestibular]] [[nerve]].
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
![[Lateral medullary syndrome]]
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Hyperemesis gravidarum]], [[morning sickness]]  
*Results from ischemia in the lateral part of the [[brainstem]]([[medulla oblongata]]). Associated with [[ataxia]], [[nystagmus]], vertigo, [[dysphagia]], [[dysarthria]].
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
![[Chiari malformation]]
| '''Oncologic'''
|
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acoustic neuroma]], [[astrocytoma]], [[brain tumor]], [[ependymoma]], [[glomus tumor]], [[medulloblastoma]], [[meningioma]], [[neurofibromatosis]], [[Osler-Vaquez disease]], [[osteoma|osteoma of the external ear canal]], [[Polycythemia vera|polycythemia rubra]], [[posterior fossa tumors]]
*Extension of [[brainstem]] into [[spinal canal]]. Associated with [[numbness]]/[[tingling]] of hands and feet, [[dysphagia]], vertigo, unsteady [[gait]], hoarseness.
 
|+
! colspan="2" |Other Causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
!Medication induced
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Cogan syndrome]], [[oculogyric crisis]]  
*[[Aminoglycosides]], [[anticonvulsants]]([[phenytoin]]), [[anti-depressants]]([[tricyclic antidepressants]], [[monoamine oxidase]]), [[antihypertensives]], [[diuretics]] ([[furosemide]]), [[barbiturates]], [[cocaine]], [[nitroglycerin]], [[salicylates]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
![[Psychogenic]]
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Alcohol|Alcohol overdose]], [[cinchonism]], [[darvocet overdose]], [[drug overdose]], [[hypervitaminoses A and D]]
*Mood, [[anxiety]], or [[alcohol]] abuse disorders
|-
|}<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Psychiatric'''
===Less Common Causes===
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[panic attack]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Barotrauma]], [[common cold]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Chronic renal failure]], [[Hypomagnesemia|hypomagnesemia primary]], [[metabolic acidosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[food allergy]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome]], [[Susac syndrome]], [[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Syphillis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Head injury]], [[Concussion|labyrinthine concussion]], [[skull fractures]], [[Whiplash (medicine)|whiplash injuries]] 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Hellebore]], [[peppermint oil]], [[Sassafras|sassafras oil]], [[systemic capillary leak syndrome]], [[Tsetse fly]]
|-
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
*[[Mood disorder]]<ref name="BrantbergTrees2009">{{cite journal|last1=Brantberg|first1=Krister|last2=Trees|first2=Natalie|last3=Baloh|first3=Robert W.|title=Migraine-associated vertigo|journal=Acta Oto-Laryngologica|volume=125|issue=3|year=2009|pages=276–279|issn=0001-6489|doi=10.1080/00016480510003165}}</ref><ref name="BalabanJacob2001">{{cite journal|last1=Balaban|first1=Carey D.|last2=Jacob|first2=Rolf G.|title=Background and history of the interface between anxiety and vertigo|journal=Journal of Anxiety Disorders|volume=15|issue=1-2|year=2001|pages=27–51|issn=08876185|doi=10.1016/S0887-6185(00)00041-4}}</ref>
{{columns-list|3|
*[[Anxiety]]
*[[2,4-Dinitrotoluene]]
*[[3-quinuclidinyl benzilate]]
*[[4-HO-MPT]]
*[[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]]
*[[ACE inhibitors]]
*[[Acoustic neuroma]]
*[[Airsickness]]
*[[Alcohol|Alcohol overdose]]
*[[Schindler disease|Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency]]
*[[Amanita muscaria]]
*[[Amikacin]]
*[[Aminoglycosides]]
*[[Anemia]]
*[[Antibiotics]]
*[[Anticonvulsants]]
*[[Anti-obesity drug]]
*[[Antiretroviral drug]]
*[[Arachnoid cyst]]
*[[Arnold-Chiari malformation]]
*[[Arsine]]
*[[Astrocytoma]]
*[[Atenolol]]
*[[Aztreonam]]
*[[Bacterial infection]]
*[[Balance disorder]]
*[[Barotrauma]]
*[[Barre-Lieou syndrome ]]
*[[Basilar artery insufficiency syndrome]]
*[[Migraine|Basilar artery migraine]]
*[[Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]]
*[[Benign paroxysmal torticollis|Benign paroxysmal torticollis of infancy ]]
*[[Biperiden]]
*[[Brain ischemia ]]
*[[Brain tumor]]
*[[Brain zaps]]
*[[Stroke|Brainstem infarction]]
*[[Brainstem stroke]]
*[[Bromide]]
*[[Ludwig Bruns|Bruns' syndrome]]
*[[Buspirone]]
*[[Cabergoline]]
*[[Capreomycin]]
*[[Catarrh]]
*[[Intracranial hemorrhage|Cerebellar hemorrhage]]
*[[Cerebellar hypoplasia]]
*[[Cerebellar stroke syndrome|Cerebellar stroke]]
*[[Cerebral aneurysm]]
*[[Cerebral shunt]]
*[[Cerebrovascular accident]]
*[[Chloralose]]
*[[Chlorinated naphthalene]]
*[[Chloromethane]]
*[[Cholesteatoma]]
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
*[[Chronic renal failure]]
*[[Cidofovir]]
*[[Cinchonism]]
*[[Cogan syndrome]]
*[[Colloid cyst]]
*[[Common cold]]
*[[Corn Lily poisoning|Corn lily poisoning]]
*[[Coronary heart disease]]
*[[Cyanide poisoning]]
*[[Cycad nut poisoning]]
*[[Daptomycin]]
*[[Darvocet overdose]]
*[[Decompression sickness]]
*[[Deep water blackout]]
*[[Desmopressin]]
*[[Dexamethasone]]
*[[Dolutegravir]]
*[[Drug overdose]]
*[[Cerumen|Ear wax]]
*[[Efavirenz]]
*[[Eflornithine]]
*[[Encephalitis]]
*[[Endolymphatic sac tumor]]
*[[Ependymoma]]
*[[Episodic ataxia]]
*[[Ethylbenzene]]
*[[Fabry's disease]]
*[[Facial nerve paralysis]]
*[[Flucytosine]]
*[[Seizure|Focal seizure]]
*[[Food allergy]]
*[[Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid]]
*[[Gasoline]]
*[[Gentamicin]]
*[[Glomus tumor]]
*[[Head injury]]
*[[Hellebore]]
*[[Herpes zoster oticus]]
*[[Histamine agonist]]
*[[Hydrocephalus]]
*[[Hyperemesis gravidarum]]
*[[Hypertension]]
*[[Hypertensive encephalopathy]]
*[[Hypervitaminoses A and D]]
*[[Hypomagnesemia|Hypomagnesemia primary]]
*[[Ibotenic acid]]
*[[Intracranial hemorrhage|Inferior cerebellar bleeding]]
*[[Influenza]]
*[[Central nervous system infection|Intracranial infection]]
*[[Isosorbide mononitrate]]
*[[Kanamycin]]
*[[Ketorolac]]
*[[Labyrinthitis]]
*[[Labyrinth infarction]]
*[[Concussion|Labyrinthine concussion]]
*[[Lateral medullary syndrome]]
*[[Loop diuretic]]
*[[Loprazolam]]
*[[Lormetazepam]]
*[[Lyme disease]]
*[[Malaria prophylaxis]]
*[[Malignant hypertension]]
*[[Mastoiditis]]
*[[Medulloblastoma]]
*[[Meniere's disease]]
*[[Meningioma]]
*[[Metabolic acidosis]]
*[[Microwave auditory effect]]
*[[Middle ear infection]]
*[[Migraine]]
*[[Migraine]]
*[[Minocycline]]
*
*[[Moclobemide]]
*[[Modafinil]]
*[[Monomethylhydrazine]]
*[[Morning sickness]]
*[[Motion sickness]]
*[[Multiple chemical sensitivity]]
*[[Multiple sclerosis]]
*[[Nabilone]]
*[[Nasal congestion]]
*[[Neoplasms]]
*[[Netilmicin]]
*[[Neurofibromatosis]]
*[[Neurosyphilis]]
*[[Nialamide]]
*[[Nitrazepam]]
*[[Nitrogen narcosis]]
*[[Noise health effects]]
*[[Non-epileptic seizure]]
*[[Oculogyric crisis]]
*[[Oprelvekin]]
*[[Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome]]
*[[Osteoma|Osteoma of the external ear canal]]
*[[Otitis externa]]
*[[Otitis media]]
*[[Otosclerosis]]
*[[Oxaprozin]]
*[[Panic attack]]
*[[Papaverine]]
*[[Paroxetine]]
*[[Partial seizure ]]
*[[Peppermint oil]]
*[[Perforated eardrum|Perforated tympanic membrane]]
*[[Pergolide]]
*[[Perilymph fistula ]]
*[[Peripheral neuritis]]
*[[Perphenazine]]
*[[Pfiesteria poisoning ]]
*[[Phosphine]]
*[[Polycythemia vera]]
*[[Posterior fossa tumors]]
*[[Praziquantel]]
*[[Prednisone]]
*[[Primidone]]
*[[Ramsay-Hunt syndrome]]
*[[Bilateral vestibulopathy|Recurrent vestibulopathy]]
*[[Rifampicin]]
*[[Sassafras|Sassafras oil]]
*[[Sea-sickness]]
*[[Sedatives]]
*[[Seizures]]
*[[Superior canal dehiscence syndrome|Semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome]]
*[[Sensorineural hearing loss]]
*[[Simple partial seizure]]
*[[Sinus bradycardia ]]
*[[Skull fractures]]
*[[Snakebites]]
*[[Sound pressure]]
*[[Spinal cord injury|Spinal cord disorders]]
*[[Spinocerebellar ataxia]]
*[[SSRI discontinuation syndrome]]
*[[Streptomycin]]
*[[Stroke]]
*[[Sultiame]]
*[[Sumatriptan]]
*[[Superior canal dehiscence syndrome]]
*[[Superior vena cava syndrome]]
*[[Susac syndrome]]
*[[Syphillis]]
*[[Syringobulbia]]
*[[Systemic capillary leak syndrome ]]
*[[Takayasu arteritis]]
*[[Taravana]]
*[[Temazepam]]
*[[Tobacco smoking]]
*[[Tolosa-Hunt syndrome]]
*[[Transient ischemic attack]]
*[[Trazodone]]
*[[Tsetse fly]]
*[[Tuberculosis treatment]]
*[[Valaciclovir]]
*[[Vasovagal syncope]]
*[[Venlafaxine]]
*[[Vertebral artery dissection]]
*[[Intracranial dolichoectasias|Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia]]
*[[Vertebrobasilar insufficiency]]
*[[Transient ischemic attack|Vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attack]]
*[[Epilepsy|Vertiginous epilepsy]]
*[[migraine|Vestibular migraine]]
*[[Vestibular neuronitis]]
*[[Vestibulocochlear dysfunction progressive familial]]
*[[Vestibulocochlear nerve|Vestibulocochlear nerve diseases]]
*[[Vigabatrin]]
*[[Viloxazine]]
*[[Viral infection]]
*[[Visceroptosis]]
*[[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]
*[[Wallenberg's Syndrome|Wallenberg's syndrome]]
*[[Carl Friedrich Otto Westphal|Westphal-leyden ataxia ]]
*[[Whiplash (medicine)|Whiplash injuries]]
*[[Xylene]]
*[[Zimelidine]]
*[[Zolmitriptan]]
}}


<br />
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]]
[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 20:02, 20 January 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Common causes of vertigo may include Ménière’s disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, labyrinthitis, vestibular neuritis. Less common causes of vertigo may include mood disorder, anxiety, and migraine. Life-threatening causes include brainstem ischemia/hemorrhage, hypertension crisis, drug overdose, cyanide poisoning.

Causes

Common Causes

  • Common causes of vertigo may include:
Peripheral Vertigo Causes[1]
Ménière’s disease
Acoustic neuroma
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Acute labyrinthitis
Acute vestibular neuritis
Herpes Zoster Oticus
Cholesteatoma
  • Cyst/sac of keratin debris in middle ear. Fullness/pressure in the ear, vertigo, hearing loss, pain
Otosclerosis
  • Abnormal bone growth in the middle ear. Vertigo, tinnitus and, sensorineural hearing loss
Central Vertigo Causes[2]
Brainstem Stroke
  • Vertigo, imbalance, double vision, slurred speech, and altered consciousness.
Vestibular Migraine
  • Mostly unilateral severe throbbing headache, vertigo lasting minutes to hours, sensitivity to motion/light/smell/noise, nausea, vomiting, imbalance.
Multiple Sclerosis
  • Vertigo may accompany other symptoms like vision problem, fatigue, numbness/tingling, limited mobility, bladder/bowel/speech/swallowing impairment.
Cerebellopontine angle tumors
Lateral medullary syndrome
Chiari malformation
Other Causes
Medication induced
Psychogenic


Less Common Causes


References

  1. ↑ name="Karatas2008">Karatas, Mehmet (2008). "Central Vertigo and Dizziness". The Neurologist. 14 (6): 355–364. doi:10.1097/NRL.0b013e31817533a3. ISSN 1074-7931.
  2. ↑ Kerber, Kevin A. (2009). "Vertigo and Dizziness in the Emergency Department". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 27 (1): 39–50. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2008.09.002. ISSN 0733-8627.
  3. ↑ Brantberg, Krister; Trees, Natalie; Baloh, Robert W. (2009). "Migraine-associated vertigo". Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 125 (3): 276–279. doi:10.1080/00016480510003165. ISSN 0001-6489.
  4. ↑ Balaban, Carey D.; Jacob, Rolf G. (2001). "Background and history of the interface between anxiety and vertigo". Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 15 (1–2): 27–51. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(00)00041-4. ISSN 0887-6185.

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