Non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk factors: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 20:37, 21 January 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Preeti Singh, M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

The known risk factors in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are weakened immune system, autoimmune disorders, certain infections, and previous cancer treatment. Other possible risk factors include positive family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, exposure to pesticides, exposure to trichloroethylene, diet, obesity, hair dyes, and occupational exposures.

Risk Factors

The known risk factors in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

**Risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma**
Known risk factors	Factors that Decrease risk
Age (above 60 years)	Alcohol consumption
Ethnicity (Caucasians more than African and Asian Americans)	Atopic disease
Positive family history of first degree relative with non-Hodgkin lymphoma	Hormone therapy use after ≥ 50 years of age
Weakened immune system ( genetic diseases like ataxia telangiectasia or infection like HIV)	High sun exposure
B-cell activating autoimmune disorders
Radiation exposure
Infections ( HIV, Hep C, HTLV-1, EBV, HHV-8, Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydophila psittaci, Campylobacter jejuni),
Previous cancer treatment
Exposure to chemicals and drugs (pesticides, methotrexate,tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, trichloroethylene)
Cigarette smoking for ≥ 40 years
BMI ≥30 kg/m2
Occupational exposures (hairdresser, farmer)
Diet
Hair dyes
Breast implants

References

↑ Kane EV, Bernstein L, Bracci PM, Cerhan JR, Costas L, Dal Maso L, Holly EA, La Vecchia C, Matsuo K, Sanjose S, Spinelli JJ, Wang SS, Zhang Y, Zheng T, Roman E, Kricker A (February 2013). "Postmenopausal hormone therapy and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a pooled analysis of InterLymph case-control studies". Ann. Oncol. 24 (2): 433–41. doi:10.1093/annonc/mds340. PMC 3551484. PMID 22967995.
↑ Skibola CF, Slager SL, Berndt SI, Lightfoot T, Sampson JN, Morton LM, Weisenburger DD (August 2014). "Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs. 2014 (48): 125–9. doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu009. PMC 4155464. PMID 25174033.
↑ Bracci PM, Benavente Y, Turner JJ, Paltiel O, Slager SL, Vajdic CM, Norman AD, Cerhan JR, Chiu BC, Becker N, Cocco P, Dogan A, Nieters A, Holly EA, Kane EV, Smedby KE, Maynadié M, Spinelli JJ, Roman E, Glimelius B, Wang SS, Sampson JN, Morton LM, de Sanjosé S (August 2014). "Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for marginal zone lymphoma: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs. 2014 (48): 52–65. doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu011. PMC 4207869. PMID 25174026.
↑ Morton LM, Slager SL, Cerhan JR, Wang SS, Vajdic CM, Skibola CF, Bracci PM, de Sanjosé S, Smedby KE, Chiu BC, Zhang Y, Mbulaiteye SM, Monnereau A, Turner JJ, Clavel J, Adami HO, Chang ET, Glimelius B, Hjalgrim H, Melbye M, Crosignani P, di Lollo S, Miligi L, Nanni O, Ramazzotti V, Rodella S, Costantini AS, Stagnaro E, Tumino R, Vindigni C, Vineis P, Becker N, Benavente Y, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Cocco P, Foretova L, Maynadié M, Nieters A, Staines A, Colt JS, Cozen W, Davis S, de Roos AJ, Hartge P, Rothman N, Severson RK, Holly EA, Call TG, Feldman AL, Habermann TM, Liebow M, Blair A, Cantor KP, Kane EV, Lightfoot T, Roman E, Smith A, Brooks-Wilson A, Connors JM, Gascoyne RD, Spinelli JJ, Armstrong BK, Kricker A, Holford TR, Lan Q, Zheng T, Orsi L, Dal Maso L, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Serraino D, Bernstein L, Levine A, Friedberg JW, Kelly JL, Berndt SI, Birmann BM, Clarke CA, Flowers CR, Foran JM, Kadin ME, Paltiel O, Weisenburger DD, Linet MS, Sampson JN (August 2014). "Etiologic heterogeneity among non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs. 2014 (48): 130–44. doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu013. PMC 4155467. PMID 25174034.
↑ Cerhan JR, Kricker A, Paltiel O, Flowers CR, Wang SS, Monnereau A, Blair A, Dal Maso L, Kane EV, Nieters A, Foran JM, Miligi L, Clavel J, Bernstein L, Rothman N, Slager SL, Sampson JN, Morton LM, Skibola CF (August 2014). "Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs. 2014 (48): 15–25. doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu010. PMC 4155465. PMID 25174023.
↑ Chihara D, Nastoupil LJ, Williams JN, Lee P, Koff JL, Flowers CR (May 2015). "New insights into the epidemiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and implications for therapy". Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 15 (5): 531–44. doi:10.1586/14737140.2015.1023712. PMC 4698971. PMID 25864967.

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Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid22967995-1] Kane EV, Bernstein L, Bracci PM, Cerhan JR, Costas L, Dal Maso L, Holly EA, La Vecchia C, Matsuo K, Sanjose S, Spinelli JJ, Wang SS, Zhang Y, Zheng T, Roman E, Kricker A (February 2013). "Postmenopausal hormone therapy and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a pooled analysis of InterLymph case-control studies". Ann. Oncol. 24 (2): 433–41. doi:10.1093/annonc/mds340. PMC 3551484. PMID 22967995.

[pmid25174033-2] Skibola CF, Slager SL, Berndt SI, Lightfoot T, Sampson JN, Morton LM, Weisenburger DD (August 2014). "Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs. 2014 (48): 125–9. doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu009. PMC 4155464. PMID 25174033.

[pmid25174026-3] Bracci PM, Benavente Y, Turner JJ, Paltiel O, Slager SL, Vajdic CM, Norman AD, Cerhan JR, Chiu BC, Becker N, Cocco P, Dogan A, Nieters A, Holly EA, Kane EV, Smedby KE, Maynadié M, Spinelli JJ, Roman E, Glimelius B, Wang SS, Sampson JN, Morton LM, de Sanjosé S (August 2014). "Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for marginal zone lymphoma: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs. 2014 (48): 52–65. doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu011. PMC 4207869. PMID 25174026.

[pmid25174034-4] Morton LM, Slager SL, Cerhan JR, Wang SS, Vajdic CM, Skibola CF, Bracci PM, de Sanjosé S, Smedby KE, Chiu BC, Zhang Y, Mbulaiteye SM, Monnereau A, Turner JJ, Clavel J, Adami HO, Chang ET, Glimelius B, Hjalgrim H, Melbye M, Crosignani P, di Lollo S, Miligi L, Nanni O, Ramazzotti V, Rodella S, Costantini AS, Stagnaro E, Tumino R, Vindigni C, Vineis P, Becker N, Benavente Y, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Cocco P, Foretova L, Maynadié M, Nieters A, Staines A, Colt JS, Cozen W, Davis S, de Roos AJ, Hartge P, Rothman N, Severson RK, Holly EA, Call TG, Feldman AL, Habermann TM, Liebow M, Blair A, Cantor KP, Kane EV, Lightfoot T, Roman E, Smith A, Brooks-Wilson A, Connors JM, Gascoyne RD, Spinelli JJ, Armstrong BK, Kricker A, Holford TR, Lan Q, Zheng T, Orsi L, Dal Maso L, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Serraino D, Bernstein L, Levine A, Friedberg JW, Kelly JL, Berndt SI, Birmann BM, Clarke CA, Flowers CR, Foran JM, Kadin ME, Paltiel O, Weisenburger DD, Linet MS, Sampson JN (August 2014). "Etiologic heterogeneity among non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs. 2014 (48): 130–44. doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu013. PMC 4155467. PMID 25174034.

[pmid25174023-5] Cerhan JR, Kricker A, Paltiel O, Flowers CR, Wang SS, Monnereau A, Blair A, Dal Maso L, Kane EV, Nieters A, Foran JM, Miligi L, Clavel J, Bernstein L, Rothman N, Slager SL, Sampson JN, Morton LM, Skibola CF (August 2014). "Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs. 2014 (48): 15–25. doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu010. PMC 4155465. PMID 25174023.

[pmid25864967-6] Chihara D, Nastoupil LJ, Williams JN, Lee P, Koff JL, Flowers CR (May 2015). "New insights into the epidemiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and implications for therapy". Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 15 (5): 531–44. doi:10.1586/14737140.2015.1023712. PMC 4698971. PMID 25864967.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Non-Hodgkin lymphoma}}
-{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AS}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Preeti}}
 ==Overview==
 The known risk factors in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are weakened immune system, [[autoimmune disorders]], certain infections, and previous cancer treatment. Other possible risk factors include positive family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, exposure to [[pesticides]], exposure to [[trichloroethylene]], [[diet]], [[obesity]], hair dyes, and occupational exposures.
 ==Risk Factors==
-The known risk factors in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are weakened immune system, [[autoimmune disorders]], certain infections, and previous cancer treatment. Other possible risk factors include positive family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, exposure to [[pesticides]], exposure to [[trichloroethylene]], [[diet]], [[obesity]], hair dyes, and occupational exposures.<ref name=CCS>{{cite web | title = Canadian Cancer Society Risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma| url =http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/risks/?region=ab}}</ref>
+The known risk factors in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are:<ref name="pmid22967995">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kane EV, Bernstein L, Bracci PM, Cerhan JR, Costas L, Dal Maso L, Holly EA, La Vecchia C, Matsuo K, Sanjose S, Spinelli JJ, Wang SS, Zhang Y, Zheng T, Roman E, Kricker A |title=Postmenopausal hormone therapy and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a pooled analysis of InterLymph case-control studies |journal=Ann. Oncol. |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=433–41 |date=February 2013 |pmid=22967995 |pmc=3551484 |doi=10.1093/annonc/mds340 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25174033">{{cite journal |vauthors=Skibola CF, Slager SL, Berndt SI, Lightfoot T, Sampson JN, Morton LM, Weisenburger DD |title=Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project |journal=J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs |volume=2014 |issue=48 |pages=125–9 |date=August 2014 |pmid=25174033 |pmc=4155464 |doi=10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25174026">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bracci PM, Benavente Y, Turner JJ, Paltiel O, Slager SL, Vajdic CM, Norman AD, Cerhan JR, Chiu BC, Becker N, Cocco P, Dogan A, Nieters A, Holly EA, Kane EV, Smedby KE, Maynadié M, Spinelli JJ, Roman E, Glimelius B, Wang SS, Sampson JN, Morton LM, de Sanjosé S |title=Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for marginal zone lymphoma: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project |journal=J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs |volume=2014 |issue=48 |pages=52–65 |date=August 2014 |pmid=25174026 |pmc=4207869 |doi=10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu011 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25174034">{{cite journal |vauthors=Morton LM, Slager SL, Cerhan JR, Wang SS, Vajdic CM, Skibola CF, Bracci PM, de Sanjosé S, Smedby KE, Chiu BC, Zhang Y, Mbulaiteye SM, Monnereau A, Turner JJ, Clavel J, Adami HO, Chang ET, Glimelius B, Hjalgrim H, Melbye M, Crosignani P, di Lollo S, Miligi L, Nanni O, Ramazzotti V, Rodella S, Costantini AS, Stagnaro E, Tumino R, Vindigni C, Vineis P, Becker N, Benavente Y, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Cocco P, Foretova L, Maynadié M, Nieters A, Staines A, Colt JS, Cozen W, Davis S, de Roos AJ, Hartge P, Rothman N, Severson RK, Holly EA, Call TG, Feldman AL, Habermann TM, Liebow M, Blair A, Cantor KP, Kane EV, Lightfoot T, Roman E, Smith A, Brooks-Wilson A, Connors JM, Gascoyne RD, Spinelli JJ, Armstrong BK, Kricker A, Holford TR, Lan Q, Zheng T, Orsi L, Dal Maso L, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Serraino D, Bernstein L, Levine A, Friedberg JW, Kelly JL, Berndt SI, Birmann BM, Clarke CA, Flowers CR, Foran JM, Kadin ME, Paltiel O, Weisenburger DD, Linet MS, Sampson JN |title=Etiologic heterogeneity among non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project |journal=J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs |volume=2014 |issue=48 |pages=130–44 |date=August 2014 |pmid=25174034 |pmc=4155467 |doi=10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu013 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25174023">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cerhan JR, Kricker A, Paltiel O, Flowers CR, Wang SS, Monnereau A, Blair A, Dal Maso L, Kane EV, Nieters A, Foran JM, Miligi L, Clavel J, Bernstein L, Rothman N, Slager SL, Sampson JN, Morton LM, Skibola CF |title=Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project |journal=J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monographs |volume=2014 |issue=48 |pages=15–25 |date=August 2014 |pmid=25174023 |pmc=4155465 |doi=10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu010 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25864967">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chihara D, Nastoupil LJ, Williams JN, Lee P, Koff JL, Flowers CR |title=New insights into the epidemiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and implications for therapy |journal=Expert Rev Anticancer Ther |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=531–44 |date=May 2015 |pmid=25864967 |pmc=4698971 |doi=10.1586/14737140.2015.1023712 |url=}}</ref>
-{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
+{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
 |+ '''Risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma'''
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | Known risk factors
-! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | Possible risk factors
+! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''Factors that Decrease risk'''
 |-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Weakened immune system
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Age (above 60 years)
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Positive family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[Alcohol]] consumption
 |-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Autoimmune disorders
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Ethnicity (Caucasians more than African and Asian Americans)
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Exposure to pesticides
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[Atopy|Atopic disease]]
 |-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Certain infections
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Positive family history of first degree relative with non-Hodgkin lymphoma
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Exposure to trichloroethylene
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[Hormone replacement therapy|Hormone therapy]] use after ≥ 50 years of age
 |-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Previous cancer treatment
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Weakened immune system ( genetic diseases like [[ataxia telangiectasia]] or infection like HIV)
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Diet
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | High sun exposure
 |-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | B-cell activating [[autoimmune disorders]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Obesity
 |-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Radioactive contamination|Radiation exposure]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Hair dyes
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Infections ( [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]], [[Hepatitis C|Hep C]], [[Human T-lymphotropic virus|HTLV-1]], [[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]], [[Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus|HHV-8]], [[Helicobacter pylori]], [[Chlamydophila psittaci|Chlamydophila psitt]]<nowiki/>aci, [[Campylobacter jejuni]]),
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Previous cancer treatment
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Exposure to chemicals and drugs ([[pesticides]], [[methotrexate]],tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, [[trichloroethylene]])
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Occupational exposures
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Smoking|Cigarette smoking]] for ≥ 40 years
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Body mass index|BMI]] ≥30 kg/m2
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Occupational exposures (hairdresser, farmer)
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Diet (nutrition)|Diet]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Hair dyes
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Breast implants]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
 |-
 |}
-===A. Known risk factors===
+:*
-* The likelihood of getting non-Hodgkin lymphoma increases with age and is more common in men than in women.
-====1. Weakened immune system====
-*a. Congenital immune system damage
-::* Inherited disorders
-:::* [[Ataxia-telangiectasia]] (AT)
-:::* [[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]]
-:::* [[Severe combined immunodeficiency]] (SCID)
-:::* X-linked lymphoproliferative disorder
-*b. Acquired immune system damage
-:* Acquired disorders
-::* [[Common variable immunodeficiency]] (CVID)
-::* [[HIV]] and [[AIDS]]
-:* Immunosuppressant drugs for
-::* [[Organ transplant]] (such as a kidney, heart or liver transplant)
-::* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
-::* [[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
-::* [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] (SLE)
-====2. Autoimmune disorders====
-* [[Sjogren’s syndrome]]
-:* Linked with marginal cell lymphoma
-:* Linked with [[diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]]
-* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
-:* Linked with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
-:* Linked with [[lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]]
-* [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] (SLE)
-:* Linked with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
-* [[Celiac disease]]
-:* Linked with a higher risk for [[enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma]] (EATL)
-* Hashimotos thyroiditis
-:* Linked with a higher risk of developing primary thyroid lymphoma
-====3. Certain infections====
-* [[Viral]] infection
-:* [[Epstein-Barr virus]] (EBV)
-::* Causes [[infectious mononucleosis]]
-::* Occur most commonly in Africa
-::* Linked to [[Burkitt lymphoma]]
-:* Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus, type 1 ([[HTLV-1]])
-::* Most common in southern Japan and the Caribbean
-::* Risk of developing adult [[T-cell lymphoma]] and [[leukemia]]
-:* [[Human herpesvirus 8]] (HHV-8)
-::* Linked with [[primary effusion lymphoma]], [[body cavity lymphoma]] and [[AIDS-related lymphoma]]
-:* [[Hepatitis C virus]] (HCV) and [[hepatitis B virus]] (HBV)
-::* Higher risk of developing some types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
-* [[Bacterial]] infection
-:* [[Helicobacter pylori]] (H. pylori)
-::* Linked with [[gastric lymphoma]]s, particularly  mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue lymphoma ([[MALT lymphoma]])
-* [[Campylobacter jejuni]] (C. jejuni)
-::* Linked with a mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue lymphoma ([[MALT lymphoma]])
-====4. Previous cancer treatment====
-* People who have received chemotherapy, with or without radiation therapy
-* People who have been treated for cancer have a higher risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma for the rest of their lives
-* The risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma is greatest in the first 5 years after treatment
-===B. Possible risk factors===
-*1. Family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
-:* Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is not generally considered to be familial, which means occurring in families more often than would be expected by chance
-:* Higher risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in people with a first-degree relative (a parent, brother, sister or child) who has been diagnosed with lymphoma
-*2. Exposure to [[pesticides]]
-:* Exposure to certain pesticides, such as [[Agent Orange]], may be linked with a higher risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma
-*3. Exposure to [[trichloroethylene]]
-:* Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a solvent used mostly to remove grease from metal
-:* Exposure to TCE may increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma
-*4. Diet
-:* Diets high in meat, dairy products and saturated fat may increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma
-:* Diets low in vegetables increase the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
-*5. Obesity
-:* May increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma, particularly [[large B-cell lymphoma]]
-*6. Hair dyes
-:* Higher risk in people who used hair dye before 1980
-:* Risk affects people who used permanent dyes with dark colors in particular
-:* Risk may also be higher in hair dressers and barbers, who were exposed to the dye at work
-*7. Occupational exposures
-:* Farming
-:* Rubber industry
-:* Wood and forestry
-:* Printing
-:* Welding
 ==References==
@@ Line 125: / Line 73: @@
 {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
 {{WikiDoc Sources}}
+ [[Category:Up-To-Date]]
+[[Category:Oncology]]
+[[Category:Medicine]]
+[[Category:Hematology]]
+[[Category:Immunology]]

v t e Myeloid Hematological malignancy/leukemia histology (ICD-O 9590-9989, C81-C96, 200-208)
CFU-GM/ and other granulocytes	Template:Navbox subgroup
MEP	Template:Navbox subgroup
CFU-Mast	Mastocytoma (Mast cell leukemia, Mast cell sarcoma, Systemic mastocytosis)
Multiple/unknown	AML (Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis, Myeloid sarcoma) · MP (Myelofibrosis) · Acute biphenotypic leukaemia
See also hematology, lymphoid malignancy

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk factors: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 20:37, 21 January 2019

Overview

Risk Factors

References

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