Thyroid adenoma (patient information)

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Overview

• Thyroid adenoma is an endocrine disease of thyroid gland. Common causes of thyroid adenoma include iodine deficiency, chronic inflammation, and genetic mutation of THADA gene. The mainstay of therapy for thyroid adenoma is regular monitoring and supportive therapy. Surgery is recommended for all patients who develop pressure symptoms of thyroid adenoma.

What are the symptoms of thyroid adenoma?

• Common symptoms of thyroid adenoma includes the following:

• Swelling or pain infront of the neck
• Cough
• Shortness of breath
• Hoarseness of voice
• Warm sweaty skin
• Skin flushing
• Increased appetite
• Weight loss
• Restlessness
• Nervousness
• Heat intolerance
• Trembling hands
• Palpitations
• Insominia
• Anxiety
• Increased bowel frequency
• Menstrual irregularities

What causes thyroid adenoma?

• Common causes of thyroid adenoma include iodine deficiency, chronic inflammation, and genetic mutation of THADA gene.

Who is at highest risk?

• People with positive family history of thyroid adenoma are at highest risk of thyroid adenoma.

Diagnosis

• Thyroid function test

• Thyroid stimulating hormone level
• T3
• T4

• Thyroid scan
• Thyroid ultrasound
• Biopsy

When to seek urgent medical care?

• Seek urgent medical care if there are pressure symptoms of thyroid adenoma or its complications.

Treatment options

• The mainstay of therapy for thyroid adenoma is regular monitoring and supportive therapy. Surgery is recommended for all patients who develop pressure symptoms of thyroid adenoma.

Where to find medical care for thyroid adenoma?

• Directions to Hospitals Treating Thyroid adenoma

Prevention

• There is no established method for prevention of thyroid adenoma.

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

• Depending on the extent of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis of thyroid adenoma may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as excellent.

Possible complications

• Possible complications of thyroid adenoma are listed below:

• Hyperthyroidism
• Thyrotoxicosis
• Hemorrhage
• Thyroid cyst
• Thyroid cancer
• Dyspnea and stridor
• Dysphagia
• Superior vena cava obstruction

Sources

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007265.htm