Appendicitis historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Appendicitis}} | {{Appendicitis}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{FH}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Appendicitis]] was first officially described by Reginald J. Fitz of Harvard University | The first description of appendicitis dates back to the early 1500s from a French doctor and prolific writer, Jean Francois Fernel, in "Universa Medicina". However, [[Appendicitis]] was first officially described in 1886 by Reginald J. Fitz of Harvard University. Since then, the [[appendectomy]] has become one of the most common surgical procedures. The [[laparoscopic]] [[appendectomy]] was invented in the 1980s, and has led to reduced length of hospital stay, a decreased risk of [[infection]], and a reduction in post-operative pain. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
===Discovery=== | ===Discovery=== | ||
*The earliest known drawing of the [[appendix]] was by the great artist and scientist, Leonardo da Vinci | *The earliest known drawing of the [[appendix]] was in 1492 by the great artist and scientist, Leonardo da Vinci.<ref name="pmid6342553">{{cite journal |author=Williams GR |title=Presidential Address: a history of appendicitis. With anecdotes illustrating its importance |journal=[[Annals of Surgery]] |volume=197 |issue=5 |pages=495–506 |year=1983 |month=May |pmid=6342553 |pmc=1353017 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0003-4932&volume=197&issue=5&spage=495 |accessdate=2012-08-09}}</ref> | ||
*Berengarius Carpus, a professor of [[surgery]] at Pavia and Bologna, gave | *Berengarius Carpus, a professor of [[surgery]] at Pavia and Bologna, gave the first description of the [[appendix]] in 1522.<ref name="book1">McCarty, Arthur C. "History of Appendicitis Vermiformis Its diseases and treatment." The Innominate Society http://www.innominatesociety.com/Articles/History%20of%20Appendicitis.htm (1927). APA</ref> | ||
* Physician Gabriele Fallopius was the first to compare the appendix to a worm in 1561.<ref name="book1">McCarty, Arthur C. "History of Appendicitis Vermiformis Its diseases and treatment." The Innominate Society http://www.innominatesociety.com/Articles/History%20of%20Appendicitis.htm (1927). APA</ref> | *Physician Gabriele Fallopius was the first to compare the appendix to a worm in 1561.<ref name="book1">McCarty, Arthur C. "History of Appendicitis Vermiformis Its diseases and treatment." The Innominate Society http://www.innominatesociety.com/Articles/History%20of%20Appendicitis.htm (1927). APA</ref> | ||
* In 1579, Johann Bauhin proposed the theory that the appendix provided function in intrauterine life as a storage for feces.<ref name="book1">McCarty, Arthur C. "History of Appendicitis Vermiformis Its diseases and treatment." The Innominate Society http://www.innominatesociety.com/Articles/History%20of%20Appendicitis.htm (1927). APA</ref> | *In 1579, Johann Bauhin proposed the theory that the appendix provided function in intrauterine life as a storage for [[feces]].<ref name="book1">McCarty, Arthur C. "History of Appendicitis Vermiformis Its diseases and treatment." The Innominate Society http://www.innominatesociety.com/Articles/History%20of%20Appendicitis.htm (1927). APA</ref> | ||
===Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies=== | ===Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies=== | ||
*The first description of appendicitis is thought to date back to the early 1500s by French doctor and prolific writer, Jean Francois Fernel, in "Universa Medicina". | *The first description of appendicitis is thought to date back to the early 1500s by French doctor and prolific writer, Jean Francois Fernel, in "Universa Medicina".<ref>{{Citation | ||
| last1 = Fernel | | last1 = Fernel | ||
| first1 = Jean Fracois | | first1 = Jean Fracois | ||
| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
| year = 1567 | | year = 1567 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
* | *During the late 1600s, Lorenz Heister was the first surgeon to perform post-mortem sections of appendicitis and gave an unequivocal description of a perforated appendix and [[abscess]].<ref name="pmid17848045">{{cite journal |author=Shklar G, Chernin DA |title=Lorenz Heister and oral disease with the original text from his papers |journal=[[Journal of the History of Dentistry]] |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=68–74 |year=2007 |pmid=17848045 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-08-09}}</ref> | ||
*Francois Melier suggested surgical removal of the appendix in 1827, although his paper was largely ignored. | *Francois Melier suggested surgical removal of the appendix in 1827, although his paper was largely ignored. | ||
*Guillaume Dupuytren, a leading surgeon in Paris gave strong opposition to Melier's suggestion | *Guillaume Dupuytren, a leading surgeon in Paris, gave strong opposition to Melier's suggestion and was convinced that the cause of right lower quadrant inflammatory disease was due to the [[cecum]].<ref name="pmid7023636">{{cite journal |author=Seal A |title=Appendicitis: a historical review |journal=[[Canadian Journal of Surgery. Journal Canadien De Chirurgie]] |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=427–33 |year=1981 |month=July |pmid=7023636 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-08-09}}</ref> | ||
*During the | *During the 1840s, four well-known physicians, Thomas Hodgkin, Richard Bright, Thomas Addison, and Voltz all pointed towards the appendix as the source of the disease. | ||
* Reginald. J. Fitz, anatomic pathologist from Harvard University, described his paper "Perforating [[Inflammation]] of the Vermiform Appendix" on June 18th, 1886 to the Association of American Physicians. | *Reginald. J. Fitz, an anatomic pathologist from Harvard University, described appendicitis in his paper "Perforating [[Inflammation]] of the Vermiform Appendix" on June 18th, 1886 to the Association of American Physicians. | ||
*Reginald. J. Fitz was the first person to provide a clear description of the [[pathology]], [[diagnosis]], treatment of [[appendicitis]] and also coined the term appendicitis.<ref name="pmid3890203">{{cite journal |author=Carmichael DH |title=Reginald Fitz and appendicitis |journal=[[Southern Medical Journal]] |volume=78 |issue=6 |pages=725–30 |year=1985 |month=June |pmid=3890203 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0038-4348&volume=78&issue=6&spage=725 |accessdate=2012-08-09}}</ref> | |||
* The first actual surgical removal of the appendix was done by Caudius Amyand at St. Georges Hospital in London, when he removed a perforated appendix found in a scrotal hernia. | *The first actual surgical removal of the appendix was done by Caudius Amyand at St. Georges Hospital in London, when he removed a perforated appendix found in a scrotal [[hernia]]. | ||
===Development of Treatment Strategies=== | ===Development of Treatment Strategies=== | ||
*Charles McBurney from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City pioneered the diagnosis and early operative intervention of appendicitis.<ref name="pmid16160065">{{cite journal |author=Musana KA, Yale SH |title=Murphy's Sign |journal=[[Clinical Medicine & Research]] |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=132 |year=2005 |month=August |pmid=16160065 |pmc=1237152 |doi= |url=http://www.clinmedres.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16160065 |accessdate=2012-08-09}}</ref> | *Charles McBurney from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City pioneered the diagnosis and early operative intervention of appendicitis.<ref name="pmid16160065">{{cite journal |author=Musana KA, Yale SH |title=Murphy's Sign |journal=[[Clinical Medicine & Research]] |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=132 |year=2005 |month=August |pmid=16160065 |pmc=1237152 |doi= |url=http://www.clinmedres.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16160065 |accessdate=2012-08-09}}</ref> | ||
* The McBurney point was described in 1889, which is one third of the way from the [[anterior superior iliac spine]] | *The McBurney point was described in 1889, which is one-third of the way laterally from the [[anterior superior iliac spine]] to the umbilicus on the right side of the [[abdomen]]. | ||
*The [[McBurney incision]] was coined in 1894. | *The [[McBurney incision]] was coined in 1894. | ||
* A.J. Oschner | *In 1902, A.J. Oschner advocated for a non-operative treatment of [[peritonitis]].<ref name="pmid7299967">{{cite journal |author=Ochsner A |title=The conservative treatment of appendiceal peritonitis |journal=[[JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association]] |volume=246 |issue=21 |pages=2453–4 |year=1981 |month=November |pmid=7299967 |doi= |url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?volume=246&page=2453 |accessdate=2012-08-09}}</ref> | ||
* The laparoscopic appendectomy surgery was invented by Kurt Semm in 1980. | * The laparoscopic appendectomy surgery was invented by Kurt Semm in 1980. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Surgery]] | |||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
Latest revision as of 13:35, 20 October 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farwa Haideri [2]
Overview
The first description of appendicitis dates back to the early 1500s from a French doctor and prolific writer, Jean Francois Fernel, in "Universa Medicina". However, Appendicitis was first officially described in 1886 by Reginald J. Fitz of Harvard University. Since then, the appendectomy has become one of the most common surgical procedures. The laparoscopic appendectomy was invented in the 1980s, and has led to reduced length of hospital stay, a decreased risk of infection, and a reduction in post-operative pain.
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- The earliest known drawing of the appendix was in 1492 by the great artist and scientist, Leonardo da Vinci.[1]
- Berengarius Carpus, a professor of surgery at Pavia and Bologna, gave the first description of the appendix in 1522.[2]
- Physician Gabriele Fallopius was the first to compare the appendix to a worm in 1561.[2]
- In 1579, Johann Bauhin proposed the theory that the appendix provided function in intrauterine life as a storage for feces.[2]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- The first description of appendicitis is thought to date back to the early 1500s by French doctor and prolific writer, Jean Francois Fernel, in "Universa Medicina".[3]
- During the late 1600s, Lorenz Heister was the first surgeon to perform post-mortem sections of appendicitis and gave an unequivocal description of a perforated appendix and abscess.[4]
- Francois Melier suggested surgical removal of the appendix in 1827, although his paper was largely ignored.
- Guillaume Dupuytren, a leading surgeon in Paris, gave strong opposition to Melier's suggestion and was convinced that the cause of right lower quadrant inflammatory disease was due to the cecum.[5]
- During the 1840s, four well-known physicians, Thomas Hodgkin, Richard Bright, Thomas Addison, and Voltz all pointed towards the appendix as the source of the disease.
- Reginald. J. Fitz, an anatomic pathologist from Harvard University, described appendicitis in his paper "Perforating Inflammation of the Vermiform Appendix" on June 18th, 1886 to the Association of American Physicians.
- Reginald. J. Fitz was the first person to provide a clear description of the pathology, diagnosis, treatment of appendicitis and also coined the term appendicitis.[6]
- The first actual surgical removal of the appendix was done by Caudius Amyand at St. Georges Hospital in London, when he removed a perforated appendix found in a scrotal hernia.
Development of Treatment Strategies
- Charles McBurney from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City pioneered the diagnosis and early operative intervention of appendicitis.[7]
- The McBurney point was described in 1889, which is one-third of the way laterally from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus on the right side of the abdomen.
- The McBurney incision was coined in 1894.
- In 1902, A.J. Oschner advocated for a non-operative treatment of peritonitis.[8]
- The laparoscopic appendectomy surgery was invented by Kurt Semm in 1980.
References
- ↑ Williams GR (1983). "Presidential Address: a history of appendicitis. With anecdotes illustrating its importance". Annals of Surgery. 197 (5): 495–506. PMC 1353017. PMID 6342553. Retrieved 2012-08-09. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 McCarty, Arthur C. "History of Appendicitis Vermiformis Its diseases and treatment." The Innominate Society http://www.innominatesociety.com/Articles/History%20of%20Appendicitis.htm (1927). APA
- ↑ Fernel, Jean Fracois (1567), Universa Medicina (1 ed.), New York, New York: Cambridge University Press
- ↑ Shklar G, Chernin DA (2007). "Lorenz Heister and oral disease with the original text from his papers". Journal of the History of Dentistry. 55 (2): 68–74. PMID 17848045.
|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Seal A (1981). "Appendicitis: a historical review". Canadian Journal of Surgery. Journal Canadien De Chirurgie. 24 (4): 427–33. PMID 7023636. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Carmichael DH (1985). "Reginald Fitz and appendicitis". Southern Medical Journal. 78 (6): 725–30. PMID 3890203. Retrieved 2012-08-09. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Musana KA, Yale SH (2005). "Murphy's Sign". Clinical Medicine & Research. 3 (3): 132. PMC 1237152. PMID 16160065. Retrieved 2012-08-09. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Ochsner A (1981). "The conservative treatment of appendiceal peritonitis". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 246 (21): 2453–4. PMID 7299967. Retrieved 2012-08-09. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)