Escherichia coli enteritis laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Escherichia coli enteritis}} | {{Escherichia coli enteritis}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{YD}}; {{SSK}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Identification of the causative [[Strain (biology)|strain]] is usually not necessary for [[diagnosis]] and treatment. [[Diagnosis|Diagnostic]] [[Medical laboratory|laboratory]] [[Test|tests]] for [[Escherichia coli enteritis|''E. coli'' enteritis]] usually include either [[stool culture]], [[ELISA]], or [[polymerase chain reaction|polymerase chain reaction (PCR)]]. Other [[Medical laboratory|laboratory]] findings in [[Escherichia coli enteritis|''E. coli'' enteritis]] are usually non-specific and may include increased [[white blood cell]] count and elevated [[Inflammation|inflammatory]] markers. [[Medical laboratory|Laboratory]] findings suggestive of [[dehydration]] may include [[polycythemia|relative polycythemia]], [[metabolic alkalosis]], elevated [[BUN]] and [[serum]] [[creatinine]] (suggestive of pre-renal [[acute kidney injury]]). When [[Hospitalization|hospitalized]], [[Patient|patients]] should also be monitored for [[Medical laboratory|laboratory]] findings that may suggest the development of [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]], such as [[hemolytic anemia]], elevated [[serum]] [[creatinine]], and [[thrombocytopenia]]. | |||
==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
==References | ===Diagnostic Laboratory Findings=== | ||
*'''Stool cultures''' | |||
:*Usually considered a reliable [[Diagnosis|diagnostic]] [[test]] with good [[Sensitivity (tests)|sensitivity]] since ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'' [[Organism|organisms]] typically shed continuously | |||
:*[[Diagnosis]] of ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'' O157:H7 usually requires [[sorbitol-MacConkey agar]] | |||
*'''Serotyping''' | |||
:*[[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|ELISA]] detects [[Shiga-like toxin|Shiga-like toxins]] 1 and 2 in [[Human feces|stools]] | |||
:*[[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|ELISA]] may detect anti-[[Lipopolysaccharide|LPS]] [[IgM|IgM antibodies]] against some ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'' [[Strain (biology)|strains]] | |||
*'''Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)''' | |||
:*Detection of [[Escherichia coli|E. coli]] [[Pathogen|pathogens]] and [[Shiga-like toxin]] | |||
===Non-Diagnostic Laboratory Findings=== | |||
*[[Medical laboratory|Laboratory]] findings of ''[[Escherichia coli enteritis|E. coli enteritis]]'' are usually related to the degree of [[dehydration]] or development of [[Complication (medicine)|complications]]. [[Medical laboratory|Laboratory]] findings include: | |||
:*[[WBC]] count may be normal or elevated | |||
:*Elevated concentration of [[Inflammation|inflammatory]] markers (e.g. [[CRP]] or [[ESR]]) | |||
:*[[Chloride]]-sensitive [[metabolic alkalosis]] and [[Electrolyte disturbance|electrolyte derangement (]]<nowiki/>commonly [[hypokalemia]]) | |||
:*[[polycythemia|Relative polycythemia]] in cases of [[dehydration]] or [[hemolytic anemia]] in cases of [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]] | |||
:*Elevated concentration of [[BUN]] | |||
:*Elevated [[creatinine]] is suggestive of pre-renal [[acute kidney injury]] in severe [[dehydration]] or onset of [[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|hemolytic uremic syndrome]]<br><br> | |||
To learn more about [[Medical laboratory|laboratory]] findings associated with [[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|hemolytic uremic syndrome]] (such as prolonged [[Prothrombin time|PT]] and [[Partial thromboplastin time|PTT]], [[hemolytic anemia]], and [[thrombocytopenia]]) click [[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome laboratory findings|'''here''']]. | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | |||
[[Category:Foodborne illnesses]] | |||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]] | |||
Latest revision as of 00:18, 18 December 2018
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Escherichia coli enteritis Microchapters |
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Differentiating Escherichia coli enteritis from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Escherichia coli enteritis laboratory findings On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Escherichia coli enteritis laboratory findings |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Escherichia coli enteritis laboratory findings |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Serge Korjian M.D.
Overview
Identification of the causative strain is usually not necessary for diagnosis and treatment. Diagnostic laboratory tests for E. coli enteritis usually include either stool culture, ELISA, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Other laboratory findings in E. coli enteritis are usually non-specific and may include increased white blood cell count and elevated inflammatory markers. Laboratory findings suggestive of dehydration may include relative polycythemia, metabolic alkalosis, elevated BUN and serum creatinine (suggestive of pre-renal acute kidney injury). When hospitalized, patients should also be monitored for laboratory findings that may suggest the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome, such as hemolytic anemia, elevated serum creatinine, and thrombocytopenia.
Laboratory Findings
Diagnostic Laboratory Findings
- Stool cultures
- Usually considered a reliable diagnostic test with good sensitivity since E. coli organisms typically shed continuously
- Diagnosis of E. coli O157:H7 usually requires sorbitol-MacConkey agar
- Serotyping
- ELISA detects Shiga-like toxins 1 and 2 in stools
- ELISA may detect anti-LPS IgM antibodies against some E. coli strains
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
- Detection of E. coli pathogens and Shiga-like toxin
Non-Diagnostic Laboratory Findings
- Laboratory findings of E. coli enteritis are usually related to the degree of dehydration or development of complications. Laboratory findings include:
- WBC count may be normal or elevated
- Elevated concentration of inflammatory markers (e.g. CRP or ESR)
- Chloride-sensitive metabolic alkalosis and electrolyte derangement (commonly hypokalemia)
- Relative polycythemia in cases of dehydration or hemolytic anemia in cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome
- Elevated concentration of BUN
- Elevated creatinine is suggestive of pre-renal acute kidney injury in severe dehydration or onset of hemolytic uremic syndrome
To learn more about laboratory findings associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome (such as prolonged PT and PTT, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia) click here.