Myelodysplastic syndrome medical therapy: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}};{{AE}}{{NM}} | {{CMG}};{{AE}}{{NM}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Chemotherapy is recommended among all patients who develop myelodysplastic syndrome.<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | [[Chemotherapy]] is recommended among all patients who develop myelodysplastic syndrome.<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | ||
==Medical Therapy== | ==Medical Therapy== | ||
*Treatment is based on the type of myelodysplastic syndrome and the person's age and general health. The goal of treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome is to:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | *Treatment is based on the type of myelodysplastic syndrome and the person's age and general health. The goal of treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome is to:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | ||
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**Improve quality of life | **Improve quality of life | ||
===Chemotherapy=== | ===Chemotherapy=== | ||
* The most common chemotherapy drug used to treat | *The most common chemotherapy drug used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome is cytarabine. Cytarabine may be combined with other pharmacological agents such as:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | ||
**Idarubicin | **[[Idarubicin]] | ||
**Topotecan | **[[Topotecan]] | ||
**Fludarabine | **[[Fludarabine]] | ||
* Other chemotherapeutic agents that may be used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome include:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | * Other chemotherapeutic agents that may be used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome include:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | ||
**Daunorubucin | **[[Daunorubucin]] | ||
**Mitoxantrone | **[[Mitoxantrone]] | ||
===Supportive Therapy=== | ===Supportive Therapy=== | ||
*Supportive therapy is given to relieve symptoms and lessen the problems caused by abnormal blood cell counts or treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome.<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | *Supportive therapy is given to relieve symptoms and lessen the problems caused by abnormal blood cell counts or treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome.<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | ||
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*Patients with bleeding problems due to low platelet counts may be given platelet transfusions. | *Patients with bleeding problems due to low platelet counts may be given platelet transfusions. | ||
====Growth Factors==== | ====Growth Factors==== | ||
*Epoetin (erythropoietin) | *[[Epoetin]] (erythropoietin) | ||
:*Helps improve production of red blood cells | :*Helps improve production of red blood cells | ||
*Filgrastim | *[[Filgrastim]] | ||
:*Also called granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) | :*Also called granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) | ||
:*Helps improve production of white blood cells | :*Helps improve production of white blood cells | ||
*Pegfilgrastim | *[[Pegfilgrastim]] | ||
:*A long-acting G-CSF | :*A long-acting G-CSF | ||
====Supportive Therapy==== | ====Supportive Therapy==== | ||
*Other drugs that may be used to treat symptoms or side effects of therapy include:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | *Other drugs that may be used to treat symptoms or side effects of therapy include:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | ||
*Deferoxamine | *[[Deferoxamine]] | ||
:*treats excess iron in the blood | :*treats excess iron in the blood | ||
:*sometimes given with Vitamin C. | :*sometimes given with Vitamin C. | ||
*Lenalidomide | *[[Lenalidomide]] | ||
:*decreases the need for transfusions in people with a specific chromosome change | :*decreases the need for transfusions in people with a specific chromosome change | ||
*Antithymocyte globulin | *[[Antithymocyte globulin]] | ||
:*decreases the need for transfusions in certain types of myelodysplastic syndrome | :*decreases the need for transfusions in certain types of myelodysplastic syndrome | ||
*Antibiotics | *Antibiotics | ||
:*help to prevent or treat infections | :*help to prevent or treat infections | ||
*Hypomethylating agents, such as 5-azacytidine or decitabine | *Hypomethylating agents, such as [[5-azacytidine]] or [[decitabine]] | ||
:*stop cancer cells from producing DNA or RNA so the cells die | :*stop cancer cells from producing DNA or RNA so the cells die | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Oncology]] | |||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Neurology]] | |||
[[Category:Neurosurgery]] | |||
Latest revision as of 02:49, 27 November 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nawal Muazam M.D.[2]
Overview
Chemotherapy is recommended among all patients who develop myelodysplastic syndrome.[1]
Medical Therapy
- Treatment is based on the type of myelodysplastic syndrome and the person's age and general health. The goal of treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome is to:[1]
- Relieve symptoms
- Slow or prevent progression of the disease
- Improve quality of life
Chemotherapy
- The most common chemotherapy drug used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome is cytarabine. Cytarabine may be combined with other pharmacological agents such as:[1]
- Other chemotherapeutic agents that may be used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome include:[1]
Supportive Therapy
- Supportive therapy is given to relieve symptoms and lessen the problems caused by abnormal blood cell counts or treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome.[1]
Transfusions
- Patients with anemia may receive blood transfusions to correct the red blood cell counts.
- Frequent blood transfusions can be complicated by a buildup of extra iron in the body, which is treated with drug therapy.
- Patients with bleeding problems due to low platelet counts may be given platelet transfusions.
Growth Factors
- Epoetin (erythropoietin)
- Helps improve production of red blood cells
- Also called granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
- Helps improve production of white blood cells
- A long-acting G-CSF
Supportive Therapy
- Other drugs that may be used to treat symptoms or side effects of therapy include:[1]
- Deferoxamine
- treats excess iron in the blood
- sometimes given with Vitamin C.
- decreases the need for transfusions in people with a specific chromosome change
- decreases the need for transfusions in certain types of myelodysplastic syndrome
- Antibiotics
- help to prevent or treat infections
- Hypomethylating agents, such as 5-azacytidine or decitabine
- stop cancer cells from producing DNA or RNA so the cells die