Adenocarcinoma of the lung biopsy: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Biopsy]] is helpful in the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Biopsy is the diagnostic study of choice for adenocarcinoma of the lung. On microscopic [[Histopathology|histopathological]] analysis, nuclear atypia, eccentrically placed [[Cell nucleus|nuclei]], abundant [[cytoplasm]], and conspicuous [[Nucleolus|nucleoli]] are characteristic findings of adenocarcinoma of the lung. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) is the precursor of peripheral adenocarcinomas. It consists of well-demarcated [[Columnar epithelia|columnar]] or [[Cuboidal epithelia|cuboidal]] cells with varying degrees of cytologic [[atypia]], hyperchromasia, [[pleomorphism]] and prominent [[nucleoli]].


==Biopsy==
==Biopsy==
* [[Biopsy]] is helpful in the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung.
* [[Biopsy]] is helpful in the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung.  
* To view the biopsy findings of adenocarcinoma of the lung, please click [[adenocarcinoma of the lung pathophysiology|'''here''']].
** [[Fine needle aspiration]] (FNA)<ref name="cancada">Lung cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015.http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/lung/diagnosis/?region=ab#Endoscopy</ref>:
 
*** [[FNA|CT guided FNA]] uses a small amount of tissue from a suspected lung [[tumor]] or from a [[lymph node]] in the chest.  
'''Endoscopic procedures'''
*** [[Needle aspiration biopsy|FNA]] may also be obtained during [[bronchoscopy]], along with [[Ultrasound|endobronchial ultrasound]], to take samples of [[Lymph node|lymph nodes]] around the [[Vertebrate trachea|trachea]] and [[Bronchus|bronchi]].  
 
:* [[Thoracentesis]]
An endoscopic procedure may be done to diagnose and stage non–small lung cancer (NSCLC). It allows a doctor to look inside body cavities using a flexible tube with a light and lens on the end (an endoscope). Endoscopic procedures used to diagnose and stage lung cancer include:
:** [[Thoracentesis]] may be done to remove fluid from around the [[Lung|lungs]] to see if it contains [[Cancer|cancer cells]]. 
 
:* On microscopic [[Histopathology|histopathological]] analysis, nuclear atypia, eccentrically placed [[Cell nucleus|nuclei]], abundant [[cytoplasm]], and conspicuous [[Nucleolus|nucleoli]] are characteristic findings of adenocarcinoma of the lung.
    bronchoscopy
:* Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH): is the precursor of [[Adenocarcinomas|peripheral adenocarcinomas]]. It consists of well demarcated [[Columnar epithelia|columnar]] or [[Cuboidal epithelia|cuboidal]] cells with the following features:<ref>{{cite book | last = Kumar | first = Vinay | title = Robbins basic pathology | publisher = Saunders/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2007 | isbn = 1416029737 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Stewart | first = Bernard | title = World cancer report 2014 | publisher = International Agency for Research on Cancer,Distributed by WHO Press, World Health Organization | location = Lyon, France Geneva, Switzerland | year = 2014 | isbn = 9283204298 }}</ref>
        A bronchoscopy may be done to look for a tumour inside the bronchi.
:** Varying degrees of cytologic [[atypia]] 
        During a bronchoscopy, the doctor may remove a sample of tissue or fluid to be examined under a microscope to diagnose non–small lung cancer.
:** Hyperchromasia 
    mediastinoscopy or mediastinotomy
:** [[Pleomorphism]] 
        A mediastinoscopy may be done to look at the mediastinum
:** Prominent [[nucleoli]] 
        mediastinum
:* As [[adenocarcinoma]] is a derivative of [[mucus]] producing glands in the lungs, it tends to stain [[mucin]] positive.
        The space in the chest between the lungs, breastbone and spine that contains the heart, great blood vessels, thymus, trachea (windpipe), esophagus and lymph nodes. and get samples of tissues in the area.
:* Based on differentiation, the [[tumor]] may be:
        A mediastinotomy is similar to mediastinoscopy. Instead of inserting an endoscope through a cut in the neck, the doctor makes a slightly larger incision between the ribs. This allows the doctor to examine lymph nodes that cannot be reached by a mediastinoscopy.
:** Well differentiated (low grade): Normal appearance 
    thoracoscopy (pleuroscopy)
:** Poorly differentiated (high grade): Abnormal [[Gland|glandular]] appearance with a positive mucin stain
        A thoracoscopy may be done to look at and sample tissue from the chest wall, mediastinum, outer lining of the lungs (pleura) and lymph nodes in the chest.
        Thoracoscopy is not often done to diagnose lung cancer. It may be used if other tests, such as bronchoscopy, cannot get enough tissue to make a diagnosis.


=== Histopathological subtype: ===
* [[Biopsy]] specimen may show different [[Histology|histological]] subtypes.
* For information on [[Histology|histological subtypes]] of adenocarcinoma of the lung and their [[Histopathology|histopathological]] feature, [[Adenocarcinoma of the lung pathophysiology#Histological Subtypes|'''click here''']].
:
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 18:46, 20 February 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2]

Overview

Biopsy is the diagnostic study of choice for adenocarcinoma of the lung. On microscopic histopathological analysis, nuclear atypia, eccentrically placed nuclei, abundant cytoplasm, and conspicuous nucleoli are characteristic findings of adenocarcinoma of the lung. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) is the precursor of peripheral adenocarcinomas. It consists of well-demarcated columnar or cuboidal cells with varying degrees of cytologic atypia, hyperchromasia, pleomorphism and prominent nucleoli.

Biopsy

Histopathological subtype:

References

  1. ↑ Lung cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015.http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/lung/diagnosis/?region=ab#Endoscopy
  2. ↑ Kumar, Vinay (2007). Robbins basic pathology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 1416029737.
  3. ↑ Stewart, Bernard (2014). World cancer report 2014. Lyon, France Geneva, Switzerland: International Agency for Research on Cancer,Distributed by WHO Press, World Health Organization. ISBN 9283204298.


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