Pertussis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
After a two day incubation period, [[pertussis]] in infants and young children is characterized initially by mild [[respiratory infection]] symptoms such as [[cough]], [[sneeze|sneezing]], and [[runny nose]] ([[catarrh]]al stage). After one to two weeks, the [[cough]] changes character, with paroxysms of coughing followed by an inspiratory "whooping" sound ([[paroxysm]]al stage). Coughing fits may be followed by [[vomiting]] due to the sheer violence of the fit.  In severe cases, the [[vomiting]] induced by coughing fits can lead to [[malnutrition]]. The fits that do occur on their own can also be triggered by yawning, stretching, laughing, or yelling. Coughing fits gradually diminish over one to two months during the convalescent stage.
Initially, symptoms of pertussis include [[cough]], [[sneeze|sneezing]], and [[runny nose]]. After one to two weeks, the [[cough]] changes character, and patients typically experience whooping cough, which are paroxysms of violent coughing followed by an inspiratory "whooping" sound.


==Symptoms==
==Symptoms==
The clinical course of the illness is divided into three stages: catarrhal, paroxysmal and convalescent.
*The clinical course of the illness is divided into three stages: catarrhal, paroxysmal and convalescent.
*The symptoms vary among stages with the paroxysmal stage being the most severe.
*Pertussis is a prolonged illness that can last from a few weeks to several months.


Shown below is a table summarizing the main findings in each stage.<ref name=CDC1>[http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/clinical/features.html Pertussis (whooping cough). CDC.gov. Accessed on June 15, 2014]</ref>
The table below summarizes the key symptoms in each stage.<ref name="CDC1">Pertussis Clinical Features. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016). http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/clinical/features.html. Accessed on January 14, 2016.</ref>


{| style="cellpadding=0; cellspacing= 0; width: 600px;"
{| style="cellpadding=0; cellspacing= 0; width: 600px;"
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| style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 30%" align=center |'''Stage'''
| style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 30%" align="center" |'''Stage'''
|style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center |'''Key Symptoms'''
| style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align="center" |'''Key Symptoms'''
|-
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|style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=center | '''Catarrhal''' <br>(4-21 days)
| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align="center" | '''Catarrhal''' <br>(4-21 days)
| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |
| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align="left" |
*[[Low grade fever]]
*[[Low grade fever]]
*[[Coryza]]
*[[Coryza]]
*Mild occasional [[cough]]
*Mild occasional [[cough]]
*Apnea in infants
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=center |'''Paroxysmal''' <br>(1-10 weeks)
| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align="center" |'''Paroxysmal''' <br>(1-10 weeks)
| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |
| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align="left" |
* Paroxysms of rapid coughs with long inspiratory effort & high-pitched "whoop" at the end of the paroxysms
* Paroxysms of rapid coughs with long inspiratory effort & high-pitched "whoop" at the end of the paroxysms
:* More frequently at night, average of 15 attacks per 24 hours
:* More frequently at night
* Dyspnea
* Dyspnea
* [[Cyanosis]]
* [[Cyanosis]]
* [[Vomiting]]
* [[Vomiting]]
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=center |'''Convalescent''' <br>(4-21 days)
| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align="center" |'''Convalescent''' <br>(4-21 days)
| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |
| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align="left" |
*Persistence of paroxysmal [[cough]]s, but less frequently
*Persistence of paroxysmal [[cough]]s, but less frequently
|}
|}
===Pertussis in Adults===
*Although pertussis may manifest similarly in adults, a significant number of cases may have a atypical presentation.
*This may be attributed to the fact that the majority of adults have some form of residual immunity from their childhood vaccinations.
*Symptoms may be shorter in duration, and patients may not follow the regular stages of the illness.
*Atypical symptoms in adults include sweating attacks, syncope, and encephalopathy.<ref name="pmid12467690">{{cite journal| author=von König CH, Halperin S, Riffelmann M, Guiso N| title=Pertussis of adults and infants. | journal=Lancet Infect Dis | year= 2002 | volume= 2 | issue= 12 | pages= 744-50 | pmid=12467690 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12467690  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 14:19, 15 January 2016

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Serge Korjian M.D.; Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]; Yazan Daaboul, M.D.

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Overview

Initially, symptoms of pertussis include cough, sneezing, and runny nose. After one to two weeks, the cough changes character, and patients typically experience whooping cough, which are paroxysms of violent coughing followed by an inspiratory "whooping" sound.

Symptoms

  • The clinical course of the illness is divided into three stages: catarrhal, paroxysmal and convalescent.
  • The symptoms vary among stages with the paroxysmal stage being the most severe.
  • Pertussis is a prolonged illness that can last from a few weeks to several months.

The table below summarizes the key symptoms in each stage.[1]

Stage Key Symptoms
Catarrhal
(4-21 days)
Paroxysmal
(1-10 weeks)
  • Paroxysms of rapid coughs with long inspiratory effort & high-pitched "whoop" at the end of the paroxysms
  • More frequently at night
Convalescent
(4-21 days)
  • Persistence of paroxysmal coughs, but less frequently

Pertussis in Adults

  • Although pertussis may manifest similarly in adults, a significant number of cases may have a atypical presentation.
  • This may be attributed to the fact that the majority of adults have some form of residual immunity from their childhood vaccinations.
  • Symptoms may be shorter in duration, and patients may not follow the regular stages of the illness.
  • Atypical symptoms in adults include sweating attacks, syncope, and encephalopathy.[2]

References

  1. ↑ Pertussis Clinical Features. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016). http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/clinical/features.html. Accessed on January 14, 2016.
  2. ↑ von König CH, Halperin S, Riffelmann M, Guiso N (2002). "Pertussis of adults and infants". Lancet Infect Dis. 2 (12): 744–50. PMID 12467690.

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