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{{Breast cancer}}
{{Breast cancer}}
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==Overview==
Symptoms of breast cancer include a [[Breast lump|lump in the breast]], discharge from the nipple, and thickening of the skin.
==History==
*The medical history of a person's family may also help the doctor to diagnose breast cancer. <ref name="ss">Breast cancer. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/breast/diagnosis/?region=on Accessed on January 16, 2016</ref>
*In taking a medical history, the doctor will ask questions about:
:*A personal history of
::*Breast disease or breast cancer
::*[[Hormone replacement therapy]]
::*Previous [[radiation therapy]] to the chest
:*A [[family history]] of
::*Breast [[cancer]]
::*Other [[Cancer|cancers]], such as [[Ovarian cancer|ovarian]] and [[Colorectal cancer|colon cancer]]
:*Signs and symptoms that may suggest breast cancer
:*When was the lump first noticed?<ref name="def">Breast lumps and breast examination. patients (2015) http://patient.info/doctor/breast-lumps-and-breast-examination Accessed on January 18, 2016</ref>
:*Has it changed in size or in any other way? This includes a nipple becoming inverted.
:*Menstrual history. If she is [[Menopause|premenopausal]], when was her last menstrual period?
:*Is there any discharge from the nipple?
:*Go through the risk factors
==Symptoms==
==Symptoms==
*The first noticeable [[symptom]] of breast cancer is typically a [[breast lump|lump]] that feels different from the rest of the breast tissue. More than 80% of breast cancer cases are discovered when the woman feels a lump.<ref name="merck">{{cite web|author=[[Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy]] |date=February 2003 |title=Breast Disorders: Breast Cancer |url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/womens_health_issues/breast_disorders/breast_cancer.html |accessdate=5 February 2008}}</ref> The earliest breast cancers are detected by a [[mammogram]].<ref name="acs cancer facts 2007"/> Lumps found in lymph nodes located in the armpits<ref name="merck"/>
*[[Breast|Lump in the breast]]<ref name="ss">Breast cancer. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/breast/signs-and-symptoms/?region=on#ixzz3xScycfqv Accessed on January 16, 2016</ref>
*Thickening of the skin over the breast<ref>{{cite journal | author = Watson M | title = Assessment of suspected cancer | journal = InnoAiT | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 94–107 | year = 2008 | pmid =  | doi = 10.1093/innovait/inn001 }}</ref> 
:*[[Breast lump|The lump]] is present all the time and does not get smaller or go away with the menstrual cycle.
*Change in size or shape of the breast
:*[[Breast lump|The lump]] may feel like it is attached to the skin or chest wall and cannot be moved.
*Nipple becomes inverted
:*[[Breast lump|The lump]] may feel hard, irregular in shape and very different from the rest of the breast tissue.
*Skin puckering or dimpling
:*[[Breast lump|The lump]] may be tender, but it is usually not painful.
*Rash on or around the nipple,  
::*Pain is more often a symptom of a non-cancerous (benign) condition, but should be checked by a doctor.
*Discharge from nipple, which may be bloody
*Lump in the [[axilla]]
*Pain in part of the breast or armpit, and  
:*Sometimes small, hard lumps in the armpit may be a sign that breast cancer has spread to the lymph nodes. Although these lumps are often painless, they may be tender.
*Swelling beneath the armpit or around the collarbone.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Watson M | title = Assessment of suspected cancer | journal = InnoAiT | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 94–107 | year = 2008 | pmid =  | doi = 10.1093/innovait/inn001 }}</ref>
*Changes in [[breast]] shape or size
*Skin changes
:*The skin of the breast may become dimpled or puckered.
:*A thickening and dimpling of the skin is called orange peel skin, or ''peau d’orange''.
:*Redness, swelling and increased warmth (signs that look like an infection) may be a sign of [[inflammatory breast cancer]].
:*Itching of the breast or nipple may be a sign of [[inflammatory breast cancer]].
::*Itchiness is often not relieved by ointments, creams or other medications.
*Nipple changes
:*Some people’s nipples are always pointed inward (inverted). Normal nipples that suddenly become inverted should be checked by a doctor.
:*Discharge from the nipples can be caused by many conditions, most of which are non-cancerous (benign).
::*Discharge from one nipple may be a sign of breast cancer, especially if it appears without squeezing the nipple (is spontaneous) and is blood-stained.
*Crusting, ulcers or scaling on the nipple may be a sign of some rare types of breast cancer, such as [[Paget's disease of the nipple]].


*[[Inflammatory breast cancer]] may present with breast inflammation and may include itching, pain, swelling, nipple inversion, warmth, and redness throughout the breast, as well as an orange-peel texture to the skin referred to as ''peau d'orange''<ref name="merck"/>
==Associated Symptoms==
:*Inflammatory breast cancer doesn't present with a lump which may sometimes cause a delay in the diagnosis.
Following associated symptoms occur as cancer grows larger or spreads to other parts of the body, including other organs:
 
*[[Bone pain]]
*[[Paget's disease of the breast]] presents as skin changes resembling [[eczema]], such as redness, discoloration, or mild flaking of the nipple skin. As Paget's disease of the breast advances, symptoms may include tingling, itching, increased sensitivity, burning, and pain. There may also be discharge from the nipple. Approximately half of women diagnosed with Paget's disease of the breast also have a lump in the breast.<ref name="nci paget">{{cite web|author=[[National Cancer Institute]] |date=27 June 2005 |title=Paget's Disease of the Nipple: Questions and Answers |url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Sites-Types/pagets-breast |accessdate=6 February 2008}}</ref>
*[[Nausea and vomiting|Nausea]]
 
*[[Anorexia|Loss of appetite]]
*Occasionally, breast cancer presents as [[metastatic]] disease. The symptoms caused by [[metastatic breast cancer]] will depend on the location of metastasis. Common sites of metastasis include bone, liver, lung and brain.<ref name="pmid17158753">{{cite journal | author = Lacroix M | title = Significance, detection and markers of disseminated breast cancer cells | journal = [[Endocrine-Related Cancer]] | publisher =[[Bioscientifica]]| volume = 13 | issue = 4 | pages = 1033–67 | date = December 2006 | pmid = 17158753 | doi = 10.1677/ERC-06-0001 }}</ref> Unexplained weight loss can occasionally signal breast cancer, as can symptoms of fevers or chills. Bone or joint pains can sometimes be manifestations of metastatic breast cancer, as can jaundice or neurological symptoms.<ref name="nci metastatic">{{cite web|author=[[National Cancer Institute]] |date=1 September 2004 |title=Metastatic Cancer: Questions and Answers |url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Sites-Types/metastatic |accessdate=6 February 2008}}</ref>
*[[Weight loss]]
*[[Jaundice]]
*[[Pleural effusion]]:
:*Shortness of breath
:*[[Cough]]
*[[Headache]]
*[[Diplopia|Double vision]]
*[[Muscle weakness]]


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Hereditary cancers]]
[[Category:Hereditary cancers]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Oncology]]


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[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
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[[Category:Medicine]]
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[[Category:Surgery]]

Latest revision as of 22:46, 29 April 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mirdula Sharma, MBBS [2] Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[3]

Overview

Symptoms of breast cancer include a lump in the breast, discharge from the nipple, and thickening of the skin.

History

  • The medical history of a person's family may also help the doctor to diagnose breast cancer. [1]
  • In taking a medical history, the doctor will ask questions about:
  • A personal history of
  • Signs and symptoms that may suggest breast cancer
  • When was the lump first noticed?[2]
  • Has it changed in size or in any other way? This includes a nipple becoming inverted.
  • Menstrual history. If she is premenopausal, when was her last menstrual period?
  • Is there any discharge from the nipple?
  • Go through the risk factors

Symptoms

  • The lump is present all the time and does not get smaller or go away with the menstrual cycle.
  • The lump may feel like it is attached to the skin or chest wall and cannot be moved.
  • The lump may feel hard, irregular in shape and very different from the rest of the breast tissue.
  • The lump may be tender, but it is usually not painful.
  • Pain is more often a symptom of a non-cancerous (benign) condition, but should be checked by a doctor.
  • Sometimes small, hard lumps in the armpit may be a sign that breast cancer has spread to the lymph nodes. Although these lumps are often painless, they may be tender.
  • Changes in breast shape or size
  • Skin changes
  • The skin of the breast may become dimpled or puckered.
  • A thickening and dimpling of the skin is called orange peel skin, or peau d’orange.
  • Redness, swelling and increased warmth (signs that look like an infection) may be a sign of inflammatory breast cancer.
  • Itching of the breast or nipple may be a sign of inflammatory breast cancer.
  • Itchiness is often not relieved by ointments, creams or other medications.
  • Nipple changes
  • Some people’s nipples are always pointed inward (inverted). Normal nipples that suddenly become inverted should be checked by a doctor.
  • Discharge from the nipples can be caused by many conditions, most of which are non-cancerous (benign).
  • Discharge from one nipple may be a sign of breast cancer, especially if it appears without squeezing the nipple (is spontaneous) and is blood-stained.

Associated Symptoms

Following associated symptoms occur as cancer grows larger or spreads to other parts of the body, including other organs:

  • Shortness of breath
  • Cough

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Breast cancer. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/breast/diagnosis/?region=on Accessed on January 16, 2016
  2. ↑ Breast lumps and breast examination. patients (2015) http://patient.info/doctor/breast-lumps-and-breast-examination Accessed on January 18, 2016

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