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==Overview==
==Overview==
If left untreated, patients with osteochondroma may progress to develop  overlying bursitis, vascular compromise, and rise to malignant chondrosarcoma. Common complications of osteochondroma include fracture, osseous deformation, and growth arrest.  Prognosis is generally regarded as good after surgical excision. The recurrence rate of osteochondroma is 2%.<ref name="pmid10992031">{{cite journal |vauthors=Murphey MD, Choi JJ, Kransdorf MJ, Flemming DJ, Gannon FH |title=Imaging of osteochondroma: variants and complications with radiologic-pathologic correlation |journal=Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=1407–34 |year=2000 |pmid=10992031 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.20.5.g00se171407 |url=http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/radiographics.20.5.g00se171407?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed}}</ref>
If left untreated, patients with osteochondroma may progress to develop  overlying [[bursitis]], vascular compromise, and rise to malignant chondrosarcoma. Common complications of osteochondroma include [[fracture]], osseous deformation, and [[growth]] arrest.  Prognosis is generally regarded as good after surgical excision. The [[recurrence]] rate of osteochondroma is 2%.<ref name="pmid10992031">{{cite journal |vauthors=Murphey MD, Choi JJ, Kransdorf MJ, Flemming DJ, Gannon FH |title=Imaging of osteochondroma: variants and complications with radiologic-pathologic correlation |journal=Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=1407–34 |year=2000 |pmid=10992031 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.20.5.g00se171407 |url=http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/radiographics.20.5.g00se171407?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed}}</ref>


==Natural History==
==Natural History==
* Most patients with osteochondroma are initially asymptomatic.  
* Most patients with osteochondroma are initially asymptomatic.<ref name=“wikibook">Diagnostic Radiology: Musculoskeletal Imaging: Osteochondroma. WikiBooks.(2015)https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Diagnostic_Radiology/Musculoskeletal_Imaging/Tumors_Basic/Osteochondroma Accessed on January 28, 2016 </ref>
* If left untreated, most of the patients with osteochondroma will develop palpable lump, overlying bursitis and malignant transformation.<ref name="pmid10992031">{{cite journal |vauthors=Murphey MD, Choi JJ, Kransdorf MJ, Flemming DJ, Gannon FH |title=Imaging of osteochondroma: variants and complications with radiologic-pathologic correlation |journal=Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=1407–34 |year=2000 |pmid=10992031 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.20.5.g00se171407 |url=http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/radiographics.20.5.g00se171407?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed}}</ref>
* The symptoms of osteochondroma usually develop in the first and second decade of life, and initially patients complain of bone pain that is increased upon activity.
* If left untreated, patients with osteochondroma may develop a palpable lump, bursitis, and malignant transformation.<ref name="pmid10992031">{{cite journal |vauthors=Murphey MD, Choi JJ, Kransdorf MJ, Flemming DJ, Gannon FH |title=Imaging of osteochondroma: variants and complications with radiologic-pathologic correlation |journal=Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=1407–34 |year=2000 |pmid=10992031 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.20.5.g00se171407 |url=http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/radiographics.20.5.g00se171407?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed}}</ref>


==Complications==
==Complications==
*Common complications of osteochondroma include:
*Common complications of osteochondroma, include:<ref name="pmid17260614">{{cite journal |vauthors=Saglik Y, Altay M, Unal VS, Basarir K, Yildiz Y |title=Manifestations and management of osteochondromas: a retrospective analysis of 382 patients |journal=Acta Orthopaedica Belgica |volume=72 |issue=6 |pages=748–55 |year=2006 |pmid=17260614 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
:*Bone fracture
:*[[Bone fracture]]
:*Growth arrest
:*Growth arrest
:*Skeletal deformation
:*Osseous deformation
:*[[Pseudoaneurysm]]
:*Cosmetic deformities
:*Impingement on adjacent structures
:*Secondary arthritis


==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
* Osteochondroma prognosis is generally regarded good after surgical excision.<ref> Rathod, G., and P. Parmar. PATHOLOGY OF BONES – A BRIEF OVERVIEW. LULU Press, 2014. https://books.google.com/books?id=nFyjBgAAQBAJ.</ref>  
* Osteochondroma prognosis is generally regarded good after surgical excision.<ref> Rathod, G., and P. Parmar. PATHOLOGY OF BONES – A BRIEF OVERVIEW. LULU Press, 2014. https://books.google.com/books?id=nFyjBgAAQBAJ.</ref>  
* The overall recurrence rate after resection is 2%.<ref name="pmid10992031">{{cite journal |vauthors=Murphey MD, Choi JJ, Kransdorf MJ, Flemming DJ, Gannon FH |title=Imaging of osteochondroma: variants and complications with radiologic-pathologic correlation |journal=Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=1407–34 |year=2000 |pmid=10992031 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.20.5.g00se171407 |url=http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/radiographics.20.5.g00se171407?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed}}</ref>
* The overall recurrence rate after resection is 2%.<ref name="pmid10992031">{{cite journal |vauthors=Murphey MD, Choi JJ, Kransdorf MJ, Flemming DJ, Gannon FH |title=Imaging of osteochondroma: variants and complications with radiologic-pathologic correlation |journal=Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=1407–34 |year=2000 |pmid=10992031 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.20.5.g00se171407 |url=http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/radiographics.20.5.g00se171407?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed}}</ref>
* The prognosis for malignant transformation of osteochondroma will depend on the histological grade, such as:<ref name=“wikibook">Diagnostic Radiology: Musculoskeletal Imaging: Osteochondroma. WikiBooks.(2015)https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Diagnostic_Radiology/Musculoskeletal_Imaging/Tumors_Basic/Osteochondroma Accessed on January 28, 2016 </ref>
:* The 10-year survival rate of patients with grade I chondrosarcoma is approximately 83%
:* The 10-year survival rate of patients with grade III chondrosarcoma is approximately 29%


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 14:41, 9 February 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Overview

If left untreated, patients with osteochondroma may progress to develop overlying bursitis, vascular compromise, and rise to malignant chondrosarcoma. Common complications of osteochondroma include fracture, osseous deformation, and growth arrest. Prognosis is generally regarded as good after surgical excision. The recurrence rate of osteochondroma is 2%.[1]

Natural History

  • Most patients with osteochondroma are initially asymptomatic.[2]
  • The symptoms of osteochondroma usually develop in the first and second decade of life, and initially patients complain of bone pain that is increased upon activity.
  • If left untreated, patients with osteochondroma may develop a palpable lump, bursitis, and malignant transformation.[1]

Complications

  • Common complications of osteochondroma, include:[3]
  • Bone fracture
  • Growth arrest
  • Osseous deformation
  • Pseudoaneurysm
  • Cosmetic deformities
  • Impingement on adjacent structures
  • Secondary arthritis

Prognosis

  • Osteochondroma prognosis is generally regarded good after surgical excision.[4]
  • The overall recurrence rate after resection is 2%.[1]
  • The prognosis for malignant transformation of osteochondroma will depend on the histological grade, such as:[2]
  • The 10-year survival rate of patients with grade I chondrosarcoma is approximately 83%
  • The 10-year survival rate of patients with grade III chondrosarcoma is approximately 29%

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Murphey MD, Choi JJ, Kransdorf MJ, Flemming DJ, Gannon FH (2000). "Imaging of osteochondroma: variants and complications with radiologic-pathologic correlation". Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 20 (5): 1407–34. doi:10.1148/radiographics.20.5.g00se171407. PMID 10992031.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Diagnostic Radiology: Musculoskeletal Imaging: Osteochondroma. WikiBooks.(2015)https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Diagnostic_Radiology/Musculoskeletal_Imaging/Tumors_Basic/Osteochondroma Accessed on January 28, 2016
  3. ↑ Saglik Y, Altay M, Unal VS, Basarir K, Yildiz Y (2006). "Manifestations and management of osteochondromas: a retrospective analysis of 382 patients". Acta Orthopaedica Belgica. 72 (6): 748–55. PMID 17260614.
  4. ↑ Rathod, G., and P. Parmar. PATHOLOGY OF BONES – A BRIEF OVERVIEW. LULU Press, 2014. https://books.google.com/books?id=nFyjBgAAQBAJ.


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