Trichinosis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common | Common risk factors in the development of trichinosis disease are: consuming raw or undercooked meat, informal meat transportation, age, antimicrobial free/organic pork and hunting practices.<ref name="a">Trichinellosis. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/trichinellosis/epi.html. Accessed on January 28, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid22172230">{{cite journal| author=Murrell KD, Pozio E| title=Worldwide occurrence and impact of human trichinellosis, 1986-2009. | journal=Emerg Infect Dis | year= 2011 | volume= 17 | issue= 12 | pages= 2194-202 | pmid=22172230 | doi=10.3201/eid1712.110896 | pmc=PMC3311199 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22172230 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19136437">{{cite journal| author=Gottstein B, Pozio E, Nöckler K| title=Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of trichinellosis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2009 | volume= 22 | issue= 1 | pages= 127-45, Table of Contents | pmid=19136437 | doi=10.1128/CMR.00026-08 | pmc=PMC2620635 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19136437 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18407758">{{cite journal| author=Gebreyes WA, Bahnson PB, Funk JA, McKean J, Patchanee P| title=Seroprevalence of Trichinella, Toxoplasma, and Salmonella in antimicrobial-free and conventional swine production systems. | journal=Foodborne Pathog Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 5 | issue= 2 | pages= 199-203 | pmid=18407758 | doi=10.1089/fpd.2007.0071 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18407758 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11716113">{{cite journal| author=Owen IL, Pozio E, Tamburrini A, Danaya RT, Bruschi F, Gomez Morales MA| title=Focus of human trichinellosis in Papua New Guinea. | journal=Am J Trop Med Hyg | year= 2001 | volume= 65 | issue= 5 | pages= 553-7 | pmid=11716113 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11716113 }} </ref> | ||
==Risk factors== | ==Risk factors== | ||
Common | Common risk factors in the development of trichinosis disease are: | ||
===Consuming Raw or Undercooked Meat=== | ===Consuming Raw or Undercooked Meat=== | ||
*Particularly wild game meat or | *Particularly wild game meat or pork<ref name="a">Trichinellosis. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/trichinellosis/epi.html. Accessed on January 28, 2016</ref> | ||
*Informal or clandestine meat transportation | *Informal or clandestine meat transportation<ref name="pmid22172230">{{cite journal| author=Murrell KD, Pozio E| title=Worldwide occurrence and impact of human trichinellosis, 1986-2009. | journal=Emerg Infect Dis | year= 2011 | volume= 17 | issue= 12 | pages= 2194-202 | pmid=22172230 | doi=10.3201/eid1712.110896 | pmc=PMC3311199 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22172230 }} </ref> | ||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
*Predominance of | *Predominance of infection in adults probably results from culture-driven food behavior. Improperly cooked or prepared meat dishes may be more commonly eaten at adult-oriented events, particularly if alcohol is consumed.<ref name="pmid22172230">{{cite journal| author=Murrell KD, Pozio E| title=Worldwide occurrence and impact of human trichinellosis, 1986-2009. | journal=Emerg Infect Dis | year= 2011 | volume= 17 | issue= 12 | pages= 2194-202 | pmid=22172230 | doi=10.3201/eid1712.110896 | pmc=PMC3311199 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22172230 }} </ref> | ||
===Antimicrobial Free/Organic Pork=== | ===Antimicrobial Free/Organic Pork=== | ||
*Farmers and producers must certify the safety of the meat by using good practices.<ref name="pmid19136437">{{cite journal| author=Gottstein B, Pozio E, Nöckler K| title=Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of trichinellosis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2009 | volume= 22 | issue= 1 | pages= 127-45, Table of Contents | pmid=19136437 | doi=10.1128/CMR.00026-08 | pmc=PMC2620635 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19136437 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18407758">{{cite journal| author=Gebreyes WA, Bahnson PB, Funk JA, McKean J, Patchanee P| title=Seroprevalence of Trichinella, Toxoplasma, and Salmonella in antimicrobial-free and conventional swine production systems. | journal=Foodborne Pathog Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 5 | issue= 2 | pages= 199-203 | pmid=18407758 | doi=10.1089/fpd.2007.0071 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18407758 }} </ref> | *Farmers and producers must certify the safety of the meat by using good practices.<ref name="pmid19136437">{{cite journal| author=Gottstein B, Pozio E, Nöckler K| title=Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of trichinellosis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2009 | volume= 22 | issue= 1 | pages= 127-45, Table of Contents | pmid=19136437 | doi=10.1128/CMR.00026-08 | pmc=PMC2620635 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19136437 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18407758">{{cite journal| author=Gebreyes WA, Bahnson PB, Funk JA, McKean J, Patchanee P| title=Seroprevalence of Trichinella, Toxoplasma, and Salmonella in antimicrobial-free and conventional swine production systems. | journal=Foodborne Pathog Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 5 | issue= 2 | pages= 199-203 | pmid=18407758 | doi=10.1089/fpd.2007.0071 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18407758 }} </ref> | ||
===Hunting Practices=== | ===Hunting Practices=== | ||
*In some countries such as Papua New Guinea, hunting practices lead men to eat undercooked meat regularly. <ref name="pmid11716113">{{cite journal| author=Owen IL, Pozio E, Tamburrini A, Danaya RT, Bruschi F, Gomez Morales MA| title=Focus of human trichinellosis in Papua New Guinea. | journal=Am J Trop Med Hyg | year= 2001 | volume= 65 | issue= 5 | pages= 553-7 | pmid=11716113 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11716113 }} </ref> | *In some countries such as Papua New Guinea, hunting practices lead men to eat undercooked meat regularly.<ref name="pmid11716113">{{cite journal| author=Owen IL, Pozio E, Tamburrini A, Danaya RT, Bruschi F, Gomez Morales MA| title=Focus of human trichinellosis in Papua New Guinea. | journal=Am J Trop Med Hyg | year= 2001 | volume= 65 | issue= 5 | pages= 553-7 | pmid=11716113 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11716113 }} </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Latest revision as of 19:01, 18 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Danitza Lukac
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of trichinosis disease are: consuming raw or undercooked meat, informal meat transportation, age, antimicrobial free/organic pork and hunting practices.[1][2][3][4][5]
Risk factors
Common risk factors in the development of trichinosis disease are:
Consuming Raw or Undercooked Meat
Age
- Predominance of infection in adults probably results from culture-driven food behavior. Improperly cooked or prepared meat dishes may be more commonly eaten at adult-oriented events, particularly if alcohol is consumed.[2]
Antimicrobial Free/Organic Pork
Hunting Practices
- In some countries such as Papua New Guinea, hunting practices lead men to eat undercooked meat regularly.[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Trichinellosis. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/trichinellosis/epi.html. Accessed on January 28, 2016
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Murrell KD, Pozio E (2011). "Worldwide occurrence and impact of human trichinellosis, 1986-2009". Emerg Infect Dis. 17 (12): 2194–202. doi:10.3201/eid1712.110896. PMC 3311199. PMID 22172230.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Gottstein B, Pozio E, Nöckler K (2009). "Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of trichinellosis". Clin Microbiol Rev. 22 (1): 127–45, Table of Contents. doi:10.1128/CMR.00026-08. PMC 2620635. PMID 19136437.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Gebreyes WA, Bahnson PB, Funk JA, McKean J, Patchanee P (2008). "Seroprevalence of Trichinella, Toxoplasma, and Salmonella in antimicrobial-free and conventional swine production systems". Foodborne Pathog Dis. 5 (2): 199–203. doi:10.1089/fpd.2007.0071. PMID 18407758.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Owen IL, Pozio E, Tamburrini A, Danaya RT, Bruschi F, Gomez Morales MA (2001). "Focus of human trichinellosis in Papua New Guinea". Am J Trop Med Hyg. 65 (5): 553–7. PMID 11716113.