Cystitis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Cystitis}} | {{Cystitis}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Maliha}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Maliha}}, {{USAMA}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Urinary tract infection|Urinary tract infections]] are found more frequently in women than in men. It is estimated that more than 30% of women will experience at least one episode of cystitis. Of these 30%, 20% women will have recurrent cystitis. The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of uncomplicated cystitis is approximately zero. Females are more commonly affected with cystitis than males. The female to male ratio is 4 to 1. Acute uncomplicated cystitis commonly affects women ages 18-39 years. There is no racial predilection to cystitis. Cystitis is a common disease that affect everyone, mostly women, worldwide. | |||
==Epidemiology== | |||
===Incidence=== | |||
* It is estimated that one third of the women population has at least one episode of [[cystitis]] in their lifetime. Of these many will have recurrent cystitis. | |||
*81% of the total [[Urinary tract infection|UTIs]] in the world occur in women. | |||
*27% of women with an episode of [[UTI]] have another episode within the next 6 months while 48% within the next 12 months.<ref name="pmid9606306">{{cite journal| author=Kurowski K| title=The woman with dysuria. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 1998 | volume= 57 | issue= 9 | pages= 2155-64, 2169-70 | pmid=9606306 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9606306 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21349630">{{cite journal| author=Salvatore S, Salvatore S, Cattoni E, Siesto G, Serati M, Sorice P et al.| title=Urinary tract infections in women. | journal=Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol | year= 2011 | volume= 156 | issue= 2 | pages= 131-6 | pmid=21349630 | doi=10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.01.028 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21349630 }} </ref> | |||
*More than 7 million uncomplicated [[UTI]]s occur in the US per year.<ref name="pmid11171002">{{cite journal| author=Stamm WE, Norrby SR| title=Urinary tract infections: disease panorama and challenges. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 2001 | volume= 183 Suppl 1 | issue= | pages= S1-4 | pmid=11171002 | doi=10.1086/318850 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11171002 }} </ref> | |||
*Sexually active women are known to have a higher incidence of [[UTI]]s than women of other categories. | |||
*The incidence of cystitis in women is 5-7 per year per 100,000 while that in same age men is 50-80 per 100000.<ref name="pmid8672152">{{cite journal| author=Hooton TM, Scholes D, Hughes JP, Winter C, Roberts PL, Stapleton AE et al.| title=A prospective study of risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infection in young women. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1996 | volume= 335 | issue= 7 | pages= 468-74 | pmid=8672152 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199608153350703 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8672152 }} </ref><ref name="pmid8483206">{{cite journal| author=Krieger JN, Ross SO, Simonsen JM| title=Urinary tract infections in healthy university men. | journal=J Urol | year= 1993 | volume= 149 | issue= 5 | pages= 1046-8 | pmid=8483206 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8483206 }} </ref> | |||
*The incidence of [[UTI]] is higher in sexually active women than postmenopausal women.<ref>Jackson, Sara L., et al. "Predictors of urinary tract infection after menopause: a prospective study." The American journal of medicine 117.12 (2004): 903-911.</ref><ref name="pmid22417256">{{cite journal| author=Hooton TM| title=Clinical practice. Uncomplicated urinary tract infection. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2012 | volume= 366 | issue= 11 | pages= 1028-37 | pmid=22417256 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1104429 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22417256 }} </ref><ref name="pmid8672152">{{cite journal| author=Hooton TM, Scholes D, Hughes JP, Winter C, Roberts PL, Stapleton AE et al.| title=A prospective study of risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infection in young women. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1996 | volume= 335 | issue= 7 | pages= 468-74 | pmid=8672152 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199608153350703 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8672152 }} </ref> | |||
*There is a higher incidence of [[urinary tract infection]] in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]], elderly, [[diabetic]], and individuals with indwelling [[catheters]].<ref>Nicolle, Lindsay E., et al. "Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults." Clinical Infectious Diseases (2005): 643-654.</ref><ref name="pmid21404794">{{cite journal| author=Woodford HJ, George J| title=Diagnosis and management of urinary infections in older people. | journal=Clin Med (Lond) | year= 2011 | volume= 11 | issue= 1 | pages= 80-3 | pmid=21404794 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21404794 }} </ref> | |||
===Prevalence=== | ===Prevalence=== | ||
*Almost 30% of the women will experience at least one episode of [[cystitis]] during their life span. Of these 30%, 20% of these women will have recurrent [[cystitis]].<ref name="pmid9606306">{{cite journal| author=Kurowski K| title=The woman with dysuria. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 1998 | volume= 57 | issue= 9 | pages= 2155-64, 2169-70 | pmid=9606306 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9606306 }} </ref> | |||
=== Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate === | |||
* The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of uncomplicated cystitis is approximately zero.<ref name="pmid10714907">{{cite journal |vauthors=Molander U, Arvidsson L, Milsom I, Sandberg T |title=A longitudinal cohort study of elderly women with urinary tract infections |journal=Maturitas |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=127–31 |date=February 2000 |pmid=10714907 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
===Gender=== | * Acute uncomplicated cystitis commonly affects women ages 18-39 years.<ref name="pmid15206056">{{cite journal| author=Hooton TM, Besser R, Foxman B, Fritsche TR, Nicolle LE| title=Acute uncomplicated cystitis in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance: a proposed approach to empirical therapy. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 39 | issue= 1 | pages= 75-80 | pmid=15206056 | doi=10.1086/422145 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15206056 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11171002" /><ref name="pmid21782079">{{cite journal| author=Bhat RG, Katy TA, Place FC| title=Pediatric urinary tract infections. | journal=Emerg Med Clin North Am | year= 2011 | volume= 29 | issue= 3 | pages= 637-53 | pmid=21782079 | doi=10.1016/j.emc.2011.04.004 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21782079 }} </ref> | ||
* [[Urinary tract infection|UTIs]] are less frequent in 2-13 years old girls. | |||
* [[Urinary tract infection|Urinary tract infections]] can rarely occur in boys in the first year after birth in the presence of a structural defect or due to lack of circumcision. | |||
===Race=== | |||
* There is no racial predilection to cystitis. | |||
=== Gender === | |||
* Females are more commonly affected with [[cystitis]] than males. The female to male ratio is 4 to 1.<ref name="pmid22010614">{{cite journal| author=Colgan R, Williams M| title=Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2011 | volume= 84 | issue= 7 | pages= 771-6 | pmid=22010614 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22010614 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27780014">{{cite journal| author=Geerlings SE| title=Clinical Presentations and Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infections. | journal=Microbiol Spectr | year= 2016 | volume= 4 | issue= 5 | pages= | pmid=27780014 | doi=10.1128/microbiolspec.UTI-0002-2012 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27780014 }} </ref> | |||
=== Region === | |||
* Cystitis is a common disease that affect everyone, mostly women, worldwide. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Medicine]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Infectious disease]] | ||
[[Category:Nephrology]] | [[Category:Nephrology]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Urology]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:12, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2], Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3]
Overview
Urinary tract infections are found more frequently in women than in men. It is estimated that more than 30% of women will experience at least one episode of cystitis. Of these 30%, 20% women will have recurrent cystitis. The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of uncomplicated cystitis is approximately zero. Females are more commonly affected with cystitis than males. The female to male ratio is 4 to 1. Acute uncomplicated cystitis commonly affects women ages 18-39 years. There is no racial predilection to cystitis. Cystitis is a common disease that affect everyone, mostly women, worldwide.
Epidemiology
Incidence
- It is estimated that one third of the women population has at least one episode of cystitis in their lifetime. Of these many will have recurrent cystitis.
- 81% of the total UTIs in the world occur in women.
- 27% of women with an episode of UTI have another episode within the next 6 months while 48% within the next 12 months.[1][2]
- More than 7 million uncomplicated UTIs occur in the US per year.[3]
- Sexually active women are known to have a higher incidence of UTIs than women of other categories.
- The incidence of cystitis in women is 5-7 per year per 100,000 while that in same age men is 50-80 per 100000.[4][5]
- The incidence of UTI is higher in sexually active women than postmenopausal women.[6][7][4]
- There is a higher incidence of urinary tract infection in immunocompromised, elderly, diabetic, and individuals with indwelling catheters.[8][9]
Prevalence
- Almost 30% of the women will experience at least one episode of cystitis during their life span. Of these 30%, 20% of these women will have recurrent cystitis.[1]
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of uncomplicated cystitis is approximately zero.[10]
Age
- Acute uncomplicated cystitis commonly affects women ages 18-39 years.[11][3][12]
- UTIs are less frequent in 2-13 years old girls.
- Urinary tract infections can rarely occur in boys in the first year after birth in the presence of a structural defect or due to lack of circumcision.
Race
- There is no racial predilection to cystitis.
Gender
- Females are more commonly affected with cystitis than males. The female to male ratio is 4 to 1.[13][14]
Region
- Cystitis is a common disease that affect everyone, mostly women, worldwide.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kurowski K (1998). "The woman with dysuria". Am Fam Physician. 57 (9): 2155–64, 2169–70. PMID 9606306.
- ↑ Salvatore S, Salvatore S, Cattoni E, Siesto G, Serati M, Sorice P; et al. (2011). "Urinary tract infections in women". Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 156 (2): 131–6. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.01.028. PMID 21349630.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Stamm WE, Norrby SR (2001). "Urinary tract infections: disease panorama and challenges". J Infect Dis. 183 Suppl 1: S1–4. doi:10.1086/318850. PMID 11171002.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hooton TM, Scholes D, Hughes JP, Winter C, Roberts PL, Stapleton AE; et al. (1996). "A prospective study of risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infection in young women". N Engl J Med. 335 (7): 468–74. doi:10.1056/NEJM199608153350703. PMID 8672152.
- ↑ Krieger JN, Ross SO, Simonsen JM (1993). "Urinary tract infections in healthy university men". J Urol. 149 (5): 1046–8. PMID 8483206.
- ↑ Jackson, Sara L., et al. "Predictors of urinary tract infection after menopause: a prospective study." The American journal of medicine 117.12 (2004): 903-911.
- ↑ Hooton TM (2012). "Clinical practice. Uncomplicated urinary tract infection". N Engl J Med. 366 (11): 1028–37. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1104429. PMID 22417256.
- ↑ Nicolle, Lindsay E., et al. "Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults." Clinical Infectious Diseases (2005): 643-654.
- ↑ Woodford HJ, George J (2011). "Diagnosis and management of urinary infections in older people". Clin Med (Lond). 11 (1): 80–3. PMID 21404794.
- ↑ Molander U, Arvidsson L, Milsom I, Sandberg T (February 2000). "A longitudinal cohort study of elderly women with urinary tract infections". Maturitas. 34 (2): 127–31. PMID 10714907.
- ↑ Hooton TM, Besser R, Foxman B, Fritsche TR, Nicolle LE (2004). "Acute uncomplicated cystitis in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance: a proposed approach to empirical therapy". Clin Infect Dis. 39 (1): 75–80. doi:10.1086/422145. PMID 15206056.
- ↑ Bhat RG, Katy TA, Place FC (2011). "Pediatric urinary tract infections". Emerg Med Clin North Am. 29 (3): 637–53. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2011.04.004. PMID 21782079.
- ↑ Colgan R, Williams M (2011). "Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis". Am Fam Physician. 84 (7): 771–6. PMID 22010614.
- ↑ Geerlings SE (2016). "Clinical Presentations and Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infections". Microbiol Spectr. 4 (5). doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.UTI-0002-2012. PMID 27780014.