Aortic dissection causes: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Atherosclerosis]] and [[hypertension]] are associated with spontaneous aortic dissection, while [[blunt trauma]] and [[whiplash (medicine)|sudden deceleration]] in a [[motor vehicle accident]] are major causes of traumatic [[aortic]] dissection.
[[Atherosclerosis]] and [[hypertension]] are associated with spontaneous aortic dissection, while [[blunt trauma]] and [[whiplash (medicine)|sudden deceleration]] in a [[motor vehicle accident]] are major causes of traumatic [[aortic]] dissection.
==Causes==
==Causes==
===Life Threatening Causes===
Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes.  Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
The most common causes of aortic dissection include:<ref name="pmid25805614">{{cite journal |vauthors=Penn JL, Martindale JL, Milne LW, Marill KA |title=Aortic dissection associated with blunt chest trauma diagnosed by elevated D-dimer |journal=Int J Surg Case Rep |volume=10 |issue= |pages=76–9 |date=2015 |pmid=25805614 |pmc=4429846 |doi=10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.03.027 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15121626">{{cite journal| author=Weissmann-Brenner A, Schoen R, Divon MY| title=Aortic dissection in pregnancy. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 2004 | volume= 103 | issue= 5 Pt 2 | pages= 1110-3 | pmid=15121626 | doi=10.1097/01.AOG.0000124984.82336.43 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15121626  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22829842">{{cite journal| author=Brooke V, Goswami S, Mohanty A, Kasi PM| title=Aortic dissection and renal failure in a patient with severe hypothyroidism. | journal=Case Rep Med | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 842562 | pmid=22829842 | doi=10.1155/2012/842562 | pmc=PMC3399550 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22829842  }} </ref><ref name="pmid2062514">{{cite journal| author=| title=Classification of diabetic retinopathy from fluorescein angiograms. ETDRS report number 11. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. | journal=Ophthalmology | year= 1991 | volume= 98 | issue= 5 Suppl | pages= 807-22 | pmid=2062514 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2062514  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23401778">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cury M, Zeidan F, Lobato AC |title=Aortic disease in the young: genetic aneurysm syndromes, connective tissue disorders, and familial aortic aneurysms and dissections |journal=Int J Vasc Med |volume=2013 |issue= |pages=267215 |date=2013 |pmid=23401778 |pmc=3557640 |doi=10.1155/2013/267215 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Atherosclerosis]]
*[[Atherosclerosis]]
*[[Chest trauma]]
*[[Chest trauma]]
*[[Chronic hypertension]] <ref name="pmid15121626">{{cite journal| author=Weissmann-Brenner A, Schoen R, Divon MY| title=Aortic dissection in pregnancy. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 2004 | volume= 103 | issue= 5 Pt 2 | pages= 1110-3 | pmid=15121626 | doi=10.1097/01.AOG.0000124984.82336.43 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15121626  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22829842">{{cite journal| author=Brooke V, Goswami S, Mohanty A, Kasi PM| title=Aortic dissection and renal failure in a patient with severe hypothyroidism. | journal=Case Rep Med | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 842562 | pmid=22829842 | doi=10.1155/2012/842562 | pmc=PMC3399550 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22829842  }} </ref>
*[[Chronic hypertension]]  
*[[Iatrogenic|Complication of cardiac procedures]]
*[[Iatrogenic|Complication of cardiac procedures]]
*[[Connective tissue disorders]]
*[[Connective tissue disorders]]
*[[Vasculitis]]<ref name="pmid2062514">{{cite journal| author=| title=Classification of diabetic retinopathy from fluorescein angiograms. ETDRS report number 11. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. | journal=Ophthalmology | year= 1991 | volume= 98 | issue= 5 Suppl | pages= 807-22 | pmid=2062514 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2062514  }} </ref>
*[[Vasculitis]]
 
===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
*Causes of aortic dissection include:<ref name="LarsonEdwards1984">{{cite journal|last1=Larson|first1=Eric W.|last2=Edwards|first2=William D.|title=Risk factors for aortic dissection: A necropsy study of 161 cases|journal=The American Journal of Cardiology|volume=53|issue=6|year=1984|pages=849–855|issn=00029149|doi=10.1016/0002-9149(84)90418-1}}</ref><ref name="JanuzziIsselbacher2004">{{cite journal|last1=Januzzi|first1=James L|last2=Isselbacher|first2=Eric M|last3=Fattori|first3=Rossella|last4=Cooper|first4=Jeanna V|last5=Smith|first5=Dean E|last6=Fang|first6=Jianming|last7=Eagle|first7=Kim A|last8=Mehta|first8=Rajendra H|last9=Nienaber|first9=Christoph A|last10=Pape|first10=Linda A|title=Characterizing the young patient with aortic dissection: results from the international registry of aortic dissection (IRAD)|journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology|volume=43|issue=4|year=2004|pages=665–669|issn=07351097|doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2003.08.054}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Correspondence|journal=The Annals of Thoracic Surgery|volume=67|issue=2|year=1999|pages=593|issn=00034975|doi=10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00037-5}}</ref><ref name="LosennoGoodman2012">{{cite journal|last1=Losenno|first1=Katie L.|last2=Goodman|first2=Robert L.|last3=Chu|first3=Michael W. A.|title=Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease and Ascending Aortic Aneurysms: Gaps in Knowledge|journal=Cardiology Research and Practice|volume=2012|year=2012|pages=1–16|issn=2090-8016|doi=10.1155/2012/145202}}</ref><ref name="pmid25743550">{{cite journal |vauthors=Senaha S, Uezu T, Shimoji M, Akasaki M |title=[Stanford type B aortic dissection associated with coarctation of the aorta] |language=Japanese |journal=Kyobu Geka |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=184–7 |date=March 2015 |pmid=25743550 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7826227">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dioguardi GS, Pimenta J, Knoplich J, Ghorayeb N, Ramos LR, Giannini SD |title=[Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in physicians. Preliminary data from the VIDAM Project of the Paulista Medical Association] |language=Portuguese |journal=Arq. Bras. Cardiol. |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=383–8 |date=June 1994 |pmid=7826227 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="CaglayanDundar2009">{{cite journal|last1=Caglayan|first1=Ahmet Okay|last2=Dundar|first2=Munis|title=Inherited diseases and syndromes leading to aortic aneurysms and dissections|journal=European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery|volume=35|issue=6|year=2009|pages=931–940|issn=10107940|doi=10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.01.006}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Acute aortic dissection: pathogenesis, risk factors and diagnosis|journal=Swiss Medical Weekly|volume=147|issue=3334|year=2017|issn=1424-7860|doi=10.4414/smw.2017.14489}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=PubMed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17055808&ordinalpos=2&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Increased maternal cardiovascular mortality associated with pregnancy in women with Turner syndrome.]</ref>
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*For more information on potential [[risk factors]] for the development of aortic dissection [[Aortic dissection risk factors|click here]].
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|3|
*[[HIV AIDS natural history, complications, and prognosis|AIDS]]<ref name="Shen-2012">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Shen | first1 = YZ. | last2 = Song | first2 = W. | last3 = Lu | first3 = HZ. | title = Type I aortic dissection in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | journal = Biosci Trends | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 143-6 | month = Jun | year = 2012 | doi =  | PMID = 22890163 }}</ref>
*[[Loeys-Dietz syndrome|Aneurysms osteoarthritis syndrome]]
*[[Annuloaortic ectasia]]
*[[Aortic valve replacement|Aortic valve replacement surgery]]<ref name="Mohr-1998">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Mohr | first1 = FW. | last2 = Falk | first2 = V. | last3 = Diegeler | first3 = A. | last4 = Walther | first4 = T. | last5 = van Son | first5 = JA. | last6 = Autschbach | first6 = R. | title = Minimally invasive port-access mitral valve surgery. | journal = J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg | volume = 115 | issue = 3 | pages = 567-74; discussion 574-6 | month = Mar | year = 1998 | doi =  | PMID = 9535444 }}</ref>
*[[Aortitis]]
*[[Arteritis]]
*[[Atherosclerosis]]
*[[Behçet's disease]]
*[[Bicuspid aortic valve]] <ref name="pmid24217212">{{cite journal| author=Akgullu C, Hekim T, Eryilmaz U, Kurtoğlu T, Gürcün U| title=Spontaneous retrograde dissection of the ascending aorta in a patient with a bicuspid aortic valve. | journal=Cardiovasc J Afr | year= 2013 | volume= 24 | issue= 5 | pages= e8-10 | pmid=24217212 | doi=10.5830/CVJA-2013-036 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24217212  }} </ref>
*[[Cardiac catheterization]]
*[[Chest trauma]]
*[[Chronic hypertension]]
*[[Cocaine abuse]]
*[[Connective tissue disorders]]
*[[Coronary artery bypass graft surgery]]
*[[Cushing's syndrome]]
*[[Whiplash (medicine)|Deceleration injuries]]
*[[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]] <ref name="pmid21240585">{{cite journal| author=Jänisch S, Turmanov N, Albrecht UV, Fieguth A, Günther D| title=[Aortic dissection - a not so rare disease]. | journal=Med Klin (Munich) | year= 2010 | volume= 105 | issue= 12 | pages= 871-5 | pmid=21240585 | doi=10.1007/s00063-010-1151-2 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21240585  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21549076">{{cite journal| author=Morais P, Mota A, Eloy C, Lopes JM, Torres F, Palmeiro A et al.| title=Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a case with fatal outcome. | journal=Dermatol Online J | year= 2011 | volume= 17 | issue= 4 | pages= 1 | pmid=21549076 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21549076  }} </ref>
*[[Erdheim's cystic medial necrosis]]
*[[Familial aortic dissection]]<ref name="Arbustini-2012">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Arbustini | first1 = E. | last2 = Narula | first2 = N. | title = Extra-aortic identifiers to guide genetic testing in familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections syndromes: it is all about the company one keeps. | journal = J Am Coll Cardiol | volume = 60 | issue = 5 | pages = 404-7 | month = Jul | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.03.032 | PMID = 22633652 }}</ref>
*[[Fibromuscular dysplasia]]
*[[Stent#Stent Graft|Implantation of stent graft]]<ref name="Angouras-2002">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Angouras | first1 = DC. | last2 = Michler | first2 = RE. | title = An alternative surgical approach to facilitate minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. | journal = Ann Thorac Surg | volume = 73 | issue = 2 | pages = 673-4 | month = Feb | year = 2002 | doi =  | PMID = 11845906 }}</ref>
*[[Intra-aortic balloon pump#Monitoring for Complications|Intra-aortic balloon pump]]
*[[Giant cell arteritis]]
*[[Exercise|Heavy exercise]]
*[[Homocystinuria]]
*[[Idiopathic]]
*[[Loeys-Dietz syndrome]] <ref name="pmid21240585">{{cite journal| author=Jänisch S, Turmanov N, Albrecht UV, Fieguth A, Günther D| title=[Aortic dissection - a not so rare disease]. | journal=Med Klin (Munich) | year= 2010 | volume= 105 | issue= 12 | pages= 871-5 | pmid=21240585 | doi=10.1007/s00063-010-1151-2 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21240585  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24495977">{{cite journal| author=Martin CA, Clowes VE, Cooper JP| title=Loeys-Dietz syndrome: life threatening aortic dissection diagnosed on routine family screening. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2014 | volume= 2014 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=24495977 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2013-203063 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24495977  }} </ref>
*[[Marfan syndrome]] <ref name="pmid21240585">{{cite journal| author=Jänisch S, Turmanov N, Albrecht UV, Fieguth A, Günther D| title=[Aortic dissection - a not so rare disease]. | journal=Med Klin (Munich) | year= 2010 | volume= 105 | issue= 12 | pages= 871-5 | pmid=21240585 | doi=10.1007/s00063-010-1151-2 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21240585  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23877551">{{cite journal| author=Di Eusanio M, Berretta P, Folesani G, Di Bartolomeo R| title=[Aortic disease in Marfan syndrome: current role of surgery and thoracic endovascular aortic repair]. | journal=G Ital Cardiol (Rome) | year= 2013 | volume= 14 | issue= 7-8 | pages= 538-47 | pmid=23877551 | doi=10.1714/1308.14462 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23877551  }} </ref>
*[[Methonium]]<ref name="-1956">{{Cite journal  | title = GANGLION-BLOCKING drugs and dissection of the aorta. | journal = Br Med J | volume = 1 | issue = 4981 | pages = 1473-4 | month = Jun | year = 1956 | doi =  | PMID = 13316190 }}</ref>
*[[Mitral valve replacement#Postoperative Complications/ Risks|Mitral valve replacement surgery]]
*[[Motor vehicle accident]]
*[[Loeys-Dietz syndrome|Mutation of TGF-β receptor genes]]<ref name="Choi-2012">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Choi | first1 = JC. | last2 = LeMaire | first2 = SA. | title = Thoracic aortic dissection: genes, molecules, and the knife. | journal = Tex Heart Inst J | volume = 39 | issue = 6 | pages = 838-9 | month =  | year = 2012 | doi =  | PMID = 23304027 }}</ref>
*[[Familial aortic dissection|Mutations in genes encoding α-actin and β-myosin]]<ref name="Choi-2012">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Choi | first1 = JC. | last2 = LeMaire | first2 = SA. | title = Thoracic aortic dissection: genes, molecules, and the knife. | journal = Tex Heart Inst J | volume = 39 | issue = 6 | pages = 838-9 | month =  | year = 2012 | doi =  | PMID = 23304027 }}</ref>
*[[Loeys-Dietz syndrome|Mutations in SMAD3]]<ref name="Choi-2012">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Choi | first1 = JC. | last2 = LeMaire | first2 = SA. | title = Thoracic aortic dissection: genes, molecules, and the knife. | journal = Tex Heart Inst J | volume = 39 | issue = 6 | pages = 838-9 | month =  | year = 2012 | doi =  | PMID = 23304027 }}</ref>
*[[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome|Mutations in the gene encoding filamin A]]<ref name="Choi-2012">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Choi | first1 = JC. | last2 = LeMaire | first2 = SA. | title = Thoracic aortic dissection: genes, molecules, and the knife. | journal = Tex Heart Inst J | volume = 39 | issue = 6 | pages = 838-9 | month =  | year = 2012 | doi =  | PMID = 23304027 }}</ref>
*[[Noonan syndrome]]
*[[Osteogenesis imperfecta]]
*[[Polycystic kidney disease]]<ref name="Gignon-2011">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Gignon | first1 = M. | last2 = Defouilloy | first2 = C. | last3 = Montpellier | first3 = D. | last4 = Chatelain | first4 = D. | last5 = Traulle | first5 = S. | last6 = Ammirati | first6 = C. | last7 = Jarde | first7 = O. | last8 = Manaouil | first8 = C. | title = Sudden death caused by aortic dissection in a patient with polycystic kidney disease. | journal = Genet Couns | volume = 22 | issue = 4 | pages = 333-9 | month =  | year = 2011 | doi =  | PMID = 22303792 }}</ref>
*[[Pseudoxanthoma elasticum]]
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
*[[aberrant subclavian artery|Ruptured aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery]] <ref name="pmid25324268">{{cite journal| author=Mavroudis CD, Copelan A, Sokhandon F, Altshuler J| title=Hybrid repair of a ruptured right-sided aortic arch with an aberrant left subclavian artery arising from a diverticulum of Kommerell: a case report. | journal=World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 5 | issue= 4 | pages= 623-6 | pmid=25324268 | doi=10.1177/2150135114544754 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25324268  }} </ref>
*[[Scleroderma]]
*[[Seat belt aorta]] <ref name="pmid21684701">{{cite journal| author=Hornez E, Bourgouin S, Baudoin Y, Prunet B, Monchal T, Schlienger G et al.| title=[Management of seat-belt aorta in severe polytrauma: a review]. | journal=J Mal Vasc | year= 2011 | volume= 36 | issue= 4 | pages= 237-42 | pmid=21684701 | doi=10.1016/j.jmv.2011.05.002 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21684701  }} </ref>
*[[Aortic coarctation surgery#Surgical Complications|Surgical correction of aortic coarctation]]
*[[Syphilitic aortitis]]
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Takayasu arteritis]]
*[[Turner syndrome]] <ref name="pmid20396914">{{cite journal| author=Pleskacova J, Rucklova K, Popelova J, Cerny S, Syrucek M, Snajderova M et al.| title=Aortic dissection and rupture in a 16-year-old girl with Turner syndrome following previous progression of aortic dilation. | journal=Eur J Pediatr | year= 2010 | volume= 169 | issue= 10 | pages= 1283-6 | pmid=20396914 | doi=10.1007/s00431-010-1197-4 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20396914  }} </ref>
}}
 
== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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{{WS}}
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[[CME Category::Cardiology]]
[[CME Category::Cardiology]]
[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]]
[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]

Latest revision as of 20:58, 12 December 2019

Aortic dissection Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

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Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Aortic dissection from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

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Treatment

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Special Scenarios

Management during Pregnancy

Case Studies

Case #1


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [2] Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[3]

Overview

Atherosclerosis and hypertension are associated with spontaneous aortic dissection, while blunt trauma and sudden deceleration in a motor vehicle accident are major causes of traumatic aortic dissection.

Causes

Common Causes

The most common causes of aortic dissection include:[1][2][3][4][5]

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Atherosclerosis, bicuspid aortic valve, hypertension, malignant hypertension, ruptured aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery, seat belt aorta, vasculitis
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Methonium
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Cushing's syndrome
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic Aneurysms osteoarthritis syndrome, annuloaortic ectasia, bicuspid aortic valve, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Erdheim's cystic medial necrosis, familial aortic dissection, fibromuscular dysplasia, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, Marfan syndrome, mutation of TGF-β receptor genes, mutations in genes encoding α-actin and β-myosin, mutations in SMAD3, mutations in the gene encoding filamin A, Noonan syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Turner syndrome
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic Aortic valve replacement surgery, cardiac catheterization, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, implantation of stent graft, intra-aortic balloon pump, mitral valve replacement surgery, surgical correction of aortic coarctation
Infectious Disease AIDS, annuloaortic ectasia, aortitis, syphilitic aortitis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic Homocystinuria
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity Cocaine abuse
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte Polycystic kidney disease
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Aortitis, arteritis, Behçet's disease, giant cell arteritis, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, Takayasu arteritis, vasculitis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Chest trauma, deceleration injuries, motor vehicle accident, seat belt aorta
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Connective tissue disorders, heavy exercise, idiopathic

References

  1. ↑ Penn JL, Martindale JL, Milne LW, Marill KA (2015). "Aortic dissection associated with blunt chest trauma diagnosed by elevated D-dimer". Int J Surg Case Rep. 10: 76–9. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.03.027. PMC 4429846. PMID 25805614.
  2. ↑ Weissmann-Brenner A, Schoen R, Divon MY (2004). "Aortic dissection in pregnancy". Obstet Gynecol. 103 (5 Pt 2): 1110–3. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000124984.82336.43. PMID 15121626.
  3. ↑ Brooke V, Goswami S, Mohanty A, Kasi PM (2012). "Aortic dissection and renal failure in a patient with severe hypothyroidism". Case Rep Med. 2012: 842562. doi:10.1155/2012/842562. PMC 3399550. PMID 22829842.
  4. ↑ "Classification of diabetic retinopathy from fluorescein angiograms. ETDRS report number 11. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group". Ophthalmology. 98 (5 Suppl): 807–22. 1991. PMID 2062514.
  5. ↑ Cury M, Zeidan F, Lobato AC (2013). "Aortic disease in the young: genetic aneurysm syndromes, connective tissue disorders, and familial aortic aneurysms and dissections". Int J Vasc Med. 2013: 267215. doi:10.1155/2013/267215. PMC 3557640. PMID 23401778.
  6. ↑ Larson, Eric W.; Edwards, William D. (1984). "Risk factors for aortic dissection: A necropsy study of 161 cases". The American Journal of Cardiology. 53 (6): 849–855. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(84)90418-1. ISSN 0002-9149.
  7. ↑ Januzzi, James L; Isselbacher, Eric M; Fattori, Rossella; Cooper, Jeanna V; Smith, Dean E; Fang, Jianming; Eagle, Kim A; Mehta, Rajendra H; Nienaber, Christoph A; Pape, Linda A (2004). "Characterizing the young patient with aortic dissection: results from the international registry of aortic dissection (IRAD)". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 43 (4): 665–669. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.08.054. ISSN 0735-1097.
  8. ↑ "Correspondence". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 67 (2): 593. 1999. doi:10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00037-5. ISSN 0003-4975.
  9. ↑ Losenno, Katie L.; Goodman, Robert L.; Chu, Michael W. A. (2012). "Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease and Ascending Aortic Aneurysms: Gaps in Knowledge". Cardiology Research and Practice. 2012: 1–16. doi:10.1155/2012/145202. ISSN 2090-8016.
  10. ↑ Senaha S, Uezu T, Shimoji M, Akasaki M (March 2015). "[Stanford type B aortic dissection associated with coarctation of the aorta]". Kyobu Geka (in Japanese). 68 (3): 184–7. PMID 25743550.
  11. ↑ Dioguardi GS, Pimenta J, Knoplich J, Ghorayeb N, Ramos LR, Giannini SD (June 1994). "[Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in physicians. Preliminary data from the VIDAM Project of the Paulista Medical Association]". Arq. Bras. Cardiol. (in Portuguese). 62 (6): 383–8. PMID 7826227.
  12. ↑ Caglayan, Ahmet Okay; Dundar, Munis (2009). "Inherited diseases and syndromes leading to aortic aneurysms and dissections". European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 35 (6): 931–940. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.01.006. ISSN 1010-7940.
  13. ↑ "Acute aortic dissection: pathogenesis, risk factors and diagnosis". Swiss Medical Weekly. 147 (3334). 2017. doi:10.4414/smw.2017.14489. ISSN 1424-7860.
  14. ↑ Increased maternal cardiovascular mortality associated with pregnancy in women with Turner syndrome.

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