Retinitis laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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{{Retinitis}} | {{Retinitis}} | ||
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{IMD}} | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Due to the variability of causes associated with retinitis, there are a variety of tests available to [[diagnose]] the underlying cause. [[Genetic defects]] such as retinitis pigmentosa is primarily [[Diagnosis|diagnosed]] with an [[electroretinogram]].<ref name="US GEN">Retinitis Pigmentosa. American Academy of Ophthamology. http://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/retinitis-pigmentosa-diagnosis</ref> | |||
Other underlying causes may be distinguished using a variety of testing procedures. These procedures are usually directly associated with the [[Hypothesis|hypothesized]] condition causing retinitis. Many of the underlying conditions may range from [[fungal]] to [[bacterial]] and thus are tested accordingly.<ref name="ret phys">Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016. </ref> | |||
==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
===Genetic=== | |||
====Retinitis Pigmentosa==== | ====Retinitis Pigmentosa==== | ||
<ref name="US GEN">Retinitis Pigmentosa. | *[[Electroretinogram]]<ref name="US GEN">Retinitis Pigmentosa. American Academy of Ophthamology. http://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/retinitis-pigmentosa-diagnosis</ref> | ||
===Infectious Agents=== | ===Infectious Agents=== | ||
====Cytomegalovirus==== | ====Cytomegalovirus==== | ||
*[[Polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) testing in particular regions | |||
<ref name= "ret phys"> Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016. </ref> | *Usually detectable in blood and other [[bodily fluids]]<ref name="ret phys">Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016. </ref> | ||
====Tuberculosis==== | ====Tuberculosis==== | ||
*Positive purified derivative skin testing | |||
*[[Interferon-gamma]] release assay (QuantiFERON Gold TB Test) | |||
*Isolation of [[acid-fast bacilli]]<ref name="ret phys">Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016. </ref> | |||
<ref name= "ret phys"> Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016. </ref> | |||
====Fungal==== | ====Fungal==== | ||
*Testing methods for identification of a [[Fungal|fungal infectious]] agent largely depend on microscopic examination of infected area. | |||
*Localized infections may display [[hyphae]] and typically, easily identifiable [[lesions]].<ref name="ret phys">Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016. </ref> | |||
<ref name= "ret phys"> Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016. </ref> | |||
====Toxoplasmosis==== | ====Toxoplasmosis==== | ||
* | *[[Serological testing]] (ELISA)<ref name="ret phys">Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016. </ref> | ||
====Syphilis==== | ====Syphilis==== | ||
* | *Serological testing | ||
*Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) testing | *[[Rapid plasma reagin]] (RPR) testing | ||
*Fluorescent treponemal antibody | *[[Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorbtion (FTA-ABS) test|Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorbtion testing (FTA-ABS)]]<ref name="ret phys">Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016. </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Ophthalmology]] | [[Category:Ophthalmology]] | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:36, 18 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ilan Dock, B.S.
Overview
Due to the variability of causes associated with retinitis, there are a variety of tests available to diagnose the underlying cause. Genetic defects such as retinitis pigmentosa is primarily diagnosed with an electroretinogram.[1] Other underlying causes may be distinguished using a variety of testing procedures. These procedures are usually directly associated with the hypothesized condition causing retinitis. Many of the underlying conditions may range from fungal to bacterial and thus are tested accordingly.[2]
Laboratory Findings
Genetic
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Infectious Agents
Cytomegalovirus
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in particular regions
- Usually detectable in blood and other bodily fluids[2]
Tuberculosis
- Positive purified derivative skin testing
- Interferon-gamma release assay (QuantiFERON Gold TB Test)
- Isolation of acid-fast bacilli[2]
Fungal
- Testing methods for identification of a fungal infectious agent largely depend on microscopic examination of infected area.
- Localized infections may display hyphae and typically, easily identifiable lesions.[2]
Toxoplasmosis
- Serological testing (ELISA)[2]
Syphilis
- Serological testing
- Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) testing
- Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorbtion testing (FTA-ABS)[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Retinitis Pigmentosa. American Academy of Ophthamology. http://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/retinitis-pigmentosa-diagnosis
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016.