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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
There is description of anal fissure by Louis Lemonnier in his “Traité de la fistule de l’anus ou du fondement” (1689). In 1989, Klosterhalfen et al. discovered a scarcity of small arteriolar collaterals between the end branches of the left and right [[inferior rectal artery]] dorsally during post-mortem angiographic studies. [[Botulinum toxin]] injection, administered by colorectal surgeons to relax the sphincter muscle and its use for this condition was first investigated in 1993.In 1994, Shouten et al. discovered the association between the anal pressure and the anodermal blood flow indicating development of anal fissure. This work also showed that there is significantly lower blood flow at the fissure site than other places. | |||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
===Discovery=== | |||
*There is description of anal fissure by Louis Lemonnier in his “Traité de la fistule de l’anus ou du fondement” (1689).<ref name="WienertRaulf2017">{{cite journal|last1=Wienert|first1=Volker|last2=Raulf|first2=Franz|last3=Mlitz|first3=Horst|title=Historical Aspects of Anal Fissure Pathology|year=2017|pages=91–98|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-49244-5_9}}</ref><ref name=":0">Delley, L.A., 1855. Die Fissura ani und ihre rationelle Behandlung [dissertation]. Universität Bern.</ref> | |||
*Raphael B. Sabatier has mentioned anal fissures in his “De la Médecine opératoire” (1824).<ref name="WienertRaulf2017">{{cite journal|last1=Wienert|first1=Volker|last2=Raulf|first2=Franz|last3=Mlitz|first3=Horst|title=Historical Aspects of Anal Fissure Pathology|year=2017|pages=91–98|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-49244-5_9}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> | |||
*In 1989, Klosterhalfen et al. discovered a scarcity of small arteriolar collaterals between the end branches of the left and right [[inferior rectal artery]] dorsally during post-mortem [[Angiogram|angiographic]] studies.<ref name="pmid2910660">{{cite journal |vauthors=Klosterhalfen B, Vogel P, Rixen H, Mittermayer C |title=Topography of the inferior rectal artery: a possible cause of chronic, primary anal fissure |journal=Dis. Colon Rectum |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=43–52 |year=1989 |pmid=2910660 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
* [[Botulinum toxin]] injection, administered by colorectal surgeons to relax the sphincter muscle and its use for this condition was first investigated in 1993.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Jost W, Schimrigk K |title=Use of botulinum toxin in anal fissure|journal=Dis Colon Rectum |volume=36 |issue=10 |pages=974 |year=1993 |id=PMID 8404394}}</ref> | |||
*In 1994, Shouten et al. discovered the association between anal pressure and the anodermal blood flow indicating development of [[anal fissure]]. This work also showed that there is significantly lower blood flow at the fissure site than other places.<ref name="pmid21577312">{{cite journal |vauthors=Madalinski MH |title=Identifying the best therapy for chronic anal fissure |journal=World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=9–16 |year=2011 |pmid=21577312 |pmc=3091162 |doi=10.4292/wjgpt.v2.i2.9 |url=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2]
Overview
There is description of anal fissure by Louis Lemonnier in his “Traité de la fistule de l’anus ou du fondement” (1689). In 1989, Klosterhalfen et al. discovered a scarcity of small arteriolar collaterals between the end branches of the left and right inferior rectal artery dorsally during post-mortem angiographic studies. Botulinum toxin injection, administered by colorectal surgeons to relax the sphincter muscle and its use for this condition was first investigated in 1993.In 1994, Shouten et al. discovered the association between the anal pressure and the anodermal blood flow indicating development of anal fissure. This work also showed that there is significantly lower blood flow at the fissure site than other places.
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- There is description of anal fissure by Louis Lemonnier in his “Traité de la fistule de l’anus ou du fondement” (1689).[1][2]
- Raphael B. Sabatier has mentioned anal fissures in his “De la Médecine opératoire” (1824).[1][2]
- In 1989, Klosterhalfen et al. discovered a scarcity of small arteriolar collaterals between the end branches of the left and right inferior rectal artery dorsally during post-mortem angiographic studies.[3]
- Botulinum toxin injection, administered by colorectal surgeons to relax the sphincter muscle and its use for this condition was first investigated in 1993.[4]
- In 1994, Shouten et al. discovered the association between anal pressure and the anodermal blood flow indicating development of anal fissure. This work also showed that there is significantly lower blood flow at the fissure site than other places.[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wienert, Volker; Raulf, Franz; Mlitz, Horst (2017). "Historical Aspects of Anal Fissure Pathology": 91–98. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49244-5_9.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Delley, L.A., 1855. Die Fissura ani und ihre rationelle Behandlung [dissertation]. Universität Bern.
- ↑ Klosterhalfen B, Vogel P, Rixen H, Mittermayer C (1989). "Topography of the inferior rectal artery: a possible cause of chronic, primary anal fissure". Dis. Colon Rectum. 32 (1): 43–52. PMID 2910660.
- ↑ Jost W, Schimrigk K (1993). "Use of botulinum toxin in anal fissure". Dis Colon Rectum. 36 (10): 974. PMID 8404394.
- ↑ Madalinski MH (2011). "Identifying the best therapy for chronic anal fissure". World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2 (2): 9–16. doi:10.4292/wjgpt.v2.i2.9. PMC 3091162. PMID 21577312.