Femoral hernia physical examination: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Femoral hernia}} | {{Femoral hernia}} | ||
{{CMG}} | |||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MKA}} | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Patients with femoral hernia usually appear normal. [[Physical examination]] of patients with femoral hernia is usually remarkable for [[swelling]] or [[lump]] below the [[inguinal ligament]]. It is a difficult [[diagnosis]] and maybe impossible to differentiate from [[inguinal hernia]]. If incarceration is present, the [[swelling]] or [[lump]] maybe [[Tenderness|tender]]. | |||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
*The presence of [[lump]] or [[swelling]] below the [[inguinal ligament]] on [[physical examination]] is highly suggestive of femoral hernia.<ref name="pmid25693015">{{cite journal| author=Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA| title=Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 372 | issue= 8 | pages= 756-63 | pmid=25693015 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1404068 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25693015 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21250263">{{cite journal |vauthors=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, Amerson JR |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=21250263 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Appearance of the patient=== | |||
*Patients with femoral hernia usually appear normal. | |||
===Vital signs=== | |||
*[[Vital signs]] of patients with femoral hernia are usually normal. | |||
*If [[Incarcerated hernia|incarceration]] is present, the following [[vital signs]] maybe present indicating [[sepsis]]:<ref name="pmid25693015">{{cite journal| author=Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA| title=Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 372 | issue= 8 | pages= 756-63 | pmid=25693015 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1404068 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25693015 }} </ref> | |||
**[[Fever]] | |||
**[[Tachycardia]] with regular [[pulse]] | |||
**[[Low blood pressure]] | |||
===Skin=== | |||
*[[Skin]] examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | |||
===HEENT=== | |||
*HEENT examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | |||
===Neck=== | |||
*Neck examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | |||
===Lungs=== | |||
*[[Pulmonary]] examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | |||
===Heart=== | |||
*[[Cardiovascular]] examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | |||
===Abdomen=== | |||
*[[Abdominal]] examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | |||
*If [[Incarcerated hernia|incarceration]] is present [[bowel]] sounds maybe absent.<ref name="pmid25693015">{{cite journal| author=Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA| title=Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 372 | issue= 8 | pages= 756-63 | pmid=25693015 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1404068 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25693015 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25489584">{{cite journal| author=Yang XF, Liu JL| title=Acute incarcerated external abdominal hernia. | journal=Ann Transl Med | year= 2014 | volume= 2 | issue= 11 | pages= 110 | pmid=25489584 | doi=10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.11.05 | pmc=4245506 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25489584 }} </ref> | |||
===Back=== | |||
*Back examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | |||
===Genitourinary=== | |||
*[[Swelling]] or [[lump]] may be present below the [[inguinal ligament]].<ref name="pmid25693015">{{cite journal| author=Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA| title=Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 372 | issue= 8 | pages= 756-63 | pmid=25693015 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1404068 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25693015 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21250263">{{cite journal |vauthors=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, Amerson JR |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=21250263 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*If [[Incarcerated hernia|incarceration]] is present the palpable [[swelling]] below the [[inguinal ligament]] may be [[Tenderness|tender]].<ref name="pmid25693015">{{cite journal| author=Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA| title=Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 372 | issue= 8 | pages= 756-63 | pmid=25693015 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1404068 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25693015 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25489584">{{cite journal| author=Yang XF, Liu JL| title=Acute incarcerated external abdominal hernia. | journal=Ann Transl Med | year= 2014 | volume= 2 | issue= 11 | pages= 110 | pmid=25489584 | doi=10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.11.05 | pmc=4245506 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25489584 }} </ref> | |||
===Neuromuscular=== | |||
* [[Neuromuscular]] examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | |||
=== | ===Extremities=== | ||
* Examination of extremities of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Surgery]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
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[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category: (name of the system)]] |
Latest revision as of 16:31, 15 February 2018
Femoral hernia Microchapters |
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Femoral hernia physical examination On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2]
Overview
Patients with femoral hernia usually appear normal. Physical examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually remarkable for swelling or lump below the inguinal ligament. It is a difficult diagnosis and maybe impossible to differentiate from inguinal hernia. If incarceration is present, the swelling or lump maybe tender.
Physical Examination
- The presence of lump or swelling below the inguinal ligament on physical examination is highly suggestive of femoral hernia.[1][2]
Appearance of the patient
- Patients with femoral hernia usually appear normal.
Vital signs
- Vital signs of patients with femoral hernia are usually normal.
- If incarceration is present, the following vital signs maybe present indicating sepsis:[1]
- Fever
- Tachycardia with regular pulse
- Low blood pressure
Skin
- Skin examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
HEENT
- HEENT examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
Neck
- Neck examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
Lungs
- Pulmonary examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
Heart
- Cardiovascular examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
Abdomen
- Abdominal examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
- If incarceration is present bowel sounds maybe absent.[1][3]
Back
- Back examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
Genitourinary
- Swelling or lump may be present below the inguinal ligament.[1][2]
- If incarceration is present the palpable swelling below the inguinal ligament may be tender.[1][3]
Neuromuscular
- Neuromuscular examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
Extremities
- Examination of extremities of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA (2015). "Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults". N Engl J Med. 372 (8): 756–63. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1404068. PMID 25693015.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, Amerson JR. PMID 21250263. Missing or empty
|title=
(help) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Yang XF, Liu JL (2014). "Acute incarcerated external abdominal hernia". Ann Transl Med. 2 (11): 110. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.11.05. PMC 4245506. PMID 25489584.