Neonatal jaundice differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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{{Neonatal jaundice}}
{{Neonatal jaundice}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AEL}}  


{{PleaseHelp}}
==Overview==
Neonatal jaundice must be differentiated from other causes of [[jaundice]] as [[hepatocellular jaundice]] and [[cholestatic jaundice]].
 
==Differentiating Neonatal jaundice from other Diseases==
'''''The differential diagnosis for jaundice, click [[Jaundice differential diagnosis#Jaundice|here]]'''.''
 
'''''The differential diagnosis for jaundice and RUQ pain, click [[Jaundice and RUQ pain|here]]'''.''
 
'''''The differential diagnosis for jaundice and pruritis, click [[Jaundice and pruritis|here]]'''.''
 
'''''The differential diagnosis for jaundice and fever, click [[Jaundice and fever|here]]'''.''
 
'''''The differential diagnosis for jaundice, fever, and RUQ pain, click [[Jaundice, fever, and RUQ pain|here]]'''.''
 
'''''The differential diagnosis for jaundice, pruritis and RUQ pain, click [[Jaundice, pruritis and RUQ pain|here]]'''.''


==Overview==


==Differentiating Neonatal Jaundice from other Diseases==
Differential diagnosis of jaundice are: <ref name="pmid28145671">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fargo MV, Grogan SP, Saguil A |title=Evaluation of Jaundice in Adults |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=95 |issue=3 |pages=164–168 |year=2017 |pmid=28145671 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9287990">{{cite journal |vauthors=Leevy CB, Koneru B, Klein KM |title=Recurrent familial prolonged intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy associated with chronic liver disease |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=113 |issue=3 |pages=966–72 |year=1997 |pmid=9287990 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18609700">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hov JR, Boberg KM, Karlsen TH |title=Autoantibodies in primary sclerosing cholangitis |journal=World J. Gastroenterol. |volume=14 |issue=24 |pages=3781–91 |year=2008 |pmid=18609700 |pmc=2721433 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3115390">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bond LR, Hatty SR, Horn ME, Dick M, Meire HB, Bellingham AJ |title=Gall stones in sickle cell disease in the United Kingdom |journal=Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) |volume=295 |issue=6592 |pages=234–6 |year=1987 |pmid=3115390 |pmc=1247079 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29226106">{{cite journal |vauthors=Malakouti M, Kataria A, Ali SK, Schenker S |title=Elevated Liver Enzymes in Asymptomatic Patients - What Should I Do? |journal=J Clin Transl Hepatol |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=394–403 |year=2017 |pmid=29226106 |pmc=5719197 |doi=10.14218/JCTH.2017.00027 |url=}}</ref>
 
{| align="center"
|-
|
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Classification of jaundice based on etiology
! rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Disease
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |History and clinical manifestations
! colspan="8" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Diagnosis
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Lab Findings
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other blood tests
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other diagnostic
|-
! rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Family history
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Fever
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |RUQ Pain
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Pruritis
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |AST
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |ALT
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |ALP
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |BLR Indirect
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |BLR Direct
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Viral serology
|-
! rowspan="34" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Jaundice
! colspan="1" rowspan="9" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Hepatocellular Jaundice
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Infiltrative liver disorders: [[Hemochromatosis]], [[amyloidosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Ferritin]] ↑ (hemochromatosis)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Liver biopsy
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Wilson's disease]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑ Serum [[ceruloplasmin]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Liver biopsy
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hepatitis|Viral hepatitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Specific viral antibody for each type
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Alcoholic hepatitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Drug induced hepatitis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Autoimmune hepatitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Anti-LKM antibody]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Liver biopsy
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cirrhosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Low platate
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Small liver on ultrasond
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease|Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lipoprotein disorders|Dyslipidemia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |liver biopsy
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Ischemic hepatopathy
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Circulatory system|Cardiovascular]] risk factors
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|-
! rowspan="10" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Cholestatic Jaundice
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Common bile duct stone
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Dilated ducts on ultrasound
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |CT/[[Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography|ERCP]]
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hepatitis A]] (cholestatic type)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |HAV- Ab
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Abdominal ultrasound
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]] / [[Cytomegalovirus infection|CMV]] hepatitis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Positive serology
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |AMA positive
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Liver biopsy
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑Autoantibodies (P-ANCA), [[hypergammaglobulinemia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography|MRCP]],
Liver biopsy
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Sickle-cell disease|Sickle cell disease]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +/-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Genetic testing
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pancreatic cancer|Pancreatic carcinoma]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |CT scan for diagnosis
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[HIV AIDS|AIDS]] cholangiopathy
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |HIV Ab
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Ultrasound or [[Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography|ERCP]]
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Parasites induces cholestasis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Serology
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Ultrasound or [[Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography|ERCP]]
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombocytopenia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diagnosed clinically
|-
! rowspan="10" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Isolated Jaundice
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Crigler-Najjar syndrome|Crigler-Najjar]] type 2
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Genetic testing
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Gilbert's syndrome|Gilbert]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Genetic testing
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Rotor syndrome]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Genetic testing
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Liver biopsy
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Dubin-Johnson syndrome]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Genetic testing
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Liver biopsy
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hereditary spherocytosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Genetic testing
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Osmotic fragility
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency|G6PD deficiency]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Genetic testing
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Thalassemia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Genetic testing
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Flocytometery
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Immune [[hemolysis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Autoantibodies
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Hematoma
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Anemia
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Truma or surgery in history
|-
|}
|}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


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Latest revision as of 22:57, 29 July 2020

Neonatal jaundice Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

Neonatal jaundice must be differentiated from other causes of jaundice as hepatocellular jaundice and cholestatic jaundice.

Differentiating Neonatal jaundice from other Diseases

The differential diagnosis for jaundice, click here.

The differential diagnosis for jaundice and RUQ pain, click here.

The differential diagnosis for jaundice and pruritis, click here.

The differential diagnosis for jaundice and fever, click here.

The differential diagnosis for jaundice, fever, and RUQ pain, click here.

The differential diagnosis for jaundice, pruritis and RUQ pain, click here.


Differential diagnosis of jaundice are: [1][2][3][4][5]

Classification of jaundice based on etiology Disease History and clinical manifestations Diagnosis
Lab Findings Other blood tests Other diagnostic
Family history Fever RUQ Pain Pruritis AST ALT ALP BLR Indirect BLR Direct Viral serology
Jaundice Hepatocellular Jaundice Infiltrative liver disorders: Hemochromatosis, amyloidosis + - -/+ - ↑ ↑ ↑/N ↑/N N - Ferritin ↑ (hemochromatosis) Liver biopsy
Wilson's disease + - -/+ - ↑ ↑ N ↑/N N - ↑ Serum ceruloplasmin Liver biopsy
Viral hepatitis - -/+ - - ↑ ↑ N ↑/N N + Specific viral antibody for each type -
Alcoholic hepatitis - -/+ -/+ - ↑↑ ↑ N ↑/N N - - -
Drug induced hepatitis - -/+ - - ↑ ↑ N ↑/N N - - -
Autoimmune hepatitis -/+ - - -/+ ↑ ↑ N ↑/N N - Anti-LKM antibody Liver biopsy
Cirrhosis -/+ -/+ -/+ - ↑ ↑ ↑/N ↑/N ↑/N -/+ Low platate Small liver on ultrasond
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis -/+ - - - ↑ ↑ N ↑/N N - Dyslipidemia liver biopsy
Ischemic hepatopathy -/+ - -/+ - ↑ ↑ N ↑/N N - Cardiovascular risk factors -
Cholestatic Jaundice Common bile duct stone -/+ - + + N N ↑ N ↑ - Dilated ducts on ultrasound CT/ERCP
Hepatitis A (cholestatic type) - -/+ + + N/↑ N/↑ ↑ N ↑ + HAV- Ab Abdominal ultrasound
EBV / CMV hepatitis - -/+ + + N N ↑ N ↑ + Positive serology -
Primary biliary cirrhosis -/+ - -/+ + N/↑ N/↑ ↑ N ↑ - AMA positive Liver biopsy
Primary sclerosing cholangitis -/+ - -/+ + N/↑ N/↑ ↑ N ↑ - ↑Autoantibodies (P-ANCA), hypergammaglobulinemia MRCP,

Liver biopsy

Sickle cell disease + - - +/- N/↑ N/↑ ↑ N ↑ - Genetic testing
Pancreatic carcinoma + - -/+ -/+ N/↑ N/↑ ↑ N ↑ - - CT scan for diagnosis
AIDS cholangiopathy - - -/+ -/+ N/↑ N/↑ ↑ N ↑ - HIV Ab Ultrasound or ERCP
Parasites induces cholestasis - - -/+ -/+ N/↑ N/↑ ↑ N ↑ - Serology Ultrasound or ERCP
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy -/+ - -/+ + ↑ ↑ ↑ N ↑ - Thrombocytopenia Diagnosed clinically
Isolated Jaundice Crigler-Najjar type 2 + - - - N N N ↑ ↑ - Genetic testing
Gilbert + - - - N N N ↑ ↑ - Genetic testing
Rotor syndrome + - - - N N N N ↑ - Genetic testing Liver biopsy
Dubin-Johnson syndrome + - - - N N N N ↑ - Genetic testing Liver biopsy
Hereditary spherocytosis + - -/+ - N N N ↑ N - Genetic testing Osmotic fragility
G6PD deficiency + - - - N N N ↑ N - Genetic testing
Thalassemia + - - - N N N ↑ N - Genetic testing
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria - - - - N N N ↑ N - Flocytometery
Immune hemolysis - -/+ - - N N N ↑ N - Autoantibodies
Hematoma - -/+ - - N N N ↑ N - Anemia Truma or surgery in history

References

  1. ↑ Fargo MV, Grogan SP, Saguil A (2017). "Evaluation of Jaundice in Adults". Am Fam Physician. 95 (3): 164–168. PMID 28145671.
  2. ↑ Leevy CB, Koneru B, Klein KM (1997). "Recurrent familial prolonged intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy associated with chronic liver disease". Gastroenterology. 113 (3): 966–72. PMID 9287990.
  3. ↑ Hov JR, Boberg KM, Karlsen TH (2008). "Autoantibodies in primary sclerosing cholangitis". World J. Gastroenterol. 14 (24): 3781–91. PMC 2721433. PMID 18609700.
  4. ↑ Bond LR, Hatty SR, Horn ME, Dick M, Meire HB, Bellingham AJ (1987). "Gall stones in sickle cell disease in the United Kingdom". Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 295 (6592): 234–6. PMC 1247079. PMID 3115390.
  5. ↑ Malakouti M, Kataria A, Ali SK, Schenker S (2017). "Elevated Liver Enzymes in Asymptomatic Patients - What Should I Do?". J Clin Transl Hepatol. 5 (4): 394–403. doi:10.14218/JCTH.2017.00027. PMC 5719197. PMID 29226106.

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