Orbital cellulitis classification: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Orbital cellulitis may be classified as follows: | Orbital cellulitis may be classified as follows: | ||
*'''Bacterial vs. non-bacterial infection:''' This classification determines the course of the disease and the type of [[antibiotics]] to be used. | *'''[[Bacterial]] vs. non-bacterial infection:''' This classification determines the course of the disease and the type of [[antibiotics]] to be used. | ||
*'''Abscess vs. no abscess:''' This classification determines the need for surgical therapy. | *'''[[Abscess]] vs. no abscess:''' This classification determines the need for surgical therapy. | ||
*'''Chandler's Classification of Orbital Complications of Sinusitis:'''<ref name="pmid1388488">{{cite journal| author=Martin-Hirsch DP, Habashi S, Hinton AH, Kotecha B| title=Orbital cellulitis. | journal=Arch Emerg Med | year= 1992 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= 143-8 | pmid=1388488 | doi= | pmc=1285851 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1388488 }} </ref> | *'''Chandler's Classification of Orbital Complications of [[Sinusitis]]:'''<ref name="pmid1388488">{{cite journal| author=Martin-Hirsch DP, Habashi S, Hinton AH, Kotecha B| title=Orbital cellulitis. | journal=Arch Emerg Med | year= 1992 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= 143-8 | pmid=1388488 | doi= | pmc=1285851 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1388488 }} </ref> | ||
**'''Stage I:''' [[periorbital cellulitis|Preseptal Cellulitis]] - Also known as [[periorbital cellulitis]]; this condition is not classified as true orbital cellulitis. It rarely extends to become true postseptal orbital cellulitis. It is characterized by | **'''Stage I:''' [[periorbital cellulitis|Preseptal Cellulitis]] - Also known as [[periorbital cellulitis]]; this condition is not classified as true orbital cellulitis. It rarely extends to become true [[Postseptal cellulitis|postseptal orbital cellulitis]]. It is characterized by [[edema|lid edema]], lack of [[proptosis]], changes in [[visual acuity]], [[pain]] with ocular movements, and [[opthalmoplegia]]. | ||
**'''Stage II:''' Orbital cellulitis - Also known as postseptal cellulitis or true orbital cellulitis; diffuse [[orbit (anatomy)|orbital]] [[inflammation]] without [[abscess]] formation. | **'''Stage II:''' Orbital cellulitis - Also known as [[postseptal cellulitis]] or true orbital cellulitis; diffuse [[orbit (anatomy)|orbital]] [[inflammation]] without [[abscess]] formation. | ||
**'''Stage III:''' | **'''Stage III:''' [[abscess|Subperiosteal abscess]] | ||
**'''Stage IV:''' Orbital [[abscess]] | **'''Stage IV:''' Orbital [[abscess]] | ||
**'''Stage V:''' Intracranial involvement/[[cavernous sinus thrombosis]] | **'''Stage V:''' Intracranial involvement / [[cavernous sinus thrombosis]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Ophthalmology]] | |||
Latest revision as of 23:26, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Tarek Nafee, M.D. [2]
Overview
Orbital cellulitis may be classified according to the microbial family of the offending pathogen (bacterial vs. fungal), or by the management protocol (medical vs. surgical therapy). In 1970, Chandler's classification was created to describe five groups of orbital complications of sinusitis. This system is often used to describe the extent of orbital and periorbital disease.[1]
Classification
Orbital cellulitis may be classified as follows:
- Bacterial vs. non-bacterial infection: This classification determines the course of the disease and the type of antibiotics to be used.
- Abscess vs. no abscess: This classification determines the need for surgical therapy.
- Chandler's Classification of Orbital Complications of Sinusitis:[1]
- Stage I: Preseptal Cellulitis - Also known as periorbital cellulitis; this condition is not classified as true orbital cellulitis. It rarely extends to become true postseptal orbital cellulitis. It is characterized by lid edema, lack of proptosis, changes in visual acuity, pain with ocular movements, and opthalmoplegia.
- Stage II: Orbital cellulitis - Also known as postseptal cellulitis or true orbital cellulitis; diffuse orbital inflammation without abscess formation.
- Stage III: Subperiosteal abscess
- Stage IV: Orbital abscess
- Stage V: Intracranial involvement / cavernous sinus thrombosis