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==Overview==


Worldwide, the [[prevalence]] of mastitis ranges from a low of 1,000 per 100,000 persons to a high of 10,000 per 100,000 persons.<ref name="pmid25132521">{{cite journal| author=Axelsson D, Blomberg M| title=Prevalence of postpartum infections: a population-based observational study. | journal=Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand | year= 2014 | volume= 93 | issue= 10 | pages= 1065-8 | pmid=25132521 | doi=10.1111/aogs.12455 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25132521}}</ref>  The [[incidence]] of puerperal mastitis ranges from a low of 2,900 per 100,000 persons to a high of 9,500 per 100,000 persons.<ref name="pmid17267864">{{cite journal| author=Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists| title=ACOG Committee Opinion No. 361: Breastfeeding: maternal and infant aspects. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 2007 | volume= 109 | issue= 2 Pt 1 | pages= 479-80 | pmid=17267864 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17267864}}</ref><ref name="pmid1957190">{{cite journal| author=Kaufmann R, Foxman B| title=Mastitis among lactating women: occurrence and risk factors. | journal=Soc Sci Med | year= 1991 | volume= 33 | issue= 6 | pages= 701-5 | pmid=1957190 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1957190}}</ref> <ref name="pmid11790672">{{cite journal| author=Foxman B, D'Arcy H, Gillespie B, Bobo JK, Schwartz K| title=Lactation mastitis: occurrence and medical management among 946 breastfeeding women in the United States. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 2002 | volume= 155 | issue= 2 | pages= 103-14 | pmid=11790672 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11790672}}</ref>.  Mastitis commonly affects [[breastfeeding]] mothers between the ages of 21 to 35 years.<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref>  Women are more commonly affected with mastitis than men.  There is no racial predilection to mastitis.


==Overview==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==


Worldwide, the prevalence of mastitis ranges from a low of 1000 per 100,000 persons to a high of 10000 per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of 4700 per 100,000 persons.<ref name="pmid25132521">{{cite journal| author=Axelsson D, Blomberg M| title=Prevalence of postpartum infections: a population-based observational study. | journal=Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand | year= 2014 | volume= 93 | issue= 10 | pages= 1065-8 | pmid=25132521 | doi=10.1111/aogs.12455 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25132521  }} </ref>
===Prevalence===
Worldwide, the incidence of Puerperal mastitis ranges from a low of 2900 per 100,000 persons to a high of 9500 per 100,000 persons with an average incidence of 6200 per 100,000 delieveries within the first seven weeks after delivery.<ref name="pmid17267864">{{cite journal| author=Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists| title=ACOG Committee Opinion No. 361: Breastfeeding: maternal and infant aspects. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 2007 | volume= 109 | issue= 2 Pt 1 | pages= 479-80 | pmid=17267864 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17267864  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid1957190">{{cite journal| author=Kaufmann R, Foxman B| title=Mastitis among lactating women: occurrence and risk factors. | journal=Soc Sci Med | year= 1991 | volume= 33 | issue= 6 | pages= 701-5 | pmid=1957190 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1957190  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid11790672">{{cite journal| author=Foxman B, D'Arcy H, Gillespie B, Bobo JK, Schwartz K| title=Lactation mastitis: occurrence and medical management among 946 breastfeeding women in the United States. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 2002 | volume= 155 | issue= 2 | pages= 103-14 | pmid=11790672 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11790672  }} </ref>. Out of this, the incidence of those with mastitis needing hospitalization is 93 per 100,000 persons.<ref name="pmid18757649">{{cite journal| author=Stafford I, Hernandez J, Laibl V, Sheffield J, Roberts S, Wendel G| title=Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among patients with puerperal mastitis requiring hospitalization. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 2008 | volume= 112 | issue= 3 | pages= 533-7 | pmid=18757649 | doi=10.1097/AOG.0b013e31818187b0 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18757649  }} </ref>. The percentage of those with mastitis who develop breast abscess varies from 3% to 11%.<ref name="pmid15663122">{{cite journal| author=Amir LH, Forster D, McLachlan H, Lumley J| title=Incidence of breast abscess in lactating women: report from an Australian cohort. | journal=BJOG | year= 2004 | volume= 111 | issue= 12 | pages= 1378-81 | pmid=15663122 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15663122  }} </ref>
Mastitis commonly affects breastfeeding mothers between the ages of 21 to 35 with the highest occurrence between 30 to 34 years even  when  parity  and  full-time  employment are controlled.<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref> However, there is no difference between mastitis and breast abscess groups regarding age.<ref name="pmid12616423">{{cite journal| author=Dener C, Inan A| title=Breast abscesses in lactating women. | journal=World J Surg | year= 2003 | volume= 27 | issue= 2 | pages= 130-3 | pmid=12616423 | doi=10.1007/s00268-002-6563-6 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12616423  }} </ref>
Women are more commonly affected with mastitis than men.
There is no racial predilection to mastitis.
Georgraphically the incidence of mastitis is higher in developing countries. <ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref>


===Epidemiology and Demographics===
Worldwide, the [[prevalence]] of mastitis ranges from a low of 1,000 per 100,000 persons to a high of 10,000 per 100,000 persons, with an average [[prevalence]] of 4,700 per 100,000 persons.<ref name="pmid25132521">{{cite journal| author=Axelsson D, Blomberg M| title=Prevalence of postpartum infections: a population-based observational study. | journal=Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand | year= 2014 | volume= 93 | issue= 10 | pages= 1065-8 | pmid=25132521 | doi=10.1111/aogs.12455 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25132521}}</ref>  
===Prevalence===
Worldwide, the prevalence of mastitis ranges from a low of 1000 per 100,000 persons to a high of 10000 per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of 4700 per 100,000 persons.<ref name="pmid25132521">{{cite journal| author=Axelsson D, Blomberg M| title=Prevalence of postpartum infections: a population-based observational study. | journal=Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand | year= 2014 | volume= 93 | issue= 10 | pages= 1065-8 | pmid=25132521 | doi=10.1111/aogs.12455 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25132521 }} </ref>  


===Incidence===
===Incidence===
Worldwide, the incidence of Puerperal mastitis ranges from a low of 2900 per 100,000 persons to a high of 9500 per 100,000 persons with an average incidence of 6200 per 100,000 deliveries within the first seven weeks after delivery but most common during the second and third weeks.<ref name="pmid17267864">{{cite journal| author=Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists| title=ACOG Committee Opinion No. 361: Breastfeeding: maternal and infant aspects. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 2007 | volume= 109 | issue= 2 Pt 1 | pages= 479-80 | pmid=17267864 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17267864 }} </ref> <ref name="pmid1957190">{{cite journal| author=Kaufmann R, Foxman B| title=Mastitis among lactating women: occurrence and risk factors. | journal=Soc Sci Med | year= 1991 | volume= 33 | issue= 6 | pages= 701-5 | pmid=1957190 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1957190 }} </ref> <ref name="pmid11790672">{{cite journal| author=Foxman B, D'Arcy H, Gillespie B, Bobo JK, Schwartz K| title=Lactation mastitis: occurrence and medical management among 946 breastfeeding women in the United States. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 2002 | volume= 155 | issue= 2 | pages= 103-14 | pmid=11790672 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11790672 }} </ref>. Out of this, the incidence of those with mastitis needing hospitalization is 93 per 100,000 persons.<ref name="pmid18757649">{{cite journal| author=Stafford I, Hernandez J, Laibl V, Sheffield J, Roberts S, Wendel G| title=Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among patients with puerperal mastitis requiring hospitalization. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 2008 | volume= 112 | issue= 3 | pages= 533-7 | pmid=18757649 | doi=10.1097/AOG.0b013e31818187b0 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18757649 }} </ref>. The percentage of those with mastitis who develop breast abscess varies from 3% to 11%.<ref name="pmid15663122">{{cite journal| author=Amir LH, Forster D, McLachlan H, Lumley J| title=Incidence of breast abscess in lactating women: report from an Australian cohort. | journal=BJOG | year= 2004 | volume= 111 | issue= 12 | pages= 1378-81 | pmid=15663122 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15663122 }} </ref>
 
Worldwide, the [[incidence]] of puerperal mastitis ranges from a low of 2,900 per 100,000 persons to a high of 9,500 per 100,000 persons, with an average [[incidence]] of 6,200 per 100,000 deliveries within the first seven weeks after delivery but most common during the second and third weeks.<ref name="pmid17267864">{{cite journal| author=Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists| title=ACOG Committee Opinion No. 361: Breastfeeding: maternal and infant aspects. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 2007 | volume= 109 | issue= 2 Pt 1 | pages= 479-80 | pmid=17267864 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17267864}}</ref><ref name="pmid1957190">{{cite journal| author=Kaufmann R, Foxman B| title=Mastitis among lactating women: occurrence and risk factors. | journal=Soc Sci Med | year= 1991 | volume= 33 | issue= 6 | pages= 701-5 | pmid=1957190 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1957190}}</ref><ref name="pmid11790672">{{cite journal| author=Foxman B, D'Arcy H, Gillespie B, Bobo JK, Schwartz K| title=Lactation mastitis: occurrence and medical management among 946 breastfeeding women in the United States. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 2002 | volume= 155 | issue= 2 | pages= 103-14 | pmid=11790672 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11790672}}</ref>. Out of this, the [[incidence]] of those with mastitis needing hospitalization is 93 per 100,000 persons.<ref name="pmid18757649">{{cite journal| author=Stafford I, Hernandez J, Laibl V, Sheffield J, Roberts S, Wendel G| title=Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among patients with puerperal mastitis requiring hospitalization. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 2008 | volume= 112 | issue= 3 | pages= 533-7 | pmid=18757649 | doi=10.1097/AOG.0b013e31818187b0 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18757649}}</ref>. The percentage of those with mastitis who develop a [[breast abscess]] varies from 3% to 11%.<ref name="pmid15663122">{{cite journal| author=Amir LH, Forster D, McLachlan H, Lumley J| title=Incidence of breast abscess in lactating women: report from an Australian cohort. | journal=BJOG | year= 2004 | volume= 111 | issue= 12 | pages= 1378-81 | pmid=15663122 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15663122}}</ref>


===Age===
===Age===
Mastitis commonly affects breastfeeding mothers between the ages of 21 to 35 with the highest occurrence between 30 to 34 years even  when  parity  and  full-time  employment are controlled.<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref>


  However, there is no difference between mastitis and breast abscess groups regarding age.<ref name="pmid12616423">{{cite journal| author=Dener C, Inan A| title=Breast abscesses in lactating women. | journal=World J Surg | year= 2003 | volume= 27 | issue= 2 | pages= 130-3 | pmid=12616423 | doi=10.1007/s00268-002-6563-6 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12616423 }} </ref>
Mastitis commonly affects breastfeeding mothers between the ages of 21 to 35 years, with the highest occurrence in those between the ages of 30 to 34 years, even  when  parity  and  full-time  employment are controlled.<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref> However, there is no difference between mastitis and [[breast abscess]] groups regarding age.<ref name="pmid12616423">{{cite journal| author=Dener C, Inan A| title=Breast abscesses in lactating women. | journal=World J Surg | year= 2003 | volume= 27 | issue= 2 | pages= 130-3 | pmid=12616423 | doi=10.1007/s00268-002-6563-6 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12616423}}</ref>


===Gender===
===Gender===
Women are more commonly affected with mastitis than men.
Women are more commonly affected with mastitis than men.
===Race===
===Race===
There is no racial predilection to mastitis.
There is no racial predilection to mastitis.
===Developed/Developing countries===
===Developed/Developing countries===
Georgraphically the incidence of mastitis is higher in developing countries. <ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref>
 
Geographically the [[incidence]] of mastitis is higher in developing countries.<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 22:38, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]

Overview

Worldwide, the prevalence of mastitis ranges from a low of 1,000 per 100,000 persons to a high of 10,000 per 100,000 persons.[1] The incidence of puerperal mastitis ranges from a low of 2,900 per 100,000 persons to a high of 9,500 per 100,000 persons.[2][3] [4]. Mastitis commonly affects breastfeeding mothers between the ages of 21 to 35 years.[5] Women are more commonly affected with mastitis than men. There is no racial predilection to mastitis.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

Worldwide, the prevalence of mastitis ranges from a low of 1,000 per 100,000 persons to a high of 10,000 per 100,000 persons, with an average prevalence of 4,700 per 100,000 persons.[1]

Incidence

Worldwide, the incidence of puerperal mastitis ranges from a low of 2,900 per 100,000 persons to a high of 9,500 per 100,000 persons, with an average incidence of 6,200 per 100,000 deliveries within the first seven weeks after delivery but most common during the second and third weeks.[2][3][4]. Out of this, the incidence of those with mastitis needing hospitalization is 93 per 100,000 persons.[6]. The percentage of those with mastitis who develop a breast abscess varies from 3% to 11%.[7]

Age

Mastitis commonly affects breastfeeding mothers between the ages of 21 to 35 years, with the highest occurrence in those between the ages of 30 to 34 years, even when parity and full-time employment are controlled.[5] However, there is no difference between mastitis and breast abscess groups regarding age.[8]

Gender

Women are more commonly affected with mastitis than men.

Race

There is no racial predilection to mastitis.

Developed/Developing countries

Geographically the incidence of mastitis is higher in developing countries.[5]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Axelsson D, Blomberg M (2014). "Prevalence of postpartum infections: a population-based observational study". Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 93 (10): 1065–8. doi:10.1111/aogs.12455. PMID 25132521.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2007). "ACOG Committee Opinion No. 361: Breastfeeding: maternal and infant aspects". Obstet Gynecol. 109 (2 Pt 1): 479–80. PMID 17267864.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kaufmann R, Foxman B (1991). "Mastitis among lactating women: occurrence and risk factors". Soc Sci Med. 33 (6): 701–5. PMID 1957190.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Foxman B, D'Arcy H, Gillespie B, Bobo JK, Schwartz K (2002). "Lactation mastitis: occurrence and medical management among 946 breastfeeding women in the United States". Am J Epidemiol. 155 (2): 103–14. PMID 11790672.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.
  6. ↑ Stafford I, Hernandez J, Laibl V, Sheffield J, Roberts S, Wendel G (2008). "Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among patients with puerperal mastitis requiring hospitalization". Obstet Gynecol. 112 (3): 533–7. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e31818187b0. PMID 18757649.
  7. ↑ Amir LH, Forster D, McLachlan H, Lumley J (2004). "Incidence of breast abscess in lactating women: report from an Australian cohort". BJOG. 111 (12): 1378–81. PMID 15663122.
  8. ↑ Dener C, Inan A (2003). "Breast abscesses in lactating women". World J Surg. 27 (2): 130–3. doi:10.1007/s00268-002-6563-6. PMID 12616423.

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