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| __NOTOC__
| | #REDIRECT:[[Colitis]] |
| {{SI}}
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| {{CMG}}; {{AE}}
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| ==Overview==
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| '''Proctocolitis''' is a general term for [[inflammation]] of the [[rectum]] and [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]] particularly distal part of the colon([[sigmoid]])<ref>Online Medical dictionary[http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?proctocolitis]</ref>. Common causes of proctocolitis include ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]'', ''[[Lymphogranuloma Venereum]]'', ''[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]'', [[Herpes Simplex Virus|HSV]], and [[Campylobacter]] species. The mainstay of therapy for infective proctocolitis is [[antimicrobial]] therapy. The preferred regimen is a combination of [[Ceftriaxone]] and [[Doxycycline]].
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| ==Historical Perspective==
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| ==Classification==
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| There is no established classification system for proctocolitis. However, proctocolitis may be classified based on causality into
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| *[[Infectious]]
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| *Non-infectious
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| *Infectious proctocolitis may be viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoan, and atypical micro-organism.
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| *Non-infectious proctocolitis may be allergic (eosinophilic), vascular, autoimmune, drug-induced, radiation, chemical, and idiopathic.
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| ==Pathophysiology==
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| ==Causes==
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| Proctocolitis has many possible causes. Common infectious causes of proctocolitis include ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]'', [[Lymphogranuloma Venereum|LGV (Lymphogranuloma Venereum)]], ''[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]'', [[Herpes Simplex Virus|HSV]], and [[Campylobacter|Campylobacter species]]. It can also be idiopathic (see [[colitis]]), vascular (as in [[ischemic colitis]]), or autoimmune (as in [[inflammatory bowel disease]]).
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| ===Life Threatening Causes===
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| ===Common Causes===
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| ===Causes by Organ System===
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| {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dermatologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Drug Side Effect'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chlorpropamide]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Endocrine'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Environmental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Gastroenterologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Genetic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Hematologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Iatrogenic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Infectious Disease'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Neurologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Oncologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Ophthalmologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Psychiatric'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Pulmonary'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Sexual'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Trauma'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Urologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Miscellaneous'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |}
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| ===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
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| {{col-begin|width=80%}}
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| {{col-break|width=33%}}
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| * [[Chlorpropamide]]
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| {{col-break|width=33%}}
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| * Disease B
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| {{col-break|width=33%}}
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| * Disease C
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| {{col-end}}
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| ==Differentiating {{PAGENAME}} from Other Diseases==
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| ==Epidemiology and Demographics==
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| ==Risk Factors==
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| ==Screening==
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| ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
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| ===Natural History===
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| ===Complications===
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| ===Prognosis===
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| ==Diagnosis==
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| ===Diagnostic Criteria===
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| ===History and Symptoms===
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| ===Physical Examination===
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| ===Laboratory Findings===
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| ===Imaging Findings===
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| ===Other Diagnostic Studies===
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| ==Treatment==
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| ===Medical Therapy===
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| *All patients with proctocolitis should be treated.
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| *Treatment of proctocolitis is similar to that of proctitis.
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| *Generally, the following regimen is recommended:
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| :: Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 250 mg IM {{and}} [[Doxycycline]] 100 mg PO bid for 7 days
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| To view additional treatment and special considerations for the management of proctitis/proctocolitis, click [[proctitis medical therapy|'''here''']].
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| ===Surgery===
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| ===Prevention===
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Colitis]]
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| * [[Proctitis]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Gastroenterology]]
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