Syphilis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
m (Bot: Removing from Primary care)
 
(44 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{CMG}} {{AA}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{AA}}; {{NRM}}
{{Syphilis}}
{{Syphilis}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
The rate of primary and secondary syphilis reported in the United States decreased during the 1990s; in 2000, the rate was the lowest since reporting began in 1941. The low rate of infectious syphilis and the concentration of the majority of syphilis cases in a small number of geographic areas in the United States led to the development of the CDCs National Plan to Eliminate Syphilis, which was announced by Surgeon General David Satcher in October 1999 and revised in May 2006.[http://www.cdc.gov/stopsyphilis/plan.htm 2]
In 2012, the incidence of syphilis was estimated to be 6 million cases worldwide. From year 2005 to 2014, the incidence of syphilis in the United States increased from 2.9 to 6.3 cases/100,000/year. The rate of reported cases increased by 15.1% between 2013 and 2014 in the United States.<ref name=CDC>https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/surv-2014-print.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref> Syphilis incidence increased in every region of the Untied States in 2014, with the highest rate in the West and lowest rate in the Midwest. In 2012, the [[prevalence]] of syphilis was estimated to be approximately 18 million cases in men and women aged 15-29 worldwide.<ref name="pmid26646541">{{cite journal| author=Newman L, Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Wijesooriya NS, Unemo M, Low N et al.| title=Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2015 | volume= 10 | issue= 12 | pages= e0143304 | pmid=26646541 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0143304 | pmc=4672879 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26646541  }} </ref> The incidence and prevalence of syphilis may be affected by age, gender, race, sexual behavior and geographical distribution.<ref name=CDC>https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/surv-2014-print.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid23403598">{{cite journal| author=Satterwhite CL, Torrone E, Meites E, Dunne EF, Mahajan R, Ocfemia MC et al.| title=Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and incidence estimates, 2008. | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 2013 | volume= 40 | issue= 3 | pages= 187-93 | pmid=23403598 | doi=10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318286bb53 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23403598  }} </ref><ref name=WHO2012>http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85376/1/9789241505895_eng.pdf?=1 Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid23049658">{{cite journal| author=Purcell DW, Johnson CH, Lansky A, Prejean J, Stein R, Denning P et al.| title=Estimating the population size of men who have sex with men in the United States to obtain HIV and syphilis rates. | journal=Open AIDS J | year= 2012 | volume= 6 | issue=  | pages= 98-107 | pmid=23049658 | doi=10.2174/1874613601206010098 | pmc=3462414 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23049658  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17463387">{{cite journal| author=Heffelfinger JD, Swint EB, Berman SM, Weinstock HS| title=Trends in primary and secondary syphilis among men who have sex with men in the United States. | journal=Am J Public Health | year= 2007 | volume= 97 | issue= 6 | pages= 1076-83 | pmid=17463387 | doi=10.2105/AJPH.2005.070417 | pmc=1874206 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17463387  }} </ref><ref name="pmid6893897">{{cite journal| author=Judson FN, Penley KA, Robinson ME, Smith JK| title=Comparative prevalence rates of sexually transmitted diseases in heterosexual and homosexual men. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 1980 | volume= 112 | issue= 6 | pages= 836-43 | pmid=6893897 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6893897  }} </ref>


==Epidemiology ==
==Epidemiology ==
===Incidence===
===Incidence===
*In 2008, the incidence of syphilis was estimated to be 10.9 million cases worldwide.<ref name=WHO>http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/75181/1/9789241503839_eng.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref>
*Worldwide incidence of syphilis:
*From year 2005 to 2014, the incidence of syphilis in USA has increased from 2.9 to 6.3 cases/100,000/year.  
**2004: approximately 12 million cases<ref name="pmid15247352">{{cite journal| author=Hook EW, Peeling RW| title=Syphilis control--a continuing challenge. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 351 | issue= 2 | pages= 122-4 | pmid=15247352 | doi=10.1056/NEJMp048126 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15247352  }} </ref>
*The incidence of syphilis in USA in the year 2014 is described below:
**2008: approximately 10.9 million cases<ref name="WHO">http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/75181/1/9789241503839_eng.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid23198131">{{cite journal| author=Herbert LJ, Middleton SI| title=An estimate of syphilis incidence in Eastern Europe. | journal=J Glob Health | year= 2012 | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | pages= 010402 | pmid=23198131 | doi=10.7189/jogh.02.010402 | pmc=3484754 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23198131  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27167068">{{cite journal| author=Kenyon CR, Osbak K, Tsoumanis A| title=The Global Epidemiology of Syphilis in the Past Century - A Systematic Review Based on Antenatal Syphilis Prevalence. | journal=PLoS Negl Trop Dis | year= 2016 | volume= 10 | issue= 5 | pages= e0004711 | pmid=27167068 | doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0004711 | pmc=4864207 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27167068  }} </ref>
::*Increase in the rate of reported cases compared with 2013 is 15.1%.<ref name=CDC>https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/surv-2014-print.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref>
**2012: approximately 6 million cases<ref name="pmid26646541">{{cite journal| author=Newman L, Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Wijesooriya NS, Unemo M, Low N et al.| title=Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2015 | volume= 10 | issue= 12 | pages= e0143304 | pmid=26646541 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0143304 | pmc=4672879 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26646541  }} </ref>
::*Increased incidence in every region of the country with highest reported cases in the west and lowest cases in the midwest.
*Incidence of syphilis in the United States:
[[Image:Syphliscdcgraph2.jpg|800px]]
**From 2005 to 2014, the incidence of primary and secondary syphilis increased from 2.9 to 6.3 cases/100,000/year.
 
**From 2009 to 2014, the incidence of late and latent syphilis increased from 5.6 to 7.4 cases/100,000/year.
†Data from CDC
**The rate of reported cases increased by 15.1% between 2013 and 2014.<ref name="CDC">https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/surv-2014-print.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref>  
This graph is property of wikidoc, must be redistributed.
**Syphilis incidence increased in every region of the Untied States in 2014, with the highest rate in the West and lowest rate in the Midwest.  
[[Image:Syphliscdcgraph2.jpg|800px|center|thumb|Source: https://www.cdc.gov/]]


===Prevalence===
===Prevalence===
*In 2008, the prevalence of syphilis was estimated to be 36.4 million cases worldwide.<ref name=WHO>http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/75181/1/9789241503839_eng.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref>
*In 2008, the [[prevalence]] of syphilis was estimated to be 36.4 million cases worldwide.<ref name=WHO>http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/75181/1/9789241503839_eng.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref>
*In 2014, the prevalence of syphilis in USA was estimated to be 20 cases/100,000 individuals.<ref name=CDC>https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/surv-2014-print.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref>
*In 2012, the prevalence of syphilis is estimated to be 18 million cases in men and women aged 15-29 worldwide.<ref name="pmid26646541">{{cite journal| author=Newman L, Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Wijesooriya NS, Unemo M, Low N et al.| title=Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2015 | volume= 10 | issue= 12 | pages= e0143304 | pmid=26646541 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0143304 | pmc=4672879 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26646541  }} </ref>
*In 2014, the prevalence of syphilis in the United States was estimated to be 20 cases/100,000 individuals.<ref name=CDC>https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/surv-2014-print.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref>


==Demographic factors==  
==Demographics ==  
The incidence and prevalence of syphilis may be affected by the following demographic factors:<ref name=CDC>https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/surv-2014-print.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref><ref name=WHO2012http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85376/1/9789241505895_eng.pdf?ua=1 Accessed on September 16, 2016ref>
The incidence and prevalence of syphilis may be affected by the following demographic factors:<ref name=CDC>https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/surv-2014-print.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref><ref name=WHO2012>http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85376/1/9789241505895_eng.pdf?ua=1 Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref>


===Age===
===Age===
In 2014, the highest rate of primary and secondary syphilis in USA was seen in age groups 20-24 years and 25-29 years.<ref name=CDC>https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/surv-2014-print.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref>
In 2014, the highest rate of primary and secondary syphilis in the United States was seen in age groups 20-24 years and 25-29 years.<ref name=CDC>https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/surv-2014-print.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid23403598">{{cite journal| author=Satterwhite CL, Torrone E, Meites E, Dunne EF, Mahajan R, Ocfemia MC et al.| title=Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and incidence estimates, 2008. | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 2013 | volume= 40 | issue= 3 | pages= 187-93 | pmid=23403598 | doi=10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318286bb53 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23403598  }} </ref>
 
[[Image:Syphilis Age and sex.jpg|center|500px|thumb|Source: https://www.cdc.gov/]]


===Gender===
===Gender===
*There is increased incidence of primary and secondary syphilis in men who have sex with men compared with women. However, there is no significant difference in incidence of syphilis among men who have sex with women compared with women.
*There is increased [[incidence]] of primary and secondary syphilis in men who have sex with men (MSM).
*In 2014, out of 19,999 total reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis, 61% were estimated to be among males who have sex with males.<ref name=CDC>https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/surv-2014-print.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid23049658">{{cite journal| author=Purcell DW, Johnson CH, Lansky A, Prejean J, Stein R, Denning P et al.| title=Estimating the population size of men who have sex with men in the United States to obtain HIV and syphilis rates. | journal=Open AIDS J | year= 2012 | volume= 6 | issue=  | pages= 98-107 | pmid=23049658 | doi=10.2174/1874613601206010098 | pmc=3462414 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23049658  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17463387">{{cite journal| author=Heffelfinger JD, Swint EB, Berman SM, Weinstock HS| title=Trends in primary and secondary syphilis among men who have sex with men in the United States. | journal=Am J Public Health | year= 2007 | volume= 97 | issue= 6 | pages= 1076-83 | pmid=17463387 | doi=10.2105/AJPH.2005.070417 | pmc=1874206 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17463387  }} </ref><ref name="pmid6893897">{{cite journal| author=Judson FN, Penley KA, Robinson ME, Smith JK| title=Comparative prevalence rates of sexually transmitted diseases in heterosexual and homosexual men. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 1980 | volume= 112 | issue= 6 | pages= 836-43 | pmid=6893897 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6893897  }} </ref><ref name=WHO2012http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85376/1/9789241505895_eng.pdf?=1 Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref>
**In 2014, 61% of 19,999 total reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis were estimated to be among MSM.<ref name="CDC">https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/surv-2014-print.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref><ref name="WHO2012">http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85376/1/9789241505895_eng.pdf?=1 Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid23049658">{{cite journal| author=Purcell DW, Johnson CH, Lansky A, Prejean J, Stein R, Denning P et al.| title=Estimating the population size of men who have sex with men in the United States to obtain HIV and syphilis rates. | journal=Open AIDS J | year= 2012 | volume= 6 | issue=  | pages= 98-107 | pmid=23049658 | doi=10.2174/1874613601206010098 | pmc=3462414 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23049658  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17463387">{{cite journal| author=Heffelfinger JD, Swint EB, Berman SM, Weinstock HS| title=Trends in primary and secondary syphilis among men who have sex with men in the United States. | journal=Am J Public Health | year= 2007 | volume= 97 | issue= 6 | pages= 1076-83 | pmid=17463387 | doi=10.2105/AJPH.2005.070417 | pmc=1874206 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17463387  }} </ref><ref name="pmid6893897">{{cite journal| author=Judson FN, Penley KA, Robinson ME, Smith JK| title=Comparative prevalence rates of sexually transmitted diseases in heterosexual and homosexual men. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 1980 | volume= 112 | issue= 6 | pages= 836-43 | pmid=6893897 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6893897  }} </ref>
 
====Primary and Secondary Syphilis — Reported Cases by Stage, Sex, and Sexual Behavior, 2014====
 
[[Image:Syphilis 3.jpg|500px|center|thumb|Source: https://www.cdc.gov/]]


===Race===
===Race===
*Syphilis is more prevalent in the african population as compared to other racial groups.  
*Syphilis is more prevalent in the African American population as compared to other racial groups.<ref name="pmid26646541">{{cite journal| author=Newman L, Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Wijesooriya NS, Unemo M, Low N et al.| title=Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2015 | volume= 10 | issue= 12 | pages= e0143304 | pmid=26646541 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0143304 | pmc=4672879 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26646541  }} </ref>
*In 2014, the highest incidence of primary and secondary syphilis in USA was reported to be in african american poulation and lowest incidence was observed in whites, asians and mutiracial groups.<ref name=CDC>https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/surv-2014-print.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref>
*In 2014, the highest incidence of primary and secondary syphilis in the United States was reported to be in the African American population and the lowest incidence was observed in Caucasisans, Asians and multiracial groups.<ref name=CDC>https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/surv-2014-print.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016</ref>


====Primary and Secondary Syphilis — Reported Cases by Sex, Sexual Behavior, and Race/Ethnicity, United States, 2014====


[[File:Primary and secondary syphilis rates.gif|thumb|Note: The Healthy People 2010 target for primary & secondary syphilis is 0.2 case per 100,000 population.|left|650px]]<br clear="left"/>
[[Image:Syphilis 4.jpg|500px|center|thumb|Source: https://www.cdc.gov/]]


===Geographical distribution===


[[File:Primary and secondary syphilis rates by region.gif|thumb|Note: The Healthy People 2010 target for primary & secondary syphilis is 0.2 case per 100,000 population.|left|650px]]<br clear="left"/>
Worldwide, the highest [[incidence]] and [[prevalence]] of syphilis was seen in Africa and South East Asia, while the lowest was seen in Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean region in 2012.<ref name="pmid26646541">{{cite journal| author=Newman L, Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Wijesooriya NS, Unemo M, Low N et al.| title=Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2015 | volume= 10 | issue= 12 | pages= e0143304 | pmid=26646541 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0143304 | pmc=4672879 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26646541  }} </ref>


[[File:Primary and secondary syphilis rates by state.gif|thumb|Note: The total rate of primary & secondary syphilis for the United States and outlying areas (Guam, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands) was 3.8 per 100,000 population. The Healthy People 2010 target is 0.2 case per 100,000 population.|left|650px]]<br clear="left"/>
'''United States'''


[[File:Primary and secondary syphilis rates by county.gif|thumb|Note: The Healthy People 2010 target for primary and secondary syphilis is 0.2 case per 100,000 population. In 2007, 2,274 (72.4%) of 3,140 counties in the U.S. reported no cases of primary and secondary syphilis.|left|650px]]<br clear="left"/>
:*Rates of reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis by state for 2014 is shown in the map below:


<gallery perRow="3">
:[[Image:Syphilis 7.jpg|500px|thumb|center|Source: https://www.cdc.gov/]]
File:CDC Syphilis- Figure 33.gif


File:CDC Syphilis- Figure 34.gif
:*Rates of reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis by region for 2014 is shown in the map below:


File:CDC Syphilis- Figure 35.gif
:[[Image:Syphilis 6.jpg|500px|center|thumb|Source: https://www.cdc.gov/]]
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
Line 59: Line 67:
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}


[[Category:Gynecology]]
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Urology]]
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Sexually transmitted diseases]]

Latest revision as of 00:23, 30 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]; Nate Michalak, B.A.

Sexually transmitted diseases Main Page

Syphilis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Syphilis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Primary and Secondary Syphilis
Latent Syphilis
Tertiary Syphilis
Neurosyphilis
HIV-Infected Patients
Pregnancy
Management of Sexual Partners

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Syphilis epidemiology and demographics On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Syphilis epidemiology and demographics

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Syphilis epidemiology and demographics

CDC on Syphilis epidemiology and demographics

Syphilis epidemiology and demographics in the news

Blogs on Syphilis epidemiology and demographics

Directions to Hospitals Treating Syphilis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Syphilis epidemiology and demographics

Overview

In 2012, the incidence of syphilis was estimated to be 6 million cases worldwide. From year 2005 to 2014, the incidence of syphilis in the United States increased from 2.9 to 6.3 cases/100,000/year. The rate of reported cases increased by 15.1% between 2013 and 2014 in the United States.[1] Syphilis incidence increased in every region of the Untied States in 2014, with the highest rate in the West and lowest rate in the Midwest. In 2012, the prevalence of syphilis was estimated to be approximately 18 million cases in men and women aged 15-29 worldwide.[2] The incidence and prevalence of syphilis may be affected by age, gender, race, sexual behavior and geographical distribution.[1][3][4][5][6][7]

Epidemiology

Incidence

  • Worldwide incidence of syphilis:
    • 2004: approximately 12 million cases[8]
    • 2008: approximately 10.9 million cases[9][10][11]
    • 2012: approximately 6 million cases[2]
  • Incidence of syphilis in the United States:
    • From 2005 to 2014, the incidence of primary and secondary syphilis increased from 2.9 to 6.3 cases/100,000/year.
    • From 2009 to 2014, the incidence of late and latent syphilis increased from 5.6 to 7.4 cases/100,000/year.
    • The rate of reported cases increased by 15.1% between 2013 and 2014.[1]
    • Syphilis incidence increased in every region of the Untied States in 2014, with the highest rate in the West and lowest rate in the Midwest.
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/

Prevalence

  • In 2008, the prevalence of syphilis was estimated to be 36.4 million cases worldwide.[9]
  • In 2012, the prevalence of syphilis is estimated to be 18 million cases in men and women aged 15-29 worldwide.[2]
  • In 2014, the prevalence of syphilis in the United States was estimated to be 20 cases/100,000 individuals.[1]

Demographics

The incidence and prevalence of syphilis may be affected by the following demographic factors:[1][4]

Age

In 2014, the highest rate of primary and secondary syphilis in the United States was seen in age groups 20-24 years and 25-29 years.[1][3]

Source: https://www.cdc.gov/

Gender

  • There is increased incidence of primary and secondary syphilis in men who have sex with men (MSM).
    • In 2014, 61% of 19,999 total reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis were estimated to be among MSM.[1][4][5][6][7]

Primary and Secondary Syphilis — Reported Cases by Stage, Sex, and Sexual Behavior, 2014

Source: https://www.cdc.gov/

Race

  • Syphilis is more prevalent in the African American population as compared to other racial groups.[2]
  • In 2014, the highest incidence of primary and secondary syphilis in the United States was reported to be in the African American population and the lowest incidence was observed in Caucasisans, Asians and multiracial groups.[1]

Primary and Secondary Syphilis — Reported Cases by Sex, Sexual Behavior, and Race/Ethnicity, United States, 2014

Source: https://www.cdc.gov/

Geographical distribution

Worldwide, the highest incidence and prevalence of syphilis was seen in Africa and South East Asia, while the lowest was seen in Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean region in 2012.[2]

United States

  • Rates of reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis by state for 2014 is shown in the map below:
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/
  • Rates of reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis by region for 2014 is shown in the map below:
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/surv-2014-print.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Newman L, Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Wijesooriya NS, Unemo M, Low N; et al. (2015). "Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting". PLoS One. 10 (12): e0143304. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143304. PMC 4672879. PMID 26646541.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Satterwhite CL, Torrone E, Meites E, Dunne EF, Mahajan R, Ocfemia MC; et al. (2013). "Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and incidence estimates, 2008". Sex Transm Dis. 40 (3): 187–93. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318286bb53. PMID 23403598.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85376/1/9789241505895_eng.pdf?=1 Accessed on September 16, 2016
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Purcell DW, Johnson CH, Lansky A, Prejean J, Stein R, Denning P; et al. (2012). "Estimating the population size of men who have sex with men in the United States to obtain HIV and syphilis rates". Open AIDS J. 6: 98–107. doi:10.2174/1874613601206010098. PMC 3462414. PMID 23049658.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Heffelfinger JD, Swint EB, Berman SM, Weinstock HS (2007). "Trends in primary and secondary syphilis among men who have sex with men in the United States". Am J Public Health. 97 (6): 1076–83. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.070417. PMC 1874206. PMID 17463387.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Judson FN, Penley KA, Robinson ME, Smith JK (1980). "Comparative prevalence rates of sexually transmitted diseases in heterosexual and homosexual men". Am J Epidemiol. 112 (6): 836–43. PMID 6893897.
  8. ↑ Hook EW, Peeling RW (2004). "Syphilis control--a continuing challenge". N Engl J Med. 351 (2): 122–4. doi:10.1056/NEJMp048126. PMID 15247352.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/75181/1/9789241503839_eng.pdf Accessed on September 16, 2016
  10. ↑ Herbert LJ, Middleton SI (2012). "An estimate of syphilis incidence in Eastern Europe". J Glob Health. 2 (1): 010402. doi:10.7189/jogh.02.010402. PMC 3484754. PMID 23198131.
  11. ↑ Kenyon CR, Osbak K, Tsoumanis A (2016). "The Global Epidemiology of Syphilis in the Past Century - A Systematic Review Based on Antenatal Syphilis Prevalence". PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 10 (5): e0004711. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004711. PMC 4864207. PMID 27167068.


Template:WikiDoc Sources

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Syphilis_epidemiology_and_demographics&oldid=1643790"