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Echocardiography is helpful to diagnose [[pulmonary hypertension]] in patients with long standing chronic bronchitis. | Echocardiography is helpful to diagnose [[pulmonary hypertension]] in patients with long standing chronic bronchitis. | ||
==Echocardiography== | ==Echocardiography== | ||
Patients with chronic bronchitis may develop pulmonary hypertension due to long standing disease and hypoxemia. The hypoxemia causes vascular remodeling eventually leading to right sided heart failure or cor pulmonale | Patients with chronic bronchitis may develop pulmonary hypertension due to long standing disease and [[hypoxemia]]. The hypoxemia causes vascular remodeling eventually leading to right sided heart failure or cor pulmonale. Although, the gold standard for diagnosis of [[cor pulmonale]] is right heart catheterization, [[echocardiography]] is the first step to evaluate for pulmonary hypertension. If the echocardiography findings are normal, [[pulmonary hypertension]] may be ruled out. | ||
*Chronic bronchitis may lead to [[LVH| | *Chronic bronchitis may lead to [[LVH|left ventricular hypertrophy]]<ref name="pmid2145135">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kohama A, Tanouchi J, Hori M, Kitabatake A, Kamada T |title=Pathologic involvement of the left ventricle in chronic cor pulmonale |journal=Chest |volume=98 |issue=4 |pages=794–800 |year=1990 |pmid=2145135 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[LV]] diastolic dysfunction is another consequence of [[COPD]]<ref name="pmid8769491">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schena M, Clini E, Errera D, Quadri A |title=Echo-Doppler evaluation of left ventricular impairment in chronic cor pulmonale |journal=Chest |volume=109 |issue=6 |pages=1446–51 |year=1996 |pmid=8769491 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10235106">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tutar E, Kaya A, Güleç S, Ertaş F, Erol C, Ozdemir O, Oral D |title=Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in chronic cor pulmonale |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=83 |issue=9 |pages=1414–7, A9 |year=1999 |pmid=10235106 |doi= |url=}}</ref>. | *[[LV]] diastolic dysfunction is another consequence of [[COPD]]<ref name="pmid8769491">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schena M, Clini E, Errera D, Quadri A |title=Echo-Doppler evaluation of left ventricular impairment in chronic cor pulmonale |journal=Chest |volume=109 |issue=6 |pages=1446–51 |year=1996 |pmid=8769491 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10235106">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tutar E, Kaya A, Güleç S, Ertaş F, Erol C, Ozdemir O, Oral D |title=Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in chronic cor pulmonale |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=83 |issue=9 |pages=1414–7, A9 |year=1999 |pmid=10235106 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Chronic bronchitis may lead to [[heart failure]] and results in a higher mortality for this group.<ref name="pmid19887495">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boudestein LC, Rutten FH, Cramer MJ, Lammers JW, Hoes AW |title=The impact of concurrent heart failure on prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |journal=Eur. J. Heart Fail. |volume=11 |issue=12 |pages=1182–8 |year=2009 |pmid=19887495 |doi=10.1093/eurjhf/hfp148 |url=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
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[[Category:Pulmonology]] | [[Category:Pulmonology]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]
Overview
Echocardiography is helpful to diagnose pulmonary hypertension in patients with long standing chronic bronchitis.
Echocardiography
Patients with chronic bronchitis may develop pulmonary hypertension due to long standing disease and hypoxemia. The hypoxemia causes vascular remodeling eventually leading to right sided heart failure or cor pulmonale. Although, the gold standard for diagnosis of cor pulmonale is right heart catheterization, echocardiography is the first step to evaluate for pulmonary hypertension. If the echocardiography findings are normal, pulmonary hypertension may be ruled out.
- Chronic bronchitis may lead to left ventricular hypertrophy[1]
- LV diastolic dysfunction is another consequence of COPD[2][3]
- Chronic bronchitis may lead to heart failure and results in a higher mortality for this group.[4]
References
- ↑ Kohama A, Tanouchi J, Hori M, Kitabatake A, Kamada T (1990). "Pathologic involvement of the left ventricle in chronic cor pulmonale". Chest. 98 (4): 794–800. PMID 2145135.
- ↑ Schena M, Clini E, Errera D, Quadri A (1996). "Echo-Doppler evaluation of left ventricular impairment in chronic cor pulmonale". Chest. 109 (6): 1446–51. PMID 8769491.
- ↑ Tutar E, Kaya A, Güleç S, Ertaş F, Erol C, Ozdemir O, Oral D (1999). "Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in chronic cor pulmonale". Am. J. Cardiol. 83 (9): 1414–7, A9. PMID 10235106.
- ↑ Boudestein LC, Rutten FH, Cramer MJ, Lammers JW, Hoes AW (2009). "The impact of concurrent heart failure on prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". Eur. J. Heart Fail. 11 (12): 1182–8. doi:10.1093/eurjhf/hfp148. PMID 19887495.