Mycoplasma genitalium: Difference between revisions

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{{Taxobox
#REDIRECT[[Mycoplasma genitalium infection]]
| color = lightgrey
| name = ''Mycoplasma genitalium''
| image = Mycoplasma genitalium.gif
| regnum = [[Bacterium|Bacteria]]
| divisio = [[Firmicutes]]
| classis = [[Mollicutes]]
| ordo = [[Mycoplasmatales]]
| familia = [[Mycoplasmataceae]]
| genus = ''[[Mycoplasma]]''
| species = '''''M. genitalium'''''
| binomial = ''Mycoplasma genitalium''
| binomial_authority = Tully et al., 1983
}}
 
__NOTOC__
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{DN}}
{{SI}}
 
==Overview==
==Classification==
 
==Historical Perspective==
*'''''[[Mycoplasma genitalium]]''''' is the 11th '''''[[Mycoplasma]]''''' species of human origin.<ref name="pmid21734246">{{cite journal |vauthors=Taylor-Robinson D, Jensen JS |title=Mycoplasma genitalium: from Chrysalis to multicolored butterfly |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=498–514 |year=2011 |pmid=21734246 |pmc=3131060 |doi=10.1128/CMR.00006-11 |url=}}</ref>
*In 1980, 13 men were tested for non-gonoccal [[urethritis]] (NGU). '''''[[Mycoplasma genitalium]]''''' was isolated from 2 of those 13 men.<ref name="pmid27605499">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jensen JS, Cusini M, Gomberg M, Moi H |title=Background review for the 2016 European guideline on Mycoplasma genitalium infections |journal=J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2016 |pmid=27605499 |doi=10.1111/jdv.13850 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26975162">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Summary of 2015 CDC Treatment Guidelines |journal=J Miss State Med Assoc |volume=56 |issue=12 |pages=372–5 |year=2015 |pmid=26975162 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12599082">{{cite journal |vauthors=Manhart LE, Critchlow CW, Holmes KK, Dutro SM, Eschenbach DA, Stevens CE, Totten PA |title=Mucopurulent cervicitis and Mycoplasma genitalium |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=187 |issue=4 |pages=650–7 |year=2003 |pmid=12599082 |doi=10.1086/367992 |url=}}</ref>
*In the early 1990s, [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) was developed, which allowed for diagnosis of '''''[[Mycoplasma genitalium]]'''''.<ref name="pmid27605499">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jensen JS, Cusini M, Gomberg M, Moi H |title=Background review for the 2016 European guideline on Mycoplasma genitalium infections |journal=J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2016 |pmid=27605499 |doi=10.1111/jdv.13850 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12599082">{{cite journal |vauthors=Manhart LE, Critchlow CW, Holmes KK, Dutro SM, Eschenbach DA, Stevens CE, Totten PA |title=Mucopurulent cervicitis and Mycoplasma genitalium |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=187 |issue=4 |pages=650–7 |year=2003 |pmid=12599082 |doi=10.1086/367992 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16877571">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ross JD, Jensen JS |title=Mycoplasma genitalium as a sexually transmitted infection: implications for screening, testing, and treatment |journal=Sex Transm Infect |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=269–71 |year=2006 |pmid=16877571 |pmc=2564705 |doi=10.1136/sti.2005.017368 |url=}}</ref>
*Since 1993, the role of '''''[[Mycoplasma genitalium]]''''' as a cause of non-gonococcal [[urethritis]] has appeared in literature following the advances in [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR).<ref name="pmid16877571">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ross JD, Jensen JS |title=Mycoplasma genitalium as a sexually transmitted infection: implications for screening, testing, and treatment |journal=Sex Transm Infect |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=269–71 |year=2006 |pmid=16877571 |pmc=2564705 |doi=10.1136/sti.2005.017368 |url=}}</ref>
 
==Pathophysiology==
===Pathogenesis===
===Genetics===
===Associated Conditions===
===Gross Pathology===
===Microscopic Pathology===
==Causes==
==Differentiating Mycoplasma genitalium infection from other diseases==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Risk Factors==
There several risk factors that have been identified with '''''[[Mycoplasma genitalium]]''''' infection. These risk factors include:<ref name="pmid27605499">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jensen JS, Cusini M, Gomberg M, Moi H |title=Background review for the 2016 European guideline on Mycoplasma genitalium infections |journal=J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2016 |pmid=27605499 |doi=10.1111/jdv.13850 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12599082">{{cite journal |vauthors=Manhart LE, Critchlow CW, Holmes KK, Dutro SM, Eschenbach DA, Stevens CE, Totten PA |title=Mucopurulent cervicitis and Mycoplasma genitalium |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=187 |issue=4 |pages=650–7 |year=2003 |pmid=12599082 |doi=10.1086/367992 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20679963">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hancock EB, Manhart LE, Nelson SJ, Kerani R, Wroblewski JK, Totten PA |title=Comprehensive assessment of sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors for Mycoplasma genitalium infection in women |journal=Sex Transm Dis |volume=37 |issue=12 |pages=777–83 |year=2010 |pmid=20679963 |pmc=4628821 |doi=10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181e8087e |url=}}</ref>
*High risk sexual behavior, defined as having >3 new sexual partners in the past year
*Being engaged in sexual contact with persons with [[STDs]], particularly '''''[[Mycoplasma genitalium]]'''''
*Non-white race
*Having a black partner
*Young age (<20 years old)
*[[Smoking]]
*Having less than high school education
*Having an annual income of less than $10,000
*Risk factors specific to [[females]] includes:
**Frequent douching
**Proliferative phase of the [[menstrual cycle]]
**History of spontaneous [[miscarriage]]
**Undergoing procedures that breach the [[cervical]] barrier
**Use of [[Depo-Provera]] for [[contraception]]
 
==Screening==
==Natural history, Complications and Prognosis==
==History==
==Physical Examination==
==Laboratory Findings==
==X-Ray==
==CT==
==Other Imaging Findings==
==Other Diagnostic Studies==
==Medical Therapy==
==Surgical Therapy==
==Primary Prevention==
==Secondary Prevention==
==References==
 
 
 
 
[[Category:Infectious Disease]]
[[Category:Primary Care]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]
[[Category:Urology]]
 
{{WH}}{{WS}}
 
{{Reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 17:33, 27 February 2017