Erythrasma laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Laboratory tests performed for suspected erythrasma include those that confirm a ''[[Corynebacterium|Corynebacterium minitissimum]]'' infection. The most common laboratory test is a [[Wood's lamp]] examination; coral-red [[fluorescence]] is indicative of ''[[Corynebacterium|Corynebacterium minitissimum]]''. A culture may be performed to specify the pathogen; ''[[Corynebacterium|Corynebacterium minutissimum]]'' will present as non-[[hemolytic]] smooth colonies that are 1-1.5mm in size. [[Gram staining|Gram stain]] analysis of ''[[Corynebacterium minitissimum]]'' may reveal slightly curved [[bacterial]] rods that display violet or blue coloration, indicative of [[gram positive]]. | |||
==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
===Wood's Lamp Examination=== | |||
*A [[Wood's lamp]] examination is commonly performed on patients with suspected erythrasma to determine a ''[[Corynebacterium|Corynebacterium minitissimum]]'' infection.<ref name="pmid27606125">{{cite journal |vauthors=Blasco-Morente G, Arias-Santiago S, Pérez-López I, Martínez-López A |title=Coral-Red Fluorescence of Erythrasma Plaque |journal=Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=e381–2 |year=2016 |pmid=27606125 |pmc=4996308 |doi=10.18295/squmj.2016.16.03.023 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Coral-red [[fluorescence]] is indicative of ''[[Corynebacterium|Corynebacterium minitissimum]]'', as a result of produced coproporphyrin III.<ref name="pmid24525168">{{cite journal |vauthors=Blasco Morente G, Martínez Peinado C, Martínez García E, Tercedor Sánchez J |title=[Wood's lamp in congenital erythropoietic porphyria] |language=Spanish; Castilian |journal=An Pediatr (Barc) |volume=81 |issue=6 |pages=403–4 |year=2014 |pmid=24525168 |doi=10.1016/j.anpedi.2014.01.005 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23062922">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wilson BB, Wagenseller A, Noland MM |title=An atypical presentation of erythrasma |journal=J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. |volume=67 |issue=5 |pages=e217–8 |year=2012 |pmid=23062922 |doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2012.04.004 |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Culture=== | ===Culture=== | ||
*An [[epidermal]] swab of the affected region may provide samples of the pathogenic ''[[Corynebacterium|Corynebacterium minitissimum]]''.<ref name="pmid12010076">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holdiness MR |title=Management of cutaneous erythrasma |journal=Drugs |volume=62 |issue=8 |pages=1131–41 |year=2002 |pmid=12010076 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *An [[epidermal]] swab of the affected region may provide samples of the pathogenic ''[[Corynebacterium|Corynebacterium minitissimum]]''.<ref name="pmid12010076">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holdiness MR |title=Management of cutaneous erythrasma |journal=Drugs |volume=62 |issue=8 |pages=1131–41 |year=2002 |pmid=12010076 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
**''[[Corynebacterium|Corynebacterium | **''[[Corynebacterium|Corynebacterium minutissimum]]'' will present as non-[[hemolytic]] smooth colonies that are 1-1.5mm in size.<ref name="pmid15310342">{{cite journal |vauthors=Karakatsanis G, Vakirlis E, Kastoridou C, Devliotou-Panagiotidou D |title=Coexistence of pityriasis versicolor and erythrasma |journal=Mycoses |volume=47 |issue=7 |pages=343–5 |year=2004 |pmid=15310342 |doi=10.1111/j.1439-0507.2004.00997.x |url=}}</ref> | ||
**Due to the 2-3 week incubation requirements and the low sensitivity, culture analysis is not effective as a sole diagnostic measure.<ref name="pmid25477907">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sariguzel FM, Koc AN, Yagmur G, Berk E |title=Interdigital foot infections: Corynebacterium minutissimum and agents of superficial mycoses |journal=Braz. J. Microbiol. |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=781–4 |year=2014 |pmid=25477907 |pmc=4204958 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | **''[[Corynebacterium|Corynebacterium minutissimum]]'' can be distinguished from other [[serotypes]] by its lack of necessity for [[lipids]] to grow in vitro.<ref name="pmid2116939">{{cite journal |vauthors=Coyle MB, Lipsky BA |title=Coryneform bacteria in infectious diseases: clinical and laboratory aspects |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=227–46 |year=1990 |pmid=2116939 |pmc=358157 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Due to the 2-3 week incubation requirements and the low sensitivity, culture analysis is not effective as a sole diagnostic measure.<ref name="pmid25477907">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sariguzel FM, Koc AN, Yagmur G, Berk E |title=Interdigital foot infections: Corynebacterium minutissimum and agents of superficial mycoses |journal=Braz. J. Microbiol. |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=781–4 |year=2014 |pmid=25477907 |pmc=4204958 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Gram staining=== | ===Gram staining=== | ||
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{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Dermatology]] | [[Category:Dermatology]] | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Laboratory tests performed for suspected erythrasma include those that confirm a Corynebacterium minitissimum infection. The most common laboratory test is a Wood's lamp examination; coral-red fluorescence is indicative of Corynebacterium minitissimum. A culture may be performed to specify the pathogen; Corynebacterium minutissimum will present as non-hemolytic smooth colonies that are 1-1.5mm in size. Gram stain analysis of Corynebacterium minitissimum may reveal slightly curved bacterial rods that display violet or blue coloration, indicative of gram positive.
Laboratory Findings
Wood's Lamp Examination
- A Wood's lamp examination is commonly performed on patients with suspected erythrasma to determine a Corynebacterium minitissimum infection.[1]
- Coral-red fluorescence is indicative of Corynebacterium minitissimum, as a result of produced coproporphyrin III.[2][3]
Culture
- An epidermal swab of the affected region may provide samples of the pathogenic Corynebacterium minitissimum.[4]
- Corynebacterium minutissimum will present as non-hemolytic smooth colonies that are 1-1.5mm in size.[5]
- Corynebacterium minutissimum can be distinguished from other serotypes by its lack of necessity for lipids to grow in vitro.[6]
- Due to the 2-3 week incubation requirements and the low sensitivity, culture analysis is not effective as a sole diagnostic measure.[7]
Gram staining
- Gram stain analysis of Corynebacterium minitissimum, a gram-positive will reveal the following:[8]
- Violet or blue coloration due to gram-positive rods reacting with the gram-stain
- Slightly curved bacterial rods[9]
References
- ↑ Blasco-Morente G, Arias-Santiago S, Pérez-López I, Martínez-López A (2016). "Coral-Red Fluorescence of Erythrasma Plaque". Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 16 (3): e381–2. doi:10.18295/squmj.2016.16.03.023. PMC 4996308. PMID 27606125.
- ↑ Blasco Morente G, Martínez Peinado C, Martínez García E, Tercedor Sánchez J (2014). "[Wood's lamp in congenital erythropoietic porphyria]". An Pediatr (Barc) (in Spanish; Castilian). 81 (6): 403–4. doi:10.1016/j.anpedi.2014.01.005. PMID 24525168.
- ↑ Wilson BB, Wagenseller A, Noland MM (2012). "An atypical presentation of erythrasma". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 67 (5): e217–8. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2012.04.004. PMID 23062922.
- ↑ Holdiness MR (2002). "Management of cutaneous erythrasma". Drugs. 62 (8): 1131–41. PMID 12010076.
- ↑ Karakatsanis G, Vakirlis E, Kastoridou C, Devliotou-Panagiotidou D (2004). "Coexistence of pityriasis versicolor and erythrasma". Mycoses. 47 (7): 343–5. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2004.00997.x. PMID 15310342.
- ↑ Coyle MB, Lipsky BA (1990). "Coryneform bacteria in infectious diseases: clinical and laboratory aspects". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 3 (3): 227–46. PMC 358157. PMID 2116939.
- ↑ Sariguzel FM, Koc AN, Yagmur G, Berk E (2014). "Interdigital foot infections: Corynebacterium minutissimum and agents of superficial mycoses". Braz. J. Microbiol. 45 (3): 781–4. PMC 4204958. PMID 25477907.
- ↑ Granok, Alexander B.; Benjamin, Patti; Garrett, Lee S. (2002). "Corynebacterium minutissimumBacteremia in an Immunocompetent Host with Cellulitis". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 35 (4): e40–e42. doi:10.1086/341981. ISSN 1058-4838.
- ↑ Shin JY, Lee WK, Seo YH, Park YS (2014). "Postoperative Abdominal Infection Caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum". Infect Chemother. 46 (4): 261–3. doi:10.3947/ic.2014.46.4.261. PMC 4285009. PMID 25566407.