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{{Syphilis}}
{{Syphilis}}
==Overview==-
==Overview==
Other imaging findings of syphilis include novel PET/CT technology, multimodal ophthalmologic imaging, bone scintigraphy, and angiography. PET/CT is a novel imaging study which portrays 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) uptake enhanced regions superimposed on cross sectional CT images. Multimodal ophthalmologic imaging combines ophthalmoscopy with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to produce high definition imaging of the posterior chamber of the eye. Bone scintigraphy allows clinicians to visualize bone uptake of Technetium-99 (T-99m) using x ray technology. These imaging findings allow clinicians to detect syphilitic manifestations involving the bone, retina, heart, lungs, and lymph nodes.<ref name="pmid21637078">{{cite journal| author=Wang X, Yin J, Chen X| title=Syphilitic bone destruction on FDG PET/CT. | journal=Clin Nucl Med | year= 2011 | volume= 36 | issue= 7 | pages= 616-8 | pmid=21637078 | doi=10.1097/RLU.0b013e318219ac62 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21637078  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21431031">{{cite journal| author=Kim HJ, Seon HJ, Shin HH, Choi YD| title=Case report: Pulmonary syphilis mimicking pulmonary hematogenous metastases on chest CT and integrated PET/CT. | journal=Indian J Radiol Imaging | year= 2011 | volume= 21 | issue= 1 | pages= 34-7 | pmid=21431031 | doi=10.4103/0971-3026.76052 | pmc=3056368 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21431031  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21431031">{{cite journal| author=Kim HJ, Seon HJ, Shin HH, Choi YD| title=Case report: Pulmonary syphilis mimicking pulmonary hematogenous metastases on chest CT and integrated PET/CT. | journal=Indian J Radiol Imaging | year= 2011 | volume= 21 | issue= 1 | pages= 34-7 | pmid=21431031 | doi=10.4103/0971-3026.76052 | pmc=3056368 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21431031  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26929943">{{cite journal| author=Kim JM, Lee SM, Bae SB, Lee JS, Kim SY| title=The role of PET/CT in diagnosing generalized lymphadenopathy in asymptomatic secondary syphilis. | journal=Hell J Nucl Med | year= 2016 | volume= 19 | issue= 1 | pages= 60-2 | pmid=26929943 | doi=10.1967/s002449910340 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26929943  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19795120">{{cite journal| author=Naraghi AM, Salonen DC, Bloom JA, Becker EJ| title=Magnetic resonance imaging features of osseous manifestations of early acquired syphilis. | journal=Skeletal Radiol | year= 2010 | volume= 39 | issue= 3 | pages= 305-9 | pmid=19795120 | doi=10.1007/s00256-009-0806-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19795120  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26237137">{{cite journal| author=Curi AL, Sarraf D, Cunningham ET| title=MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF SYPHILITIC MULTIFOCAL RETINITIS. | journal=Retin Cases Brief Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 9 | issue= 4 | pages= 277-80 | pmid=26237137 | doi=10.1097/ICB.0000000000000186 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26237137  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25980046">{{cite journal| author=Sekine Y, Yashiro S, O'hira A, Yoshida N, Morinaga M, Nagashima N et al.| title=[Multimodal imaging of a case of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis]. | journal=Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi | year= 2015 | volume= 119 | issue= 4 | pages= 266-72 | pmid=25980046 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25980046  }} </ref>
Other imaging findings of syphilis include novel PET/CT technology, multimodal ophthalmologic imaging, bone [[scintigraphy]], and [[angiography]]. PET/CT is a novel imaging study which portrays 18F-[[Fluorodeoxyglucose]] (FDG) uptake enhanced regions superimposed on cross sectional CT images. Multimodal ophthalmologic imaging combines ophthalmoscopy with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to produce high definition imaging of the posterior chamber of the eye. Bone scintigraphy allows clinicians to visualize bone uptake of Technetium-99 (T-99m) using x-ray technology. These imaging findings allow clinicians to detect syphilitic manifestations involving the bone, retina, heart, lungs, and lymph nodes.<ref name="pmid21637078">{{cite journal| author=Wang X, Yin J, Chen X| title=Syphilitic bone destruction on FDG PET/CT. | journal=Clin Nucl Med | year= 2011 | volume= 36 | issue= 7 | pages= 616-8 | pmid=21637078 | doi=10.1097/RLU.0b013e318219ac62 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21637078  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21431031">{{cite journal| author=Kim HJ, Seon HJ, Shin HH, Choi YD| title=Case report: Pulmonary syphilis mimicking pulmonary hematogenous metastases on chest CT and integrated PET/CT. | journal=Indian J Radiol Imaging | year= 2011 | volume= 21 | issue= 1 | pages= 34-7 | pmid=21431031 | doi=10.4103/0971-3026.76052 | pmc=3056368 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21431031  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21431031">{{cite journal| author=Kim HJ, Seon HJ, Shin HH, Choi YD| title=Case report: Pulmonary syphilis mimicking pulmonary hematogenous metastases on chest CT and integrated PET/CT. | journal=Indian J Radiol Imaging | year= 2011 | volume= 21 | issue= 1 | pages= 34-7 | pmid=21431031 | doi=10.4103/0971-3026.76052 | pmc=3056368 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21431031  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26929943">{{cite journal| author=Kim JM, Lee SM, Bae SB, Lee JS, Kim SY| title=The role of PET/CT in diagnosing generalized lymphadenopathy in asymptomatic secondary syphilis. | journal=Hell J Nucl Med | year= 2016 | volume= 19 | issue= 1 | pages= 60-2 | pmid=26929943 | doi=10.1967/s002449910340 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26929943  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19795120">{{cite journal| author=Naraghi AM, Salonen DC, Bloom JA, Becker EJ| title=Magnetic resonance imaging features of osseous manifestations of early acquired syphilis. | journal=Skeletal Radiol | year= 2010 | volume= 39 | issue= 3 | pages= 305-9 | pmid=19795120 | doi=10.1007/s00256-009-0806-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19795120  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26237137">{{cite journal| author=Curi AL, Sarraf D, Cunningham ET| title=MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF SYPHILITIC MULTIFOCAL RETINITIS. | journal=Retin Cases Brief Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 9 | issue= 4 | pages= 277-80 | pmid=26237137 | doi=10.1097/ICB.0000000000000186 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26237137  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25980046">{{cite journal| author=Sekine Y, Yashiro S, O'hira A, Yoshida N, Morinaga M, Nagashima N et al.| title=[Multimodal imaging of a case of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis]. | journal=Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi | year= 2015 | volume= 119 | issue= 4 | pages= 266-72 | pmid=25980046 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25980046  }} </ref>
==Other imaging studies==
==Other imaging studies==
Other imaging findings of syphilis include novel PET/CT technology, multimodal ophthalmologic imaging, bone [[scintigraphy]], and [[angiography]]. These imaging findings allow clinicians to detect syphilitic manifestations involving the bone, retina, heart, lungs, and lymph nodes.
===PET/CT (FDG Uptake)===
===PET/CT (FDG Uptake)===
====Bone====
:'''Bone'''
*Increased FDG uptake and osseous destruction<ref name="pmid21637078">{{cite journal| author=Wang X, Yin J, Chen X| title=Syphilitic bone destruction on FDG PET/CT. | journal=Clin Nucl Med | year= 2011 | volume= 36 | issue= 7 | pages= 616-8 | pmid=21637078 | doi=10.1097/RLU.0b013e318219ac62 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21637078  }} </ref>
:*Increased 18F-[[Fluorodeoxyglucose]] (FDG) uptake and osseous destruction<ref name="pmid21637078">{{cite journal| author=Wang X, Yin J, Chen X| title=Syphilitic bone destruction on FDG PET/CT. | journal=Clin Nucl Med | year= 2011 | volume= 36 | issue= 7 | pages= 616-8 | pmid=21637078 | doi=10.1097/RLU.0b013e318219ac62 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21637078  }} </ref>
====Pulmonary====
:'''Pulmonary'''
*Increased FDG uptake in multiple pulmonary nodules (mimicking pulmonary metastasis)<ref name="pmid21431031">{{cite journal| author=Kim HJ, Seon HJ, Shin HH, Choi YD| title=Case report: Pulmonary syphilis mimicking pulmonary hematogenous metastases on chest CT and integrated PET/CT. | journal=Indian J Radiol Imaging | year= 2011 | volume= 21 | issue= 1 | pages= 34-7 | pmid=21431031 | doi=10.4103/0971-3026.76052 | pmc=3056368 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21431031  }} </ref>
:*Increased FDG uptake in multiple pulmonary nodules (mimicking [[pulmonary metastasis]])<ref name="pmid21431031">{{cite journal| author=Kim HJ, Seon HJ, Shin HH, Choi YD| title=Case report: Pulmonary syphilis mimicking pulmonary hematogenous metastases on chest CT and integrated PET/CT. | journal=Indian J Radiol Imaging | year= 2011 | volume= 21 | issue= 1 | pages= 34-7 | pmid=21431031 | doi=10.4103/0971-3026.76052 | pmc=3056368 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21431031  }} </ref>
====Other====
:'''Other'''
*Increased FDG uptake in lymph nodes (generalized lymphadenopathy in secondary syphilis)<ref name="pmid26929943">{{cite journal| author=Kim JM, Lee SM, Bae SB, Lee JS, Kim SY| title=The role of PET/CT in diagnosing generalized lymphadenopathy in asymptomatic secondary syphilis. | journal=Hell J Nucl Med | year= 2016 | volume= 19 | issue= 1 | pages= 60-2 | pmid=26929943 | doi=10.1967/s002449910340 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26929943  }} </ref>
:*Increased FDG uptake in lymph nodes (generalized [[lymphadenopathy]] in secondary syphilis)<ref name="pmid26929943">{{cite journal| author=Kim JM, Lee SM, Bae SB, Lee JS, Kim SY| title=The role of PET/CT in diagnosing generalized lymphadenopathy in asymptomatic secondary syphilis. | journal=Hell J Nucl Med | year= 2016 | volume= 19 | issue= 1 | pages= 60-2 | pmid=26929943 | doi=10.1967/s002449910340 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26929943  }} </ref>
 
===Bone Scintigraphy===
===Bone Scintigraphy===
*Heterogenous uptake of T-99m uptake<ref name="pmid19795120">{{cite journal| author=Naraghi AM, Salonen DC, Bloom JA, Becker EJ| title=Magnetic resonance imaging features of osseous manifestations of early acquired syphilis. | journal=Skeletal Radiol | year= 2010 | volume= 39 | issue= 3 | pages= 305-9 | pmid=19795120 | doi=10.1007/s00256-009-0806-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19795120  }} </ref>
*Heterogenous uptake of [[Technetium-99m|T-99m]]<ref name="pmid19795120">{{cite journal| author=Naraghi AM, Salonen DC, Bloom JA, Becker EJ| title=Magnetic resonance imaging features of osseous manifestations of early acquired syphilis. | journal=Skeletal Radiol | year= 2010 | volume= 39 | issue= 3 | pages= 305-9 | pmid=19795120 | doi=10.1007/s00256-009-0806-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19795120  }} </ref>
 
===Multimodal Ophthalmologic Imaging===
===Multimodal Ophthalmologic Imaging===
*Multifocal lesions <ref name="pmid26237137">{{cite journal| author=Curi AL, Sarraf D, Cunningham ET| title=MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF SYPHILITIC MULTIFOCAL RETINITIS. | journal=Retin Cases Brief Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 9 | issue= 4 | pages= 277-80 | pmid=26237137 | doi=10.1097/ICB.0000000000000186 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26237137  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25980046">{{cite journal| author=Sekine Y, Yashiro S, O'hira A, Yoshida N, Morinaga M, Nagashima N et al.| title=[Multimodal imaging of a case of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis]. | journal=Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi | year= 2015 | volume= 119 | issue= 4 | pages= 266-72 | pmid=25980046 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25980046  }} </ref>
*Multifocal lesions <ref name="pmid26237137">{{cite journal| author=Curi AL, Sarraf D, Cunningham ET| title=MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF SYPHILITIC MULTIFOCAL RETINITIS. | journal=Retin Cases Brief Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 9 | issue= 4 | pages= 277-80 | pmid=26237137 | doi=10.1097/ICB.0000000000000186 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26237137  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25980046">{{cite journal| author=Sekine Y, Yashiro S, O'hira A, Yoshida N, Morinaga M, Nagashima N et al.| title=[Multimodal imaging of a case of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis]. | journal=Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi | year= 2015 | volume= 119 | issue= 4 | pages= 266-72 | pmid=25980046 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25980046  }} </ref>
*Retinal Precipitates<ref name="pmid26237137">{{cite journal| author=Curi AL, Sarraf D, Cunningham ET| title=MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF SYPHILITIC MULTIFOCAL RETINITIS. | journal=Retin Cases Brief Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 9 | issue= 4 | pages= 277-80 | pmid=26237137 | doi=10.1097/ICB.0000000000000186 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26237137  }} </ref>
*Retinal precipitates<ref name="pmid26237137">{{cite journal| author=Curi AL, Sarraf D, Cunningham ET| title=MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF SYPHILITIC MULTIFOCAL RETINITIS. | journal=Retin Cases Brief Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 9 | issue= 4 | pages= 277-80 | pmid=26237137 | doi=10.1097/ICB.0000000000000186 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26237137  }} </ref>
*Unilateral yellow lesions<ref name="pmid26237137">{{cite journal| author=Curi AL, Sarraf D, Cunningham ET| title=MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF SYPHILITIC MULTIFOCAL RETINITIS. | journal=Retin Cases Brief Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 9 | issue= 4 | pages= 277-80 | pmid=26237137 | doi=10.1097/ICB.0000000000000186 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26237137  }} </ref>
*Unilateral yellow lesions<ref name="pmid26237137">{{cite journal| author=Curi AL, Sarraf D, Cunningham ET| title=MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF SYPHILITIC MULTIFOCAL RETINITIS. | journal=Retin Cases Brief Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 9 | issue= 4 | pages= 277-80 | pmid=26237137 | doi=10.1097/ICB.0000000000000186 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26237137  }} </ref>
*Nodular elevations of the choroid <ref name="pmid25980046">{{cite journal| author=Sekine Y, Yashiro S, O'hira A, Yoshida N, Morinaga M, Nagashima N et al.| title=[Multimodal imaging of a case of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis]. | journal=Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi | year= 2015 | volume= 119 | issue= 4 | pages= 266-72 | pmid=25980046 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25980046  }} </ref>
*Nodular elevations of the [[choroid]]<ref name="pmid25980046">{{cite journal| author=Sekine Y, Yashiro S, O'hira A, Yoshida N, Morinaga M, Nagashima N et al.| title=[Multimodal imaging of a case of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis]. | journal=Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi | year= 2015 | volume= 119 | issue= 4 | pages= 266-72 | pmid=25980046 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25980046  }} </ref>
===Direct Subtraction Angiography (DSA)===
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
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[[Category:Gynecology]]
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[[Category:Neurology]]

Latest revision as of 00:23, 30 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2], Tarek Nafee, M.D. [3]

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Overview

Other imaging findings of syphilis include novel PET/CT technology, multimodal ophthalmologic imaging, bone scintigraphy, and angiography. PET/CT is a novel imaging study which portrays 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake enhanced regions superimposed on cross sectional CT images. Multimodal ophthalmologic imaging combines ophthalmoscopy with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to produce high definition imaging of the posterior chamber of the eye. Bone scintigraphy allows clinicians to visualize bone uptake of Technetium-99 (T-99m) using x-ray technology. These imaging findings allow clinicians to detect syphilitic manifestations involving the bone, retina, heart, lungs, and lymph nodes.[1][2][2][3][4][5][6]

Other imaging studies

Other imaging findings of syphilis include novel PET/CT technology, multimodal ophthalmologic imaging, bone scintigraphy, and angiography. These imaging findings allow clinicians to detect syphilitic manifestations involving the bone, retina, heart, lungs, and lymph nodes.

PET/CT (FDG Uptake)

Bone
Pulmonary
Other
  • Increased FDG uptake in lymph nodes (generalized lymphadenopathy in secondary syphilis)[3]

Bone Scintigraphy

Multimodal Ophthalmologic Imaging

  • Multifocal lesions [5][6]
  • Retinal precipitates[5]
  • Unilateral yellow lesions[5]
  • Nodular elevations of the choroid[6]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wang X, Yin J, Chen X (2011). "Syphilitic bone destruction on FDG PET/CT". Clin Nucl Med. 36 (7): 616–8. doi:10.1097/RLU.0b013e318219ac62. PMID 21637078.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kim HJ, Seon HJ, Shin HH, Choi YD (2011). "Case report: Pulmonary syphilis mimicking pulmonary hematogenous metastases on chest CT and integrated PET/CT". Indian J Radiol Imaging. 21 (1): 34–7. doi:10.4103/0971-3026.76052. PMC 3056368. PMID 21431031.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kim JM, Lee SM, Bae SB, Lee JS, Kim SY (2016). "The role of PET/CT in diagnosing generalized lymphadenopathy in asymptomatic secondary syphilis". Hell J Nucl Med. 19 (1): 60–2. doi:10.1967/s002449910340. PMID 26929943.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Naraghi AM, Salonen DC, Bloom JA, Becker EJ (2010). "Magnetic resonance imaging features of osseous manifestations of early acquired syphilis". Skeletal Radiol. 39 (3): 305–9. doi:10.1007/s00256-009-0806-7. PMID 19795120.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Curi AL, Sarraf D, Cunningham ET (2015). "MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF SYPHILITIC MULTIFOCAL RETINITIS". Retin Cases Brief Rep. 9 (4): 277–80. doi:10.1097/ICB.0000000000000186. PMID 26237137.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Sekine Y, Yashiro S, O'hira A, Yoshida N, Morinaga M, Nagashima N; et al. (2015). "[Multimodal imaging of a case of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis]". Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 119 (4): 266–72. PMID 25980046.


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