Differentiating erythrasma from other diseases: Difference between revisions
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==Differentiating Erythrasma from other Diseases== | ==Differentiating Erythrasma from other Diseases== | ||
Erythrasma must be differentiated from other [[dermatological]] conditions that present with reddish-brown scales and [[itching]], as well as other diseases resulting from [[corynebacteria]] infection. | Erythrasma must be differentiated from other [[dermatological]] conditions that present with reddish-brown scales and [[itching]], as well as other diseases resulting from [[corynebacteria]] infection. These include: | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''[[Psoriasis]]''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''[[Psoriasis]]''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Presents with [[erythema]] and formation of silvery scales on the [[epidermis]], resulting in [[itching]] and [[pain]].<ref name="urlPsoriasis: MedlinePlus">{{cite web |url=https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html |title=Psoriasis: MedlinePlus |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> Differentiates from | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Presents with [[erythema]] and formation of silvery scales on the [[epidermis]], resulting in [[itching]] and [[pain]].<ref name="urlPsoriasis: MedlinePlus">{{cite web |url=https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html |title=Psoriasis: MedlinePlus |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> Differentiates from erythrasma in that it is usually located throughout the entire body; erythrasma usually manifests in [[skin]] folds of the [[armpit]], [[groin]], and [[perianal]] regions.<ref name="pmid25085957">{{cite journal |vauthors=Di Meglio P, Villanova F, Nestle FO |title=Psoriasis |journal=Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med |volume=4 |issue=8 |pages= |year=2014 |pmid=25085957 |pmc=4109580 |doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a015354 |url=}}</ref> Psoriasis is an [[autoimmune]] disorder and is not caused by [[Corynebacteria]]; therapeutic options include topical [[corticosteroids]], systemic anti-[[inflammatory]] therapies (such as [[methotrexate]] and [[cyclosporine]]), and [[UVA]]/[[UVB]] [[phototherapy]].<ref name="pmid25085957">{{cite journal |vauthors=Di Meglio P, Villanova F, Nestle FO |title=Psoriasis |journal=Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med |volume=4 |issue=8 |pages= |year=2014 |pmid=25085957 |pmc=4109580 |doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a015354 |url=}}</ref> Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent condition; erythrasma will usually resolve with sufficient treatment. | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Dermatophytosis]]''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Dermatophytosis]]''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Presents with lesions that vary based on the location of the [[mycosis]], but usually displays in a circular shape with [[erythema]], scaling, and [[itching]] at the point of infiltration .<ref name="pmid25403034">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ely JW, Rosenfeld S, Seabury Stone M |title=Diagnosis and management of tinea infections |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=90 |issue=10 |pages=702–10 |year=2014 |pmid=25403034 |doi= |url=}}</ref> Differentiated by its [[mycosis|mycotic]] cause. Visually distinct from Erythrasma by consistently forming circular-shaped "ring" [[lesions]]. Treatment involves topical [[antifungal]] medication, including [[miconazole]], [[clotrimazole]], [[ketoconazole]], [[terbinafine]], [[naftifine]], and [[butenafine]].<ref name="pmid15663341">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kyle AA, Dahl MV |title=Topical therapy for fungal infections |journal=Am J Clin Dermatol |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=443–51 |year=2004 |pmid=15663341 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Presents with lesions that vary based on the location of the [[mycosis]], but usually displays in a circular shape with [[erythema]], scaling, and [[itching]] at the point of infiltration.<ref name="pmid25403034">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ely JW, Rosenfeld S, Seabury Stone M |title=Diagnosis and management of tinea infections |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=90 |issue=10 |pages=702–10 |year=2014 |pmid=25403034 |doi= |url=}}</ref> Differentiated by its [[mycosis|mycotic]] cause. Visually distinct from Erythrasma by consistently forming circular-shaped "ring" [[lesions]]. Treatment involves topical [[antifungal]] medication, including [[miconazole]], [[clotrimazole]], [[ketoconazole]], [[terbinafine]], [[naftifine]], and [[butenafine]].<ref name="pmid15663341">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kyle AA, Dahl MV |title=Topical therapy for fungal infections |journal=Am J Clin Dermatol |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=443–51 |year=2004 |pmid=15663341 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''Skin [[ | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''Skin [[candidiasis]]''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Presents with [[rash]] that displays [[erythema]] and [[itching]], as well as [[folliculitis]].<ref name="urlGenital / vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) | Fungal Diseases | CDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/genital/index.html |title=Genital / vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) | Fungal Diseases | CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> Differentiated from | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Presents with [[rash]] that displays [[erythema]] and [[itching]], as well as [[folliculitis]].<ref name="urlGenital / vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) | Fungal Diseases | CDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/genital/index.html |title=Genital / vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) | Fungal Diseases | CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> Differentiated from erythrasma in that it is caused by ''[[Candida]]'' [[fungal]] infection. While erythrasma usually manifests in moist locations, such as skin folds, skin [[candidiasis]] is usually found in wet or dry regions of the body. Treatment includes [[antifungal]] therapy, including [[fluconazole]], [[caspofungin]], [[micafungin]], [[anidulafungin]], and additional topical and systemic options.<ref name="PappasKauffman2009">{{cite journal|last1=Pappas|first1=Peter G.|last2=Kauffman|first2=Carol A.|last3=Andes|first3=David|last4=Benjamin, Jr.|first4=Daniel K.|last5=Calandra|first5=Thierry F.|last6=Edwards, Jr.|first6=John E.|last7=Filler|first7=Scott G.|last8=Fisher|first8=John F.|last9=Kullberg|first9=Bart‐Jan|last10=Ostrosky‐Zeichner|first10=Luis|last11=Reboli|first11=Annette C.|last12=Rex|first12=John H.|last13=Walsh|first13=Thomas J.|last14=Sobel|first14=Jack D.|title=Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Candidiasis: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=48|issue=5|year=2009|pages=503–535|issn=1058-4838|doi=10.1086/596757}}</ref> | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Intertrigo]]''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Intertrigo]]''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |An [[inflammatory]] condition of the [[epidermis]] caused by repeated [[friction]] between adjacent skin folds.<ref name="pmid16156342">{{cite journal |vauthors=Janniger CK, Schwartz RA, Szepietowski JC, Reich A |title=Intertrigo and common secondary skin infections |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=72 |issue=5 |pages=833–8 |year=2005 |pmid=16156342 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |An [[inflammatory]] condition of the [[epidermis]] caused by repeated [[friction]] between adjacent skin folds.<ref name="pmid16156342">{{cite journal |vauthors=Janniger CK, Schwartz RA, Szepietowski JC, Reich A |title=Intertrigo and common secondary skin infections |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=72 |issue=5 |pages=833–8 |year=2005 |pmid=16156342 |doi= |url=}}</ref> Presents with [[erythema]], [[itching]], and scaling in primarily moist regions of the body. Differentiates from erythrasma in that it can progress to [[discharge]] and [[pain]] if untreated.<ref name="pmid20626853">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mistiaen P, van Halm-Walters M |title=Prevention and treatment of intertrigo in large skin folds of adults: a systematic review |journal=BMC Nurs |volume=9 |issue= |pages=12 |year=2010 |pmid=20626853 |pmc=2918610 |doi=10.1186/1472-6955-9-12 |url=}}</ref> May be caused by [[bacterial]] or [[mycotic]] infection, as well as a non-infectious [[inflammatory]] response to moisture and [[friction]]. Treatment varies based on the cause; it is important to differentiate erythrasma from [[intertrigo]] due to the former's singular cause as ''[[Corynebacterium|Corynebacterium minitissium]]'' to determine appropriate therapy. | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Contact dermatitis]]''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Contact dermatitis]]''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |An [[inflammatory]] condition of the [[epidermis]] resulting from direct contact with an [[allergen]] or [[irritant]]. Contact dermatitis is similar to | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |An [[inflammatory]] condition of the [[epidermis]] resulting from direct contact with an [[allergen]] or [[irritant]]. Contact dermatitis is similar to erythrasma due to the usual presentation of [[erythema]] and [[itching]]. It differentiates from erythrasma by manifesting with [[blisters]], [[pain]], and [[discharge]]. Differentiated from erythrasma by its cause: an [[allergic]] response by contact to a specific surface or entity. There is no indication of [[bacterial]] infection. Common causes include chemicals from cosmetic and hygienic products, fabrics, metals, and animal [[hair]] or [[skin]]. Therapy involves avoiding the original cause and application of topical or oral [[corticosteroids]] and [[analgesics]].<ref name="urlContact dermatitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia">{{cite web |url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000869.htm |title=Contact dermatitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
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{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Dermatology]] | [[Category:Dermatology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:22, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Erythrasma must be differentiated from other dermatological conditions that present with reddish-brown scales and itching, as well as other diseases resulting from corynebacteria infection.
Differentiating Erythrasma from other Diseases
Erythrasma must be differentiated from other dermatological conditions that present with reddish-brown scales and itching, as well as other diseases resulting from corynebacteria infection. These include:
| Disease | Findings |
|---|---|
| Psoriasis | Presents with erythema and formation of silvery scales on the epidermis, resulting in itching and pain.[1] Differentiates from erythrasma in that it is usually located throughout the entire body; erythrasma usually manifests in skin folds of the armpit, groin, and perianal regions.[2] Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder and is not caused by Corynebacteria; therapeutic options include topical corticosteroids, systemic anti-inflammatory therapies (such as methotrexate and cyclosporine), and UVA/UVB phototherapy.[2] Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent condition; erythrasma will usually resolve with sufficient treatment. |
| Dermatophytosis | Presents with lesions that vary based on the location of the mycosis, but usually displays in a circular shape with erythema, scaling, and itching at the point of infiltration.[3] Differentiated by its mycotic cause. Visually distinct from Erythrasma by consistently forming circular-shaped "ring" lesions. Treatment involves topical antifungal medication, including miconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine, naftifine, and butenafine.[4] |
| Skin candidiasis | Presents with rash that displays erythema and itching, as well as folliculitis.[5] Differentiated from erythrasma in that it is caused by Candida fungal infection. While erythrasma usually manifests in moist locations, such as skin folds, skin candidiasis is usually found in wet or dry regions of the body. Treatment includes antifungal therapy, including fluconazole, caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin, and additional topical and systemic options.[6] |
| Intertrigo | An inflammatory condition of the epidermis caused by repeated friction between adjacent skin folds.[7] Presents with erythema, itching, and scaling in primarily moist regions of the body. Differentiates from erythrasma in that it can progress to discharge and pain if untreated.[8] May be caused by bacterial or mycotic infection, as well as a non-infectious inflammatory response to moisture and friction. Treatment varies based on the cause; it is important to differentiate erythrasma from intertrigo due to the former's singular cause as Corynebacterium minitissium to determine appropriate therapy. |
| Contact dermatitis | An inflammatory condition of the epidermis resulting from direct contact with an allergen or irritant. Contact dermatitis is similar to erythrasma due to the usual presentation of erythema and itching. It differentiates from erythrasma by manifesting with blisters, pain, and discharge. Differentiated from erythrasma by its cause: an allergic response by contact to a specific surface or entity. There is no indication of bacterial infection. Common causes include chemicals from cosmetic and hygienic products, fabrics, metals, and animal hair or skin. Therapy involves avoiding the original cause and application of topical or oral corticosteroids and analgesics.[9] |
| Seborrheic dermatitis | Presents with erythema and white-yellow scaling skin that sheds, accompanied by pruritus and flaking. Is primarily found in the face, upper chest, and retro-auricular area. Similarly to erythrasma, it can affect skin folds, including the axillae and the genitals.[10] It is differentiated from erythrasma by its varied causes; seborrheic dermatitis causes are not fully known and are speculated to be autoimmunal, neurological, or from nutrition deficiency.[11] Therapy focuses on treating the inflammation, including corticosteroids, or topical antifungal medication if a mycotic causes is determined.[12] |
References
- ↑ "Psoriasis: MedlinePlus".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Di Meglio P, Villanova F, Nestle FO (2014). "Psoriasis". Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 4 (8). doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a015354. PMC 4109580. PMID 25085957.
- ↑ Ely JW, Rosenfeld S, Seabury Stone M (2014). "Diagnosis and management of tinea infections". Am Fam Physician. 90 (10): 702–10. PMID 25403034.
- ↑ Kyle AA, Dahl MV (2004). "Topical therapy for fungal infections". Am J Clin Dermatol. 5 (6): 443–51. PMID 15663341.
- ↑ "Genital / vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) | Fungal Diseases | CDC".
- ↑ Pappas, Peter G.; Kauffman, Carol A.; Andes, David; Benjamin, Jr., Daniel K.; Calandra, Thierry F.; Edwards, Jr., John E.; Filler, Scott G.; Fisher, John F.; Kullberg, Bart‐Jan; Ostrosky‐Zeichner, Luis; Reboli, Annette C.; Rex, John H.; Walsh, Thomas J.; Sobel, Jack D. (2009). "Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Candidiasis: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 48 (5): 503–535. doi:10.1086/596757. ISSN 1058-4838.
- ↑ Janniger CK, Schwartz RA, Szepietowski JC, Reich A (2005). "Intertrigo and common secondary skin infections". Am Fam Physician. 72 (5): 833–8. PMID 16156342.
- ↑ Mistiaen P, van Halm-Walters M (2010). "Prevention and treatment of intertrigo in large skin folds of adults: a systematic review". BMC Nurs. 9: 12. doi:10.1186/1472-6955-9-12. PMC 2918610. PMID 20626853.
- ↑ "Contact dermatitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".
- ↑ Borda LJ, Wikramanayake TC (2015). "Seborrheic Dermatitis and Dandruff: A Comprehensive Review". J Clin Investig Dermatol. 3 (2). doi:10.13188/2373-1044.1000019. PMC 4852869. PMID 27148560.
- ↑ "Seborrheic dermatitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".
- ↑ Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Dellinger EP, Goldstein EJ, Gorbach SL, Hirschmann JV, Kaplan SL, Montoya JG, Wade JC (2014). "Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the infectious diseases society of America". Clin. Infect. Dis. 59 (2): 147–59. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu296. PMID 24947530.