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{{Allergic colitis}}
{{Allergic colitis}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{QS}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{QS}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
The exact prevalence of allergic colitis is unknown. Prevalence of food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) has been reported to range from a low of 16 percent to a high of 64 percent among infants with rectal bleeding. FPIAP is the most common cause of non-infectious colitis in infancy. Allergic colitis is mainly a disease of infants, with onset usually in the first two to three months of life. There is a slight male predominance (50–61.6%) for allergic colitis.<ref name="pmid25976434">{{cite journal| author=Nowak-Węgrzyn A| title=Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome and allergic proctocolitis. | journal=Allergy Asthma Proc | year= 2015 | volume= 36 | issue= 3 | pages= 172-84 | pmid=25976434 | doi=10.2500/aap.2015.36.3811 | pmc=4405595 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25976434  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16585287">{{cite journal| author=Arvola T, Ruuska T, Keränen J, Hyöty H, Salminen S, Isolauri E| title=Rectal bleeding in infancy: clinical, allergological, and microbiological examination. | journal=Pediatrics | year= 2006 | volume= 117 | issue= 4 | pages= e760-8 | pmid=16585287 | doi=10.1542/peds.2005-1069 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16585287  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15990624">{{cite journal| author=Xanthakos SA, Schwimmer JB, Melin-Aldana H, Rothenberg ME, Witte DP, Cohen MB| title=Prevalence and outcome of allergic colitis in healthy infants with rectal bleeding: a prospective cohort study. | journal=J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr | year= 2005 | volume= 41 | issue= 1 | pages= 16-22 | pmid=15990624 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15990624  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26484355">{{cite journal| author=Sekerkova A, Fuchs M, Cecrdlova E, Svachova V, Kralova Lesna I, Striz I et al.| title=High Prevalence of Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies in Infants with Food Protein-Induced Proctitis/Proctocolitis: Autoimmunity Involvement? | journal=J Immunol Res | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages= 902863 | pmid=26484355 | doi=10.1155/2015/902863 | pmc=4592904 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26484355  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24131740">{{cite journal| author=Lozinsky AC, Morais MB| title=Eosinophilic colitis in infants. | journal=J Pediatr (Rio J) | year= 2014 | volume= 90 | issue= 1 | pages= 16-21 | pmid=24131740 | doi=10.1016/j.jped.2013.03.024 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24131740  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24686277">{{cite journal| author=Mehr S, Frith K, Campbell DE| title=Epidemiology of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. | journal=Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2014 | volume= 14 | issue= 3 | pages= 208-16 | pmid=24686277 | doi=10.1097/ACI.0000000000000056 | pmc=4011623 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24686277  }} </ref>
The exact prevalence of allergic colitis is unknown. Prevalence of [[food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP)]] has been reported to range from a low of 16% to a high of 64% among infants with rectal bleeding. FPIAP is the most common cause of non-infectious colitis in infancy. Allergic colitis is mainly a disease of infants, with onset usually in the first two to three months of life. There is a slight male predominance (50–61.6%) for allergic colitis.


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Prevalence and Incidence===
===Prevalence and Incidence===
The exact prevalence and incidence of allergic colitis is unknown.
The exact prevalence and incidence of allergic colitis is unknown.
:*Prevalence of food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) has been reported to range from a low of 16 percent to a high of 64 percent among infants with rectal bleeding<ref name="pmid25976434">{{cite journal| author=Nowak-Węgrzyn A| title=Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome and allergic proctocolitis. | journal=Allergy Asthma Proc | year= 2015 | volume= 36 | issue= 3 | pages= 172-84 | pmid=25976434 | doi=10.2500/aap.2015.36.3811 | pmc=4405595 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25976434  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16585287">{{cite journal| author=Arvola T, Ruuska T, Keränen J, Hyöty H, Salminen S, Isolauri E| title=Rectal bleeding in infancy: clinical, allergological, and microbiological examination. | journal=Pediatrics | year= 2006 | volume= 117 | issue= 4 | pages= e760-8 | pmid=16585287 | doi=10.1542/peds.2005-1069 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16585287  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15990624">{{cite journal| author=Xanthakos SA, Schwimmer JB, Melin-Aldana H, Rothenberg ME, Witte DP, Cohen MB| title=Prevalence and outcome of allergic colitis in healthy infants with rectal bleeding: a prospective cohort study. | journal=J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr | year= 2005 | volume= 41 | issue= 1 | pages= 16-22 | pmid=15990624 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15990624  }} </ref>
*Prevalence of [[food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP)]] has been reported to range from a low of 16% to a high of 64% among infants with rectal bleeding<ref name="pmid25976434">{{cite journal| author=Nowak-Węgrzyn A| title=Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome and allergic proctocolitis. | journal=Allergy Asthma Proc | year= 2015 | volume= 36 | issue= 3 | pages= 172-84 | pmid=25976434 | doi=10.2500/aap.2015.36.3811 | pmc=4405595 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25976434  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16585287">{{cite journal| author=Arvola T, Ruuska T, Keränen J, Hyöty H, Salminen S, Isolauri E| title=Rectal bleeding in infancy: clinical, allergological, and microbiological examination. | journal=Pediatrics | year= 2006 | volume= 117 | issue= 4 | pages= e760-8 | pmid=16585287 | doi=10.1542/peds.2005-1069 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16585287  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15990624">{{cite journal| author=Xanthakos SA, Schwimmer JB, Melin-Aldana H, Rothenberg ME, Witte DP, Cohen MB| title=Prevalence and outcome of allergic colitis in healthy infants with rectal bleeding: a prospective cohort study. | journal=J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr | year= 2005 | volume= 41 | issue= 1 | pages= 16-22 | pmid=15990624 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15990624  }} </ref>
:*A population based study reported a prevalence of 1.6 in 1000 children under 1 year had cow's-milk protein induced rectal bleeding <ref name="pmid23050491">{{cite journal| author=Elizur A, Cohen M, Goldberg MR, Rajuan N, Cohen A, Leshno M et al.| title=Cow's milk associated rectal bleeding: a population based prospective study. | journal=Pediatr Allergy Immunol | year= 2012 | volume= 23 | issue= 8 | pages= 766-70 | pmid=23050491 | doi=10.1111/pai.12009 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23050491  }} </ref>
*A population based study reported a prevalence of 1.6 in 1000 children under 1 year had cow's-milk protein induced [[rectal bleeding]]<ref name="pmid23050491">{{cite journal| author=Elizur A, Cohen M, Goldberg MR, Rajuan N, Cohen A, Leshno M et al.| title=Cow's milk associated rectal bleeding: a population based prospective study. | journal=Pediatr Allergy Immunol | year= 2012 | volume= 23 | issue= 8 | pages= 766-70 | pmid=23050491 | doi=10.1111/pai.12009 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23050491  }} </ref>
:*The incidence of milk FPIES was estimated as 0.34% of the newborn population in a population based study<ref name="pmid23050491">{{cite journal| author=Elizur A, Cohen M, Goldberg MR, Rajuan N, Cohen A, Leshno M et al.| title=Cow's milk associated rectal bleeding: a population based prospective study. | journal=Pediatr Allergy Immunol | year= 2012 | volume= 23 | issue= 8 | pages= 766-70 | pmid=23050491 | doi=10.1111/pai.12009 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23050491  }} </ref>
*The incidence of milk FPIES was estimated as 0.34% of the newborn population in a population based study<ref name="pmid23050491">{{cite journal| author=Elizur A, Cohen M, Goldberg MR, Rajuan N, Cohen A, Leshno M et al.| title=Cow's milk associated rectal bleeding: a population based prospective study. | journal=Pediatr Allergy Immunol | year= 2012 | volume= 23 | issue= 8 | pages= 766-70 | pmid=23050491 | doi=10.1111/pai.12009 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23050491  }} </ref>
:*Sixty percent of infants with FPIAP are babies on exclusive breastfeeding<ref name="pmid25976434">{{cite journal| author=Nowak-Węgrzyn A| title=Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome and allergic proctocolitis. | journal=Allergy Asthma Proc | year= 2015 | volume= 36 | issue= 3 | pages= 172-84 | pmid=25976434 | doi=10.2500/aap.2015.36.3811 | pmc=4405595 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25976434  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10634300">{{cite journal| author=Lake AM| title=Food-induced eosinophilic proctocolitis. | journal=J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr | year= 2000 | volume= 30 Suppl | issue=  | pages= S58-60 | pmid=10634300 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10634300  }} </ref>
*60% of infants with FPIAP are babies on exclusive breastfeeding<ref name="pmid25976434">{{cite journal| author=Nowak-Węgrzyn A| title=Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome and allergic proctocolitis. | journal=Allergy Asthma Proc | year= 2015 | volume= 36 | issue= 3 | pages= 172-84 | pmid=25976434 | doi=10.2500/aap.2015.36.3811 | pmc=4405595 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25976434  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10634300">{{cite journal| author=Lake AM| title=Food-induced eosinophilic proctocolitis. | journal=J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr | year= 2000 | volume= 30 Suppl | issue=  | pages= S58-60 | pmid=10634300 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10634300  }} </ref>
:*FPIAP is the most common cause of non-infectious colitis in infancy <ref name="pmid26484355">{{cite journal| author=Sekerkova A, Fuchs M, Cecrdlova E, Svachova V, Kralova Lesna I, Striz I et al.| title=High Prevalence of Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies in Infants with Food Protein-Induced Proctitis/Proctocolitis: Autoimmunity Involvement? | journal=J Immunol Res | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages= 902863 | pmid=26484355 | doi=10.1155/2015/902863 | pmc=4592904 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26484355  }} </ref>
:*FPIAP is the most common cause of non-infectious colitis in infancy<ref name="pmid26484355">{{cite journal| author=Sekerkova A, Fuchs M, Cecrdlova E, Svachova V, Kralova Lesna I, Striz I et al.| title=High Prevalence of Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies in Infants with Food Protein-Induced Proctitis/Proctocolitis: Autoimmunity Involvement? | journal=J Immunol Res | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages= 902863 | pmid=26484355 | doi=10.1155/2015/902863 | pmc=4592904 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26484355  }} </ref>


===Age===
===Age===
Allergic colitis is mainly a disease of infants, with onset usually in the first two to three months of life. An adolescent form may develop in adolescence or early adulthood.<ref name="pmid25976434">{{cite journal| author=Nowak-Węgrzyn A| title=Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome and allergic proctocolitis. | journal=Allergy Asthma Proc | year= 2015 | volume= 36 | issue= 3 | pages= 172-84 | pmid=25976434 | doi=10.2500/aap.2015.36.3811 | pmc=4405595 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25976434  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16585287">{{cite journal| author=Arvola T, Ruuska T, Keränen J, Hyöty H, Salminen S, Isolauri E| title=Rectal bleeding in infancy: clinical, allergological, and microbiological examination. | journal=Pediatrics | year= 2006 | volume= 117 | issue= 4 | pages= e760-8 | pmid=16585287 | doi=10.1542/peds.2005-1069 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16585287  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15990624">{{cite journal| author=Xanthakos SA, Schwimmer JB, Melin-Aldana H, Rothenberg ME, Witte DP, Cohen MB| title=Prevalence and outcome of allergic colitis in healthy infants with rectal bleeding: a prospective cohort study. | journal=J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr | year= 2005 | volume= 41 | issue= 1 | pages= 16-22 | pmid=15990624 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15990624  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21922029">{{cite journal| author=Alfadda AA, Storr MA, Shaffer EA| title=Eosinophilic colitis: epidemiology, clinical features, and current management. | journal=Therap Adv Gastroenterol | year= 2011 | volume= 4 | issue= 5 | pages= 301-9 | pmid=21922029 | doi=10.1177/1756283X10392443 | pmc=3165205 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21922029  }} </ref>
Allergic colitis is mainly a disease of infants, with onset usually in the first 2-3 months of life. An adolescent form may develop in adolescence or early adulthood.<ref name="pmid25976434">{{cite journal| author=Nowak-Węgrzyn A| title=Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome and allergic proctocolitis. | journal=Allergy Asthma Proc | year= 2015 | volume= 36 | issue= 3 | pages= 172-84 | pmid=25976434 | doi=10.2500/aap.2015.36.3811 | pmc=4405595 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25976434  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16585287">{{cite journal| author=Arvola T, Ruuska T, Keränen J, Hyöty H, Salminen S, Isolauri E| title=Rectal bleeding in infancy: clinical, allergological, and microbiological examination. | journal=Pediatrics | year= 2006 | volume= 117 | issue= 4 | pages= e760-8 | pmid=16585287 | doi=10.1542/peds.2005-1069 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16585287  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15990624">{{cite journal| author=Xanthakos SA, Schwimmer JB, Melin-Aldana H, Rothenberg ME, Witte DP, Cohen MB| title=Prevalence and outcome of allergic colitis in healthy infants with rectal bleeding: a prospective cohort study. | journal=J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr | year= 2005 | volume= 41 | issue= 1 | pages= 16-22 | pmid=15990624 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15990624  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21922029">{{cite journal| author=Alfadda AA, Storr MA, Shaffer EA| title=Eosinophilic colitis: epidemiology, clinical features, and current management. | journal=Therap Adv Gastroenterol | year= 2011 | volume= 4 | issue= 5 | pages= 301-9 | pmid=21922029 | doi=10.1177/1756283X10392443 | pmc=3165205 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21922029  }} </ref>


===Gender===
===Gender===
Line 21: Line 22:


===Race===
===Race===
There is no racial predilection for allergic colitis
There is no racial predilection for allergic colitis.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:InfectiousDisease]]
[[Category:PrimaryCare]]
{{WS}}{{WH}}

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Qasim Salau, M.B.B.S., FMCPaed [2]

Overview

The exact prevalence of allergic colitis is unknown. Prevalence of food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) has been reported to range from a low of 16% to a high of 64% among infants with rectal bleeding. FPIAP is the most common cause of non-infectious colitis in infancy. Allergic colitis is mainly a disease of infants, with onset usually in the first two to three months of life. There is a slight male predominance (50–61.6%) for allergic colitis.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence and Incidence

The exact prevalence and incidence of allergic colitis is unknown.

  • Prevalence of food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) has been reported to range from a low of 16% to a high of 64% among infants with rectal bleeding[1][2][3]
  • A population based study reported a prevalence of 1.6 in 1000 children under 1 year had cow's-milk protein induced rectal bleeding[4]
  • The incidence of milk FPIES was estimated as 0.34% of the newborn population in a population based study[4]
  • 60% of infants with FPIAP are babies on exclusive breastfeeding[1][5]
  • FPIAP is the most common cause of non-infectious colitis in infancy[6]

Age

Allergic colitis is mainly a disease of infants, with onset usually in the first 2-3 months of life. An adolescent form may develop in adolescence or early adulthood.[1][2][3][7]

Gender

There is a slight male predominance (50–61.6%) for allergic colitis.[8][9]

Race

There is no racial predilection for allergic colitis.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nowak-Węgrzyn A (2015). "Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome and allergic proctocolitis". Allergy Asthma Proc. 36 (3): 172–84. doi:10.2500/aap.2015.36.3811. PMC 4405595. PMID 25976434.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Arvola T, Ruuska T, Keränen J, Hyöty H, Salminen S, Isolauri E (2006). "Rectal bleeding in infancy: clinical, allergological, and microbiological examination". Pediatrics. 117 (4): e760–8. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-1069. PMID 16585287.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Xanthakos SA, Schwimmer JB, Melin-Aldana H, Rothenberg ME, Witte DP, Cohen MB (2005). "Prevalence and outcome of allergic colitis in healthy infants with rectal bleeding: a prospective cohort study". J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 41 (1): 16–22. PMID 15990624.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Elizur A, Cohen M, Goldberg MR, Rajuan N, Cohen A, Leshno M; et al. (2012). "Cow's milk associated rectal bleeding: a population based prospective study". Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 23 (8): 766–70. doi:10.1111/pai.12009. PMID 23050491.
  5. ↑ Lake AM (2000). "Food-induced eosinophilic proctocolitis". J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 30 Suppl: S58–60. PMID 10634300.
  6. ↑ Sekerkova A, Fuchs M, Cecrdlova E, Svachova V, Kralova Lesna I, Striz I; et al. (2015). "High Prevalence of Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies in Infants with Food Protein-Induced Proctitis/Proctocolitis: Autoimmunity Involvement?". J Immunol Res. 2015: 902863. doi:10.1155/2015/902863. PMC 4592904. PMID 26484355.
  7. ↑ Alfadda AA, Storr MA, Shaffer EA (2011). "Eosinophilic colitis: epidemiology, clinical features, and current management". Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 4 (5): 301–9. doi:10.1177/1756283X10392443. PMC 3165205. PMID 21922029.
  8. ↑ Lozinsky AC, Morais MB (2014). "Eosinophilic colitis in infants". J Pediatr (Rio J). 90 (1): 16–21. doi:10.1016/j.jped.2013.03.024. PMID 24131740.
  9. ↑ Mehr S, Frith K, Campbell DE (2014). "Epidemiology of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome". Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 14 (3): 208–16. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000056. PMC 4011623. PMID 24686277.
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