Pelvic inflammatory disease causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common causes of pelvic inflammatory disease include ''[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]'' and ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]''. Other causes of pelvic inflammatory disease include ''[[Bacteroides]]'', ''[[Enterococci]]'', ''[[Staphylococci]]'', ''[[Streptococci]]'', ''[[Ureaplasma urealyticum]]'', [[gram negative rods]], and [[anaerobes]]. | Common causes of pelvic inflammatory disease include ''[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]'' and ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]''. Other causes of pelvic inflammatory disease include ''[[Bacteroides]]'', ''[[Enterococci]]'', ''[[Staphylococci]]'', ''[[Streptococci]]'', ''[[Ureaplasma urealyticum]]'', [[Gram negative bacteria|gram negative rods]], and [[anaerobes]]. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
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===Less common causes=== | ===Less common causes=== | ||
*Anaerobes such as peptostreptococcus spp and prevotella spp | *[[Anaerobes]] such as [[Peptostreptococcus species|peptostreptococcus spp]] and [[Prevotella species|prevotella spp]] | ||
*Pathogens associated with [[Bacterial vaginosis|BV]] | *Pathogens associated with [[Bacterial vaginosis|BV]] including: [[Atopobium|atopobium vaginae]] and leptotrichia spp<ref name="pmid15551209">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hebb JK, Cohen CR, Astete SG, Bukusi EA, Totten PA |title=Detection of novel organisms associated with salpingitis, by use of 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=190 |issue=12 |pages=2109–20 |year=2004 |pmid=15551209 |doi=10.1086/425929 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Mixed infection: Sometimes, it is caused by mixed flora including, | *Mixed infection: Sometimes, it is caused by mixed flora including, [[Bacteroides]], [[Enterococci]], [[Staphylococci]], [[Streptococci]], [[Ureaplasma urealyticum]], [[E.coli]], [[Klebsiella|Klebsiella spp]], [[Proteus mirabilis]], [[Haemophilus spp]] and [[Gram-negative bacteria|gram negative]] rods | ||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ||
{{columns-list | {{columns-list| | ||
*[[Abortion]] | *[[Abortion]] | ||
*[[Acinetobacter]] | *[[Acinetobacter]] | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
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[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]] | [[Category:Crowdiagnosis]] | ||
[[Category:Gynecology]] | [[Category:Gynecology]] | ||
[[Category:Abdominal pain]] | [[Category:Abdominal pain]] | ||
[[Category:Sexually transmitted diseases]] | [[Category:Sexually transmitted diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
Latest revision as of 23:37, 29 July 2020
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Pelvic inflammatory disease Microchapters |
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Differentiating Pelvic Inflammatory Disease from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Pelvic inflammatory disease causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pelvic inflammatory disease causes |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Pelvic inflammatory disease causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2];Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [3]
Overview
Common causes of pelvic inflammatory disease include Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Other causes of pelvic inflammatory disease include Bacteroides, Enterococci, Staphylococci, Streptococci, Ureaplasma urealyticum, gram negative rods, and anaerobes.
Causes
Common Causes
Less common causes
- Anaerobes such as peptostreptococcus spp and prevotella spp
- Pathogens associated with BV including: atopobium vaginae and leptotrichia spp[7]
- Mixed infection: Sometimes, it is caused by mixed flora including, Bacteroides, Enterococci, Staphylococci, Streptococci, Ureaplasma urealyticum, E.coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus spp and gram negative rods
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Abortion
- Acinetobacter
- Actinomyces
- Actinomycosis
- Bacterial vaginosis
- Bacteroides
- Campylobacter
- Cervicitis
- Childbirth
- Chlamydia infection
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Clostridium
- Coagulase-negative staphylococcus
- Curettage
- Cytomegalovirus
- Diaphragm (contraceptive)
- Douche
- Endometrial biopsy
- Endometriosis
- Endometritis
- Enterococcus
- Escherichia coli
- Estrogen and progestin (oral contraceptives) (patient information)
- Fusobacterium
- Gardnerella
- Gonorrhea
- Group A streptococci
- Group B streptococcal infection
- Hemophilus influenza
- Herpes simplex virus 2
- HIV AIDS
- Hysteroscopy
- Intrauterine device
- Klebsiella
- Miscarriage
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Mycoplasma
- Mycoplasma genitalium
- Mycoplasma hominis
- Nabothian cyst
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Non-gonococcal urethritis
- Oophoritis
- Ovarian cyst
- Peptococcus
- Peptostreptococcus
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Prevotella
- Proteus mirabilis
- Salpingitis
- Sphingomonas
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus
- Streptococcus agalactiae
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- The clap
- Trichomoniasis
- Ureaplasma urealyticum
- Uterine transplant
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gradison M (2012). "Pelvic inflammatory disease". Am Fam Physician. 85 (8): 791–6. PMID 22534388.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hoof K (2007). "[Pelvic inflammatory disease]". Ther Umsch. 64 (7): 365–8. doi:10.1024/0040-5930.64.7.365. PMID 17948752.
- ↑ Heinonen PK, Miettinen A (1994). "Laparoscopic study on the microbiology and severity of acute pelvic inflammatory disease". Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 57 (2): 85–9. PMID 7859910.
- ↑ Eschenbach DA, Buchanan TM, Pollock HM, Forsyth PS, Alexander ER, Lin JS, Wang SP, Wentworth BB, MacCormack WM, Holmes KK (1975). "Polymicrobial etiology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease". N. Engl. J. Med. 293 (4): 166–71. doi:10.1056/NEJM197507242930403. PMID 806017.
- ↑ Bjartling C, Osser S, Persson K (2012). "Mycoplasma genitalium in cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease among women at a gynecologic outpatient service". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 206 (6): 476.e1–8. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2012.02.036. PMID 22483084.
- ↑ Galask RP, Larsen B, Ohm MJ (1976). "Vaginal flora and its role in disease entities". Clin Obstet Gynecol. 19 (1): 61–81. PMID 1253468.
- ↑ Hebb JK, Cohen CR, Astete SG, Bukusi EA, Totten PA (2004). "Detection of novel organisms associated with salpingitis, by use of 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction". J. Infect. Dis. 190 (12): 2109–20. doi:10.1086/425929. PMID 15551209.