Ischemic stroke epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{Ischemic stroke}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}};{{AE}} {{MHP}},{{MehdiP}}{{AA}},{{TarekNafee}},{{SaraM}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The worldwide incident of stroke is about 68 percent and it increases with age. It is more common in men. However, the mortality is more in women. the incident and mortality rates are high in African-American population and developing countries. | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
The [[incidence (epidemiology)|incidence]] of stroke increases exponentially from 30 years of age, and [[etiology]] varies by age.<ref name="ellekjaer1997">{{cite journal | last=Ellekjær | first=H | coauthors=Holmen J, Indredavik B, Terent A | title=Epidemiology of Stroke in Innherred, Norway, 1994 to 1996 : Incidence and 30-Day Case-Fatality Rate | journal=Stroke | volume=28 | pages=2180–2184 | date=1997 | url=http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/strokeaha%3B28/11/2180 | accessdate=2008-01-22 | pmid=9368561 }}</ref> | === Incidence === | ||
* Worldwide, the incidence of ischemic stroke is estimated to be 68 percent.<ref name="globalburden_lancet1997">{{cite journal |author=Murray CJ, Lopez AD |title=Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study |journal=Lancet |volume=349 |issue=9061 |pages=1269–76 |year=1997 |pmid=9142060 |doi=}}</ref> | |||
** Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the Western world, after heart disease and cancer, and causes 10% of deaths worldwide.<ref name="worldhealth2004_app2">{{cite book | title=The World health report 2004. Annex Table 2: Deaths by cause, sex and mortality stratum in WHO regions, estimates for 2002. | publisher=[[World Health Organization]] | date=2004 | location=Geneva | url=http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2004/en/report04_en.pdf }}</ref> | |||
* The [[incidence (epidemiology)|incidence]] of stroke increases exponentially from 30 years of age, and [[etiology]] varies by age.<ref name="ellekjaer1997">{{cite journal | last=Ellekjær | first=H | coauthors=Holmen J, Indredavik B, Terent A | title=Epidemiology of Stroke in Innherred, Norway, 1994 to 1996 : Incidence and 30-Day Case-Fatality Rate | journal=Stroke | volume=28 | pages=2180–2184 | date=1997 | url=http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/strokeaha%3B28/11/2180 | accessdate=2008-01-22 | pmid=9368561 }}</ref> | |||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
95% of strokes occur in people age 45 and older | *Stroke can occur in all age groups. However, the incidence of stroke is less among individuals age less than 40 years of age and the risk increases with increasing age. <ref name="CDCstroke">http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm Accessed on November 3, 2016</ref> | ||
*According to National Health Interview survey data, there is increased number of hospitalizations in patients aged 5-44 years for ischemic stroke. | |||
* 95% of strokes occur in people age 45 and older; two-thirds of strokes occur in those over the age of 65.<ref name="NINDS1999">{{cite web | author=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) | authorlink= National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke | year=1999 | title=Stroke: Hope Through Research | url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/detail_stroke.htm | publisher=National Institutes of Health}}</ref> | |||
* A person's risk of dying if he or she does have a stroke also increases with age. | |||
** However, stroke can occur at any age, including in fetuses. | |||
* According to [[WHO]], stroke also occurs in about 8% of children with [[sickle cell disease]]. Stroke is the second leading killer of people under 20 years age who suffer from [[sickle-cell anemia]].<ref name="WHOSTROKE">Mackay, Judith, et al. The atlas of heart disease and stroke. World Health Organization, 2004 Accessed on November 3 2016</ref>. | |||
*The incidence of stroke in people aged 18 to 50 years is estimated to be approximately 10%. <ref name="pmid26673558">{{cite journal| author=Writing Group Members. Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ et al.| title=Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. | journal=Circulation | year= 2016 | volume= 133 | issue= 4 | pages= e38-360 | pmid=26673558 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26673558 }} </ref> | |||
===Gender=== | ===Gender=== | ||
Men are 1.25 times more likely to suffer cerebral vascular accidents than women. | * Men are 1.25 times more likely to suffer cerebral vascular accidents than women. | ||
** However, 60% of deaths from stroke occur in women: Since women usually live longer, they are usually older when they suffer from strokes and are more often killed).<ref name="NINDS1999" /> | |||
* Some risk factors for stroke apply only to women | |||
** Primary among these are pregnancy, childbirth, menopause and the treatment thereof ([[Hormone replacement therapy|HRT]]). | |||
===Race=== | |||
*The risk of incidence of first stroke is twice in African-American population as compared to Caucasians with increased mortality rates.<ref name="CDCstroke">http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm Accessed on November 3, 2016</ref> | |||
===Geographical distribution=== | |||
*There is increased incidence and mortality rates of stroke in developing countries as compared to developed countries due to low socioeconomic status and heath facilities. | |||
*In the USA, the highest death rates from stroke are in the southeastern United States.<ref name="CDCstroke">http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm Accessed on November 3, 2016</ref> | |||
===Stroke in USA=== | |||
*Stroke is a leading cause of serious long-term disability | |||
*In USA, the incidence and mortality rates of stroke has significantly decreased compared to previous years. | |||
*From year 2003 to 2013, the mortality rates due to stroke declined by 18.5%.<ref name="pmid26673558">{{cite journal| author=Writing Group Members. Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ et al.| title=Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. | journal=Circulation | year= 2016 | volume= 133 | issue= 4 | pages= e38-360 | pmid=26673558 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26673558 }} </ref> | |||
*In 2013, stroke became the fifth leading cause of death. | |||
*The case fatality rate of stroke is estimated to be 41.7 deaths per 100, 000 population<ref name="pmid26673558">{{cite journal| author=Writing Group Members. Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ et al.| title=Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. | journal=Circulation | year= 2016 | volume= 133 | issue= 4 | pages= e38-360 | pmid=26673558 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26673558 }} </ref> | |||
*The incidence of new (610, 000) or recurrent stroke (185, 000) is estimated to be 795000 people annually or 250 cases per 100, 000.<ref name="pmid26673558">{{cite journal| author=Writing Group Members. Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ et al.| title=Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. | journal=Circulation | year= 2016 | volume= 133 | issue= 4 | pages= e38-360 | pmid=26673558 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26673558 }} </ref> | |||
*It is estimated that one incidence of stroke happens every 4 sec with death occurs every 4 min.<ref name="pmid26673558">{{cite journal| author=Writing Group Members. Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ et al.| title=Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. | journal=Circulation | year= 2016 | volume= 133 | issue= 4 | pages= e38-360 | pmid=26673558 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26673558 }} </ref> | |||
*About 87% of all strokes are ischemic strokes<ref name="CDCstroke">http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm Accessed on November 3, 2016</ref> | |||
*Stroke costs the United States an estimated $34 billion each year<ref name="CDCstroke">http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm Accessed on November 3, 2016</ref> | |||
===Worldwide=== | |||
*According to WHO, the incidence of stroke is estimated to be 15 million people annually, worldwide.<ref name="WHOSTROKE">Mackay, Judith, et al. The atlas of heart disease and stroke. World Health Organization, 2004 Accessed on November 3 2016</ref>. | |||
*Out of these, 5 million die and 5 million are left permanently disabled.<ref name="WHOSTROKE">Mackay, Judith, et al. The atlas of heart disease and stroke. World Health Organization, 2004 Accessed on November 3 2016</ref>. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
[[Category:Needs english review]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:05, 21 September 2022
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Ischemic stroke epidemiology and demographics On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Ischemic stroke epidemiology and demographics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maryam Hadipour, M.D.[2],Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [3]Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[4],Tarek Nafee, M.D. [5],Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [6]
Overview
The worldwide incident of stroke is about 68 percent and it increases with age. It is more common in men. However, the mortality is more in women. the incident and mortality rates are high in African-American population and developing countries.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- Worldwide, the incidence of ischemic stroke is estimated to be 68 percent.[1]
- Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the Western world, after heart disease and cancer, and causes 10% of deaths worldwide.[2]
- The incidence of stroke increases exponentially from 30 years of age, and etiology varies by age.[3]
Age
- Stroke can occur in all age groups. However, the incidence of stroke is less among individuals age less than 40 years of age and the risk increases with increasing age. [4]
- According to National Health Interview survey data, there is increased number of hospitalizations in patients aged 5-44 years for ischemic stroke.
- 95% of strokes occur in people age 45 and older; two-thirds of strokes occur in those over the age of 65.[5]
- A person's risk of dying if he or she does have a stroke also increases with age.
- However, stroke can occur at any age, including in fetuses.
- According to WHO, stroke also occurs in about 8% of children with sickle cell disease. Stroke is the second leading killer of people under 20 years age who suffer from sickle-cell anemia.[6].
- The incidence of stroke in people aged 18 to 50 years is estimated to be approximately 10%. [7]
Gender
- Men are 1.25 times more likely to suffer cerebral vascular accidents than women.
- However, 60% of deaths from stroke occur in women: Since women usually live longer, they are usually older when they suffer from strokes and are more often killed).[5]
- Some risk factors for stroke apply only to women
- Primary among these are pregnancy, childbirth, menopause and the treatment thereof (HRT).
Race
- The risk of incidence of first stroke is twice in African-American population as compared to Caucasians with increased mortality rates.[4]
Geographical distribution
- There is increased incidence and mortality rates of stroke in developing countries as compared to developed countries due to low socioeconomic status and heath facilities.
- In the USA, the highest death rates from stroke are in the southeastern United States.[4]
Stroke in USA
- Stroke is a leading cause of serious long-term disability
- In USA, the incidence and mortality rates of stroke has significantly decreased compared to previous years.
- From year 2003 to 2013, the mortality rates due to stroke declined by 18.5%.[7]
- In 2013, stroke became the fifth leading cause of death.
- The case fatality rate of stroke is estimated to be 41.7 deaths per 100, 000 population[7]
- The incidence of new (610, 000) or recurrent stroke (185, 000) is estimated to be 795000 people annually or 250 cases per 100, 000.[7]
- It is estimated that one incidence of stroke happens every 4 sec with death occurs every 4 min.[7]
- About 87% of all strokes are ischemic strokes[4]
- Stroke costs the United States an estimated $34 billion each year[4]
Worldwide
- According to WHO, the incidence of stroke is estimated to be 15 million people annually, worldwide.[6].
- Out of these, 5 million die and 5 million are left permanently disabled.[6].
References
- ↑ Murray CJ, Lopez AD (1997). "Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study". Lancet. 349 (9061): 1269–76. PMID 9142060.
- ↑ The World health report 2004. Annex Table 2: Deaths by cause, sex and mortality stratum in WHO regions, estimates for 2002 (PDF). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2004.
- ↑ Ellekjær, H (1997). "Epidemiology of Stroke in Innherred, Norway, 1994 to 1996 : Incidence and 30-Day Case-Fatality Rate". Stroke. 28: 2180–2184. PMID 9368561. Retrieved 2008-01-22. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm Accessed on November 3, 2016
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (1999). "Stroke: Hope Through Research". National Institutes of Health.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Mackay, Judith, et al. The atlas of heart disease and stroke. World Health Organization, 2004 Accessed on November 3 2016
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Writing Group Members. Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ; et al. (2016). "Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association". Circulation. 133 (4): e38–360. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350. PMID 26673558.