Transient ischemic attack risk factors: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
 
The risk factors of transient ischemic attack may include modifiable and non modifiable risk factors such as age, sex, race, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, hypercoaguable state, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking and alcohal consumption.<ref name="pmid27134474">{{cite journal| author=Khare S| title=Risk factors of transient ischemic attack: An overview. | journal=J Midlife Health | year= 2016 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 2-7 | pmid=27134474 | doi=10.4103/0976-7800.179166 | pmc=4832890 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27134474  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16385089">{{cite journal| author=Flossmann E, Rothwell PM| title=Family history of stroke does not predict risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack. | journal=Stroke | year= 2006 | volume= 37 | issue= 2 | pages= 544-6 | pmid=16385089 | doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000198879.11072.f2 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16385089  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12738890">{{cite journal| author=Kelly PJ, Shih VE, Kistler JP, Barron M, Lee H, Mandell R et al.| title=Low vitamin B6 but not homocyst(e)ine is associated with increased risk of stroke and transient ischemic attack in the era of folic acid grain fortification. | journal=Stroke | year= 2003 | volume= 34 | issue= 6 | pages= e51-4 | pmid=12738890 | doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000071109.23410.AB | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12738890  }} </ref>
==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
The risk factors of transient ischemic attack may include modifiable and non modifiable risk factors:  
The risk factors of transient ischemic attack may include modifiable and non modifiable risk factors:<ref name="pmid27134474">{{cite journal| author=Khare S| title=Risk factors of transient ischemic attack: An overview. | journal=J Midlife Health | year= 2016 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 2-7 | pmid=27134474 | doi=10.4103/0976-7800.179166 | pmc=4832890 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27134474  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16385089">{{cite journal| author=Flossmann E, Rothwell PM| title=Family history of stroke does not predict risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack. | journal=Stroke | year= 2006 | volume= 37 | issue= 2 | pages= 544-6 | pmid=16385089 | doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000198879.11072.f2 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16385089  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12738890">{{cite journal| author=Kelly PJ, Shih VE, Kistler JP, Barron M, Lee H, Mandell R et al.| title=Low vitamin B6 but not homocyst(e)ine is associated with increased risk of stroke and transient ischemic attack in the era of folic acid grain fortification. | journal=Stroke | year= 2003 | volume= 34 | issue= 6 | pages= e51-4 | pmid=12738890 | doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000071109.23410.AB | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12738890  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22276822">{{cite journal| author=Berry JD, Dyer A, Cai X, Garside DB, Ning H, Thomas A et al.| title=Lifetime risks of cardiovascular disease. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2012 | volume= 366 | issue= 4 | pages= 321-9 | pmid=22276822 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1012848 | pmc=3336876 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22276822  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10872016">{{cite journal| author=Gillum LA, Mamidipudi SK, Johnston SC| title=Ischemic stroke risk with oral contraceptives: A meta-analysis. | journal=JAMA | year= 2000 | volume= 284 | issue= 1 | pages= 72-8 | pmid=10872016 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10872016  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24384645">{{cite journal| author=Breuer J, Pacou M, Gauthier A, Brown MM| title=Herpes zoster as a risk factor for stroke and TIA: a retrospective cohort study in the UK. | journal=Neurology | year= 2014 | volume= 82 | issue= 3 | pages= 206-12 | pmid=24384645 | doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000000038 | pmc=3902756 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24384645  }} </ref><ref name="pmid14615107">{{cite journal| author=Turnbull F, Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration| title=Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials. | journal=Lancet | year= 2003 | volume= 362 | issue= 9395 | pages= 1527-35 | pmid=14615107 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14615107  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15122835 Review in: ACP J Club. 2004 May-Jun;140(3):72] </ref>
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hypertension]]<ref name="pmid18706004">{{cite journal| author=Allen CL, Bayraktutan U| title=Risk factors for ischaemic stroke. | journal=Int J Stroke | year= 2008 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 105-16 | pmid=18706004 | doi=10.1111/j.1747-4949.2008.00187.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18706004  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22980242" /><ref name="pmid19124428">{{cite journal| author=Romero JR, Morris J, Pikula A| title=Stroke prevention: modifying risk factors. | journal=Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 2 | issue= 4 | pages= 287-303 | pmid=19124428 | doi=10.1177/1753944708093847 | pmc=2729177 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19124428  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hypertension]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Age >55 years <ref name="pmid18706004">{{cite journal| author=Allen CL, Bayraktutan U| title=Risk factors for ischaemic stroke. | journal=Int J Stroke | year= 2008 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 105-16 | pmid=18706004 | doi=10.1111/j.1747-4949.2008.00187.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18706004  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22980242">{{cite journal| author=Deoke A, Deoke S, Saoji A, Hajare S| title=Profile of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in stroke in a rural based tertiary care hospital - a case control study. | journal=Glob J Health Sci | year= 2012 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 158-63 | pmid=22980242 | doi=10.5539/gjhs.v4n3p158 | pmc=4776924 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22980242  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17898325">{{cite journal| author=Prabhakaran S, Wright CB, Yoshita M, Delapaz R, Brown T, DeCarli C et al.| title=Prevalence and determinants of subclinical brain infarction: the Northern Manhattan Study. | journal=Neurology | year= 2008 | volume= 70 | issue= 6 | pages= 425-30 | pmid=17898325 | doi=10.1212/01.wnl.0000277521.66947.e5 | pmc=2714050 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17898325  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Age >55 years  
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Diabetes mellitus]]<ref name="pmid18706004">{{cite journal| author=Allen CL, Bayraktutan U| title=Risk factors for ischaemic stroke. | journal=Int J Stroke | year= 2008 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 105-16 | pmid=18706004 | doi=10.1111/j.1747-4949.2008.00187.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18706004  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22980242">{{cite journal| author=Deoke A, Deoke S, Saoji A, Hajare S| title=Profile of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in stroke in a rural based tertiary care hospital - a case control study. | journal=Glob J Health Sci | year= 2012 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 158-63 | pmid=22980242 | doi=10.5539/gjhs.v4n3p158 | pmc=4776924 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22980242  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19124428">{{cite journal| author=Romero JR, Morris J, Pikula A| title=Stroke prevention: modifying risk factors. | journal=Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 2 | issue= 4 | pages= 287-303 | pmid=19124428 | doi=10.1177/1753944708093847 | pmc=2729177 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19124428  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15249512">{{cite journal| author=Jørgensen L, Jenssen T, Joakimsen O, Heuch I, Ingebretsen OC, Jacobsen BK| title=Glycated hemoglobin level is strongly related to the prevalence of carotid artery plaques with high echogenicity in nondiabetic individuals: the Tromsø study. | journal=Circulation | year= 2004 | volume= 110 | issue= 4 | pages= 466-70 | pmid=15249512 | doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000136809.55141.3B | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15249512  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Diabetes mellitus]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Family history of ischemic stroke<ref name="pmid15933254">{{cite journal| author=Jood K, Ladenvall C, Rosengren A, Blomstrand C, Jern C| title=Family history in ischemic stroke before 70 years of age: the Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke. | journal=Stroke | year= 2005 | volume= 36 | issue= 7 | pages= 1383-7 | pmid=15933254 | doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000169944.46025.09 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15933254  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12714707">{{cite journal| author=Jerrard-Dunne P, Cloud G, Hassan A, Markus HS| title=Evaluating the genetic component of ischemic stroke subtypes: a family history study. | journal=Stroke | year= 2003 | volume= 34 | issue= 6 | pages= 1364-9 | pmid=12714707 | doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000069723.17984.FD | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12714707  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Family history of TIA or ischemic stroke
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Atrial fibrillation]]<ref name="pmid16179578">{{cite journal| author=Squizzato A, Gerdes VE, Brandjes DP, Büller HR, Stam J| title=Thyroid diseases and cerebrovascular disease. | journal=Stroke | year= 2005 | volume= 36 | issue= 10 | pages= 2302-10 | pmid=16179578 | doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000181772.78492.07 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16179578  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25034713">{{cite journal| author=Friberg L, Rosenqvist M, Lindgren A, Terént A, Norrving B, Asplund K| title=High prevalence of atrial fibrillation among patients with ischemic stroke. | journal=Stroke | year= 2014 | volume= 45 | issue= 9 | pages= 2599-605 | pmid=25034713 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.006070 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25034713  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27026630">{{cite journal| author=Joundi RA, Cipriano LE, Sposato LA, Saposnik G, Stroke Outcomes Research Working Group| title=Ischemic Stroke Risk in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and CHA2DS2-VASc Score of 1: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. | journal=Stroke | year= 2016 | volume= 47 | issue= 5 | pages= 1364-7 | pmid=27026630 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.012609 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27026630  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26251249">{{cite journal| author=Fauchier L, Clementy N, Pelade C, Collignon C, Nicolle E, Lip GY| title=Patients With Ischemic Stroke and Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Cohort Study. | journal=Stroke | year= 2015 | volume= 46 | issue= 9 | pages= 2432-7 | pmid=26251249 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.010270 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26251249  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Atrial fibrillation]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |African American and hispanic race<ref name="pmid18706004">{{cite journal| author=Allen CL, Bayraktutan U| title=Risk factors for ischaemic stroke. | journal=Int J Stroke | year= 2008 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 105-16 | pmid=18706004 | doi=10.1111/j.1747-4949.2008.00187.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18706004  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22980242">{{cite journal| author=Deoke A, Deoke S, Saoji A, Hajare S| title=Profile of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in stroke in a rural based tertiary care hospital - a case control study. | journal=Glob J Health Sci | year= 2012 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 158-63 | pmid=22980242 | doi=10.5539/gjhs.v4n3p158 | pmc=4776924 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22980242  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23709708">{{cite journal| author=Howard VJ| title=Reasons underlying racial differences in stroke incidence and mortality. | journal=Stroke | year= 2013 | volume= 44 | issue= 6 Suppl 1 | pages= S126-8 | pmid=23709708 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.000691 | pmc=3784978 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23709708  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19026895">{{cite journal| author=Grysiewicz RA, Thomas K, Pandey DK| title=Epidemiology of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: incidence, prevalence, mortality, and risk factors. | journal=Neurol Clin | year= 2008 | volume= 26 | issue= 4 | pages= 871-95, vii | pmid=19026895 | doi=10.1016/j.ncl.2008.07.003 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19026895  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |African American and hispanic race
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Coronary heart disease]]<ref name="pmid18706004">{{cite journal| author=Allen CL, Bayraktutan U| title=Risk factors for ischaemic stroke. | journal=Int J Stroke | year= 2008 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 105-16 | pmid=18706004 | doi=10.1111/j.1747-4949.2008.00187.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18706004  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Coronary heart disease]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Male gender<ref name="pmid18706004">{{cite journal| author=Allen CL, Bayraktutan U| title=Risk factors for ischaemic stroke. | journal=Int J Stroke | year= 2008 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 105-16 | pmid=18706004 | doi=10.1111/j.1747-4949.2008.00187.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18706004  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22980242">{{cite journal| author=Deoke A, Deoke S, Saoji A, Hajare S| title=Profile of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in stroke in a rural based tertiary care hospital - a case control study. | journal=Glob J Health Sci | year= 2012 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 158-63 | pmid=22980242 | doi=10.5539/gjhs.v4n3p158 | pmc=4776924 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22980242  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Male gender
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Cigarette smoking]]<ref name="pmid22980242">{{cite journal| author=Deoke A, Deoke S, Saoji A, Hajare S| title=Profile of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in stroke in a rural based tertiary care hospital - a case control study. | journal=Glob J Health Sci | year= 2012 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 158-63 | pmid=22980242 | doi=10.5539/gjhs.v4n3p158 | pmc=4776924 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22980242  }} </ref><ref name="pmid3339799">{{cite journal| author=Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Kannel WB, Bonita R, Belanger AJ| title=Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke. The Framingham Study. | journal=JAMA | year= 1988 | volume= 259 | issue= 7 | pages= 1025-9 | pmid=3339799 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3339799  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23970792">{{cite journal| author=Peters SA, Huxley RR, Woodward M| title=Smoking as a risk factor for stroke in women compared with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 81 cohorts, including 3,980,359 individuals and 42,401 strokes. | journal=Stroke | year= 2013 | volume= 44 | issue= 10 | pages= 2821-8 | pmid=23970792 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002342 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23970792  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Cigarette smoking]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Genetic disorders<ref name="pmid21629240">{{cite journal| author=Meschia JF, Worrall BB, Rich SS| title=Genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke. | journal=Nat Rev Neurol | year= 2011 | volume= 7 | issue= 7 | pages= 369-78 | pmid=21629240 | doi=10.1038/nrneurol.2011.80 | pmc=3932660 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21629240  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12714707">{{cite journal| author=Jerrard-Dunne P, Cloud G, Hassan A, Markus HS| title=Evaluating the genetic component of ischemic stroke subtypes: a family history study. | journal=Stroke | year= 2003 | volume= 34 | issue= 6 | pages= 1364-9 | pmid=12714707 | doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000069723.17984.FD | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12714707  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9386200">{{cite journal| author=Ockene IS, Miller NH| title=Cigarette smoking, cardiovascular disease, and stroke: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. American Heart Association Task Force on Risk Reduction. | journal=Circulation | year= 1997 | volume= 96 | issue= 9 | pages= 3243-7 | pmid=9386200 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9386200  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Genetic disorders
* [[Sickle-cell disease|Sickle cell disease]]  
* [[Sickle-cell disease|Sickle cell disease]]  
*[[Fabry disease]]
*[[Fabry disease]]
|-
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Alcohal consumption<ref name="pmid22980242">{{cite journal| author=Deoke A, Deoke S, Saoji A, Hajare S| title=Profile of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in stroke in a rural based tertiary care hospital - a case control study. | journal=Glob J Health Sci | year= 2012 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 158-63 | pmid=22980242 | doi=10.5539/gjhs.v4n3p158 | pmc=4776924 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22980242  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Alcohal consumption
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Previous history of stroke or TIA
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Previous history of stroke or TIA
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hyperhomocysteinemia]]<ref name="pmid10797167">{{cite journal| author=Eikelboom JW, Hankey GJ, Anand SS, Lofthouse E, Staples N, Baker RI| title=Association between high homocyst(e)ine and ischemic stroke due to large- and small-artery disease but not other etiologic subtypes of ischemic stroke. | journal=Stroke | year= 2000 | volume= 31 | issue= 5 | pages= 1069-75 | pmid=10797167 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10797167  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15159287">{{cite journal| author=Iso H, Moriyama Y, Sato S, Kitamura A, Tanigawa T, Yamagishi K et al.| title=Serum total homocysteine concentrations and risk of stroke and its subtypes in Japanese. | journal=Circulation | year= 2004 | volume= 109 | issue= 22 | pages= 2766-72 | pmid=15159287 | doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000131942.77635.2D | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15159287  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hyperhomocysteinemia]]
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Obesity]]<ref name="pmid12775882">{{cite journal| author=Suk SH, Sacco RL, Boden-Albala B, Cheun JF, Pittman JG, Elkind MS et al.| title=Abdominal obesity and risk of ischemic stroke: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. | journal=Stroke | year= 2003 | volume= 34 | issue= 7 | pages= 1586-92 | pmid=12775882 | doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000075294.98582.2F | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12775882  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25944320">{{cite journal| author=Mitchell AB, Cole JW, McArdle PF, Cheng YC, Ryan KA, Sparks MJ et al.| title=Obesity increases risk of ischemic stroke in young adults. | journal=Stroke | year= 2015 | volume= 46 | issue= 6 | pages= 1690-2 | pmid=25944320 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.008940 | pmc=4458137 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25944320  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Obesity]]
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hyperlipidemia]]<ref name="pmid22980242">{{cite journal| author=Deoke A, Deoke S, Saoji A, Hajare S| title=Profile of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in stroke in a rural based tertiary care hospital - a case control study. | journal=Glob J Health Sci | year= 2012 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 158-63 | pmid=22980242 | doi=10.5539/gjhs.v4n3p158 | pmc=4776924 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22980242  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26451029">{{cite journal| author=Yaghi S, Elkind MS| title=Lipids and Cerebrovascular Disease: Research and Practice. | journal=Stroke | year= 2015 | volume= 46 | issue= 11 | pages= 3322-8 | pmid=26451029 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.011164 | pmc=4624572 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26451029  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19001625">{{cite journal| author=Freiberg JJ, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Jensen JS, Nordestgaard BG| title=Nonfasting triglycerides and risk of ischemic stroke in the general population. | journal=JAMA | year= 2008 | volume= 300 | issue= 18 | pages= 2142-52 | pmid=19001625 | doi=10.1001/jama.2008.621 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19001625  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17635891">{{cite journal| author=Bansal S, Buring JE, Rifai N, Mora S, Sacks FM, Ridker PM| title=Fasting compared with nonfasting triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in women. | journal=JAMA | year= 2007 | volume= 298 | issue= 3 | pages= 309-16 | pmid=17635891 | doi=10.1001/jama.298.3.309 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17635891  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hyperlipidemia]]
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hypothyroidism]]<ref name="pmid16734043">{{cite journal| author=Remmel KS, Wanahita A, Moore K, Gruenthal M| title=Acute ischemic stroke and hypothyroidism. | journal=J Ky Med Assoc | year= 2006 | volume= 104 | issue= 5 | pages= 191-3 | pmid=16734043 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16734043  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16179578">{{cite journal| author=Squizzato A, Gerdes VE, Brandjes DP, Büller HR, Stam J| title=Thyroid diseases and cerebrovascular disease. | journal=Stroke | year= 2005 | volume= 36 | issue= 10 | pages= 2302-10 | pmid=16179578 | doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000181772.78492.07 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16179578  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hypothyroidism]]
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Oral contraceptive use <ref name="pmid10872016">{{cite journal| author=Gillum LA, Mamidipudi SK, Johnston SC| title=Ischemic stroke risk with oral contraceptives: A meta-analysis. | journal=JAMA | year= 2000 | volume= 284 | issue= 1 | pages= 72-8 | pmid=10872016 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10872016  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10997772">{{cite journal| author=Bousser MG, Kittner SJ| title=Oral contraceptives and stroke. | journal=Cephalalgia | year= 2000 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 183-9 | pmid=10997772 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10997772  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Oral contraceptive use  
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sedentary life style<ref name="pmid19641674">{{cite journal| author=Buttar HS, Li T, Ravi N| title=Prevention of cardiovascular diseases: Role of exercise, dietary interventions, obesity and smoking cessation. | journal=Exp Clin Cardiol | year= 2005 | volume= 10 | issue= 4 | pages= 229-49 | pmid=19641674 | doi= | pmc=2716237 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19641674  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sedentary life style
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==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]

Latest revision as of 00:29, 30 July 2020

Transient ischemic attack Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

The risk factors of transient ischemic attack may include modifiable and non modifiable risk factors such as age, sex, race, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, hypercoaguable state, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking and alcohal consumption.[1][2][3]

Risk Factors

The risk factors of transient ischemic attack may include modifiable and non modifiable risk factors:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

Modifiable risk factors Non modifiable risk factors
Hypertension Age >55 years
Diabetes mellitus Family history of TIA or ischemic stroke
Atrial fibrillation African American and hispanic race
Coronary heart disease Male gender
Cigarette smoking Genetic disorders
Alcohal consumption Previous history of stroke or TIA
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Obesity
Hyperlipidemia
Hypothyroidism
Oral contraceptive use
Sedentary life style
Hypercoagulable disorders

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Khare S (2016). "Risk factors of transient ischemic attack: An overview". J Midlife Health. 7 (1): 2–7. doi:10.4103/0976-7800.179166. PMC 4832890. PMID 27134474.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Flossmann E, Rothwell PM (2006). "Family history of stroke does not predict risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack". Stroke. 37 (2): 544–6. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000198879.11072.f2. PMID 16385089.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kelly PJ, Shih VE, Kistler JP, Barron M, Lee H, Mandell R; et al. (2003). "Low vitamin B6 but not homocyst(e)ine is associated with increased risk of stroke and transient ischemic attack in the era of folic acid grain fortification". Stroke. 34 (6): e51–4. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000071109.23410.AB. PMID 12738890.
  4. ↑ Berry JD, Dyer A, Cai X, Garside DB, Ning H, Thomas A; et al. (2012). "Lifetime risks of cardiovascular disease". N Engl J Med. 366 (4): 321–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1012848. PMC 3336876. PMID 22276822.
  5. ↑ Gillum LA, Mamidipudi SK, Johnston SC (2000). "Ischemic stroke risk with oral contraceptives: A meta-analysis". JAMA. 284 (1): 72–8. PMID 10872016.
  6. ↑ Breuer J, Pacou M, Gauthier A, Brown MM (2014). "Herpes zoster as a risk factor for stroke and TIA: a retrospective cohort study in the UK". Neurology. 82 (3): 206–12. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000038. PMC 3902756. PMID 24384645.
  7. ↑ Turnbull F, Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration (2003). "Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials". Lancet. 362 (9395): 1527–35. PMID 14615107. Review in: ACP J Club. 2004 May-Jun;140(3):72

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