Subarachnoid hemorrhage causes: Difference between revisions
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{{Subarachnoid hemorrhage}} | {{Subarachnoid hemorrhage}} | ||
{{CMG}}; | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SAH}} {{CZ}}; {{SaraM}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Spontaneous SAH is most often due to rupture of [[cerebral aneurysm]]s (85%), which are weaknesses in the wall of the [[artery|arteries]] of the brain that enlarge. | Subarachnoid hemorrhages may be caused by trauma or may occur spontaneously. Spontaneous SAH is most often due to rupture of [[cerebral aneurysm]]s (85%), which are weaknesses in the wall of the [[artery|arteries]] of the brain that enlarge. | ||
Beside aneurysmal rupture, other common causes of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhages include vascular events (such as [[arteriovenous malformation]], [[dural arteriovenous fistula]], perimesencephalic, [[arterial dissection|Intracranial arterial dissection]], and [[amyloid angiopathy]]), cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy, brain or cervical tumors, and illicit drug use (such as [[cocaine]] and[[amphetamines]]).<ref name="pmid20231664">{{cite journal| author=Kumar S, Goddeau RP, Selim MH, Thomas A, Schlaug G, Alhazzani A et al.| title=Atraumatic convexal subarachnoid hemorrhage: clinical presentation, imaging patterns, and etiologies. | journal=Neurology | year= 2010 | volume= 74 | issue= 11 | pages= 893-9 | pmid=20231664 | doi=10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181d55efa | pmc=2836868 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20231664 }} </ref><ref name="pmid14087271">{{cite journal| author=STEHBENS WE| title=ANEURYSMS AND ANATOMICAL VARIATION OF CEREBRAL ARTERIES. | journal=Arch Pathol | year= 1963 | volume= 75 | issue= | pages= 45-64 | pmid=14087271 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14087271 }} </ref><ref name="pmid7681275">{{cite journal| author=Austin G, Fisher S, Dickson D, Anderson D, Richardson S| title=The significance of the extracellular matrix in intracranial aneurysms. | journal=Ann Clin Lab Sci | year= 1993 | volume= 23 | issue= 2 | pages= 97-105 | pmid=7681275 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7681275 }} </ref><ref name="pmid2675363">{{cite journal| author=Schievink WI, Karemaker JM, Hageman LM, van der Werf DJ| title=Circumstances surrounding aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. | journal=Surg Neurol | year= 1989 | volume= 32 | issue= 4 | pages= 266-72 | pmid=2675363 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2675363 }} </ref><ref name="pmid1774755">{{cite journal| author=Patel RL, Richards P, Chambers DJ, Venn G| title=Infective endocarditis complicated by ruptured cerebral mycotic aneurysm. | journal=J R Soc Med | year= 1991 | volume= 84 | issue= 12 | pages= 746-7 | pmid=1774755 | doi= | pmc=1295527 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1774755 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11117973">{{cite journal| author=Kernan WN, Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Broderick JP, Brott T, Feldmann E et al.| title=c and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2000 | volume= 343 | issue= 25 | pages= 1826-32 | pmid=11117973 | doi=10.1056/NEJM200012213432501 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11117973 }} </ref><ref name="pmid1866000">{{cite journal| author=Levine SR, Brust JC, Futrell N, Brass LM, Blake D, Fayad P et al.| title=A comparative study of the cerebrovascular complications of cocaine: alkaloidal versus hydrochloride--a review. | journal=Neurology | year= 1991 | volume= 41 | issue= 8 | pages= 1173-7 | pmid=1866000 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1866000 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3572505">{{cite journal| author=Scotti G, Filizzolo F, Scialfa G, Tampieri D, Versari P| title=Repeated subarachnoid hemorrhages from a cervical meningioma. Case report. | journal=J Neurosurg | year= 1987 | volume= 66 | issue= 5 | pages= 779-81 | pmid=3572505 | doi=10.3171/jns.1987.66.5.0779 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3572505 }} </ref> | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Latest revision as of 06:38, 14 November 2018
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Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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AHA/ASA Guidelines for the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2012)
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Case Studies |
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Subarachnoid hemorrhage causes |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Subarachnoid hemorrhage causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Ahsan Hussain, M.D.[2] Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [4]
Overview
Subarachnoid hemorrhages may be caused by trauma or may occur spontaneously. Spontaneous SAH is most often due to rupture of cerebral aneurysms (85%), which are weaknesses in the wall of the arteries of the brain that enlarge. Beside aneurysmal rupture, other common causes of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhages include vascular events (such as arteriovenous malformation, dural arteriovenous fistula, perimesencephalic, Intracranial arterial dissection, and amyloid angiopathy), cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy, brain or cervical tumors, and illicit drug use (such as cocaine andamphetamines).[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
Causes
Subarachnoid hemorrhages may be caused by trauma or may occur spontaneously.
Common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhages include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
Trauma
Head trauma following accident or a fall
Spontaneous
Rupture of an aneurysm
- Saccular aneurysms (most common cause)
- Fusiform aneurysms
- Mycotic aneurysms
Vascular events
- Arteriovenous malformation
- Dural arteriovenous fistula
- Perimesencephalic
- Intracranial arterial dissection
- Amyloid angiopathy
- Cerebral venous thrombosis
- Cerebral vasculitis
- Reversible vasoconstriction syndrome
Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy
Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome
Brain or cervical tumors
Illicit drug use
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kumar S, Goddeau RP, Selim MH, Thomas A, Schlaug G, Alhazzani A; et al. (2010). "Atraumatic convexal subarachnoid hemorrhage: clinical presentation, imaging patterns, and etiologies". Neurology. 74 (11): 893–9. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181d55efa. PMC 2836868. PMID 20231664.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 STEHBENS WE (1963). "ANEURYSMS AND ANATOMICAL VARIATION OF CEREBRAL ARTERIES". Arch Pathol. 75: 45–64. PMID 14087271.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Austin G, Fisher S, Dickson D, Anderson D, Richardson S (1993). "The significance of the extracellular matrix in intracranial aneurysms". Ann Clin Lab Sci. 23 (2): 97–105. PMID 7681275.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Schievink WI, Karemaker JM, Hageman LM, van der Werf DJ (1989). "Circumstances surrounding aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage". Surg Neurol. 32 (4): 266–72. PMID 2675363.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Patel RL, Richards P, Chambers DJ, Venn G (1991). "Infective endocarditis complicated by ruptured cerebral mycotic aneurysm". J R Soc Med. 84 (12): 746–7. PMC 1295527. PMID 1774755.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kernan WN, Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Broderick JP, Brott T, Feldmann E; et al. (2000). "c and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke". N Engl J Med. 343 (25): 1826–32. doi:10.1056/NEJM200012213432501. PMID 11117973.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Levine SR, Brust JC, Futrell N, Brass LM, Blake D, Fayad P; et al. (1991). "A comparative study of the cerebrovascular complications of cocaine: alkaloidal versus hydrochloride--a review". Neurology. 41 (8): 1173–7. PMID 1866000.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Scotti G, Filizzolo F, Scialfa G, Tampieri D, Versari P (1987). "Repeated subarachnoid hemorrhages from a cervical meningioma. Case report". J Neurosurg. 66 (5): 779–81. doi:10.3171/jns.1987.66.5.0779. PMID 3572505.
- ↑ Navi BB, Reichman JS, Berlin D, Reiner AS, Panageas KS, Segal AZ; et al. (2010). "Intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients with cancer". Neurology. 74 (6): 494–501. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181cef837. PMC 2830918. PMID 20142616.