Helicobacter pylori infection historical perspective: Difference between revisions

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{{Helicobacter pylori infection}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
It was identified in 1982 by [[Barry Marshall]] and Robin Warren, who found that it was present in patients with chronic [[gastritis]] and [[Peptic ulcer|gastric ulcers]], conditions that were not previously believed to have a [[Microorganism|microbial]] cause.
The association between ''[[helicobacter pylori]]'' and [[peptic ulcers]] was made by Barry Marshall and Robin Warren in the year 1984 for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize in 2005 in [[physiology]] or medicine.


==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
*The association between Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcers was made by Barry Marshall and Robin Warren in the year 1984.<ref name="pmid23752823">{{cite journal| author=Fock KM, Graham DY, Malfertheiner P| title=Helicobacter pylori research: historical insights and future directions. | journal=Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol | year= 2013 | volume= 10 | issue= 8 | pages= 495-500 | pmid=23752823 | doi=10.1038/nrgastro.2013.96 | pmc=3973742 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23752823  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16847081">{{cite journal| author=Kusters JG, van Vliet AH, Kuipers EJ| title=Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2006 | volume= 19 | issue= 3 | pages= 449-90 | pmid=16847081 | doi=10.1128/CMR.00054-05 | pmc=1539101 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16847081  }} </ref><ref name="pmid6134060">{{cite journal| author=| title=Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis. | journal=Lancet | year= 1983 | volume= 1 | issue= 8336 | pages= 1273-5 | pmid=6134060 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6134060  }} </ref>
*The association between ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'' and [[peptic ulcers]] was made by Barry Marshall and Robin Warren in the year 1984.<ref name="pmid23752823">{{cite journal| author=Fock KM, Graham DY, Malfertheiner P| title=Helicobacter pylori research: historical insights and future directions. | journal=Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol | year= 2013 | volume= 10 | issue= 8 | pages= 495-500 | pmid=23752823 | doi=10.1038/nrgastro.2013.96 | pmc=3973742 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23752823  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16847081">{{cite journal| author=Kusters JG, van Vliet AH, Kuipers EJ| title=Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2006 | volume= 19 | issue= 3 | pages= 449-90 | pmid=16847081 | doi=10.1128/CMR.00054-05 | pmc=1539101 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16847081  }} </ref><ref name="pmid6134060">{{cite journal| author=| title=Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis. | journal=Lancet | year= 1983 | volume= 1 | issue= 8336 | pages= 1273-5 | pmid=6134060 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6134060  }} </ref><ref name="pmid3982345">{{cite journal| author=Marshall BJ, Armstrong JA, McGechie DB, Glancy RJ| title=Attempt to fulfil Koch's postulates for pyloric Campylobacter. | journal=Med J Aust | year= 1985 | volume= 142 | issue= 8 | pages= 436-9 | pmid=3982345 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3982345  }} </ref>
*In 2005, the discovery of association between H pylori and peptic ulcer disease has a
*In 1994, the national institute of health (NIH) consensus development panel concluded that there is a strong association between ''[[H. pylori]]'' and [[ulcer]] disease, and recommends that [[ulcer]] patients with ''[[H. pylori]]'' infection be treated with [[antibiotics]].<ref name="pmid8007082">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=NIH Consensus Conference. Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcer Disease |journal=JAMA |volume=272 |issue=1 |pages=65–9 |year=1994 |pmid=8007082 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
*In 1994, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and WHO concluded that ''[[H.pylori]]'' is a group I human [[carcinogen]] for [[gastric adenocarcinoma]].<ref name="pmid9103907">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tanida N, Sakagami T, Sawada Y, Shimoyama T |title=[Critical review on the WHO/IARC report regarding carcinogenicity of Helicobacter pylori] |language=Japanese |journal=Nippon Rinsho |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=995–1002 |year=1997 |pmid=9103907 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="UemuraOkamoto2001">{{cite journal|last1=Uemura|first1=Naomi|last2=Okamoto|first2=Shiro|last3=Yamamoto|first3=Soichiro|last4=Matsumura|first4=Nobutoshi|last5=Yamaguchi|first5=Shuji|last6=Yamakido|first6=Michio|last7=Taniyama|first7=Kiyomi|last8=Sasaki|first8=Naomi|last9=Schlemper|first9=Ronald J.|title=Helicobacter pyloriInfection and the Development of Gastric Cancer|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=345|issue=11|year=2001|pages=784–789|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa001999}}</ref>
===Early 20th Century===
*In 1997, the United States FDA approved three ''[[H.pylori]]'' regimens for the eradication of infection. They are<ref name="pmid9394774">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hopkins RJ |title=Current FDA-approved treatments for Helicobacter pylori and the FDA approval process |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=113 |issue=6 Suppl |pages=S126–30 |year=1997 |pmid=9394774 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Ulcers are believed to be caused by stress and dietary factors. Treatment focuses on hospitalization, bed rest, and prescription of special bland foods. Later, gastric acid is blamed for ulcer disease. Antacids and medications that block acid production become the standard of therapy. Despite this treatment, there is a high recurrence of ulcers.  
:*Regimen 1: [[Omeprazole]] + [[Clarithromycin]]
:*Regimen 2: [[Ranitidine]]-[[Bismuth]]-[[Citrate]] + [[Clarithromycin]]
 
:*Regimen 3: [[Bismuth subsalicylate]] + [[Metronidazole]] + [[Tetracycline]] + an [[H2 receptor antagonist]]
*In 1999, the MACH 2 study states that culture is an accurate way to diagnose H.pylori infection.<ref name="pmid89554">{{cite journal |vauthors=McMahon MJ, Pickford IR |title=Biochemical prediction of gallstones early in an attack of acute pancreatitis |journal=Lancet |volume=2 |issue=8142 |pages=541–3 |year=1979 |pmid=89554 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
===1994===
*The association between H.pylori infection and [[gastric cancer]] is found in 2001.<ref name="UemuraOkamoto2001">{{cite journal|last1=Uemura|first1=Naomi|last2=Okamoto|first2=Shiro|last3=Yamamoto|first3=Soichiro|last4=Matsumura|first4=Nobutoshi|last5=Yamaguchi|first5=Shuji|last6=Yamakido|first6=Michio|last7=Taniyama|first7=Kiyomi|last8=Sasaki|first8=Naomi|last9=Schlemper|first9=Ronald J.|title=Helicobacter pyloriInfection and the Development of Gastric Cancer|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=345|issue=11|year=2001|pages=784–789|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa001999}}</ref>
A National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference concludes that there is a strong association between H. pylori and ulcer disease, and recommends that ulcer patients with H. pylori infection be treated with antibiotics.  
*In 2002, The Maastricht 2 Consensus Report states that a 'test-to-treat' approach is recommended in adult patients under the age of 45 years.<ref name="pmid11860399">{{cite journal |vauthors=Malfertheiner P, Mégraud F, O'Morain C, Hungin AP, Jones R, Axon A, Graham DY, Tytgat G |title=Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection--the Maastricht 2-2000 Consensus Report |journal=Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=167–80 |year=2002 |pmid=11860399 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*In 2005, Barry Marshall and Robin Warren won Nobel prize in [[physiology]] or medicine for their "discovery of bacterium ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'' and and its role in [[gastritis]] and [[peptic ulcer disease]]".<ref name="pmid3982345">{{cite journal| author=Marshall BJ, Armstrong JA, McGechie DB, Glancy RJ| title=Attempt to fulfil Koch's postulates for pyloric Campylobacter. | journal=Med J Aust | year= 1985 | volume= 142 | issue= 8 | pages= 436-9 | pmid=3982345 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3982345  }} </ref>
===1995===
Data show that about 75 percent of ulcer patients are still treated primarily with antisecretory medications, and only 5 percent receive antibiotic therapy. Consumer research by the American Digestive Health Foundation finds that nearly 90 percent of ulcer sufferers are unaware that H. pylori causes ulcers. In fact, nearly 90 percent of those with ulcers blame their ulcers on stress or worry, and 60 percent point to diet.  
===1996===
The Food and Drug Administration approves the first antibiotic for treatment of ulcer disease.  
===1997===
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), with other government agencies, academic institutions, and industry, launches a national education campaign to inform health care providers and consumers about the link between H. pylori and ulcers. This campaign reinforces the news that ulcers are a curable infection, and the fact that health can be greatly improved and money saved by disseminating information about H. pylori. Medical researchers sequence the H. pylori genome. This discovery can help scientists better understand the bacterium and design more effective drugs to fight it.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
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Latest revision as of 15:54, 20 January 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

The association between helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcers was made by Barry Marshall and Robin Warren in the year 1984 for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize in 2005 in physiology or medicine.

Historical Perspective

  • In 1999, the MACH 2 study states that culture is an accurate way to diagnose H.pylori infection.[9]
  • The association between H.pylori infection and gastric cancer is found in 2001.[7]
  • In 2002, The Maastricht 2 Consensus Report states that a 'test-to-treat' approach is recommended in adult patients under the age of 45 years.[10]
  • In 2005, Barry Marshall and Robin Warren won Nobel prize in physiology or medicine for their "discovery of bacterium Helicobacter pylori and and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease".[4]

References

  1. ↑ Fock KM, Graham DY, Malfertheiner P (2013). "Helicobacter pylori research: historical insights and future directions". Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 10 (8): 495–500. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2013.96. PMC 3973742. PMID 23752823.
  2. ↑ Kusters JG, van Vliet AH, Kuipers EJ (2006). "Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection". Clin Microbiol Rev. 19 (3): 449–90. doi:10.1128/CMR.00054-05. PMC 1539101. PMID 16847081.
  3. ↑ "Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis". Lancet. 1 (8336): 1273–5. 1983. PMID 6134060.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Marshall BJ, Armstrong JA, McGechie DB, Glancy RJ (1985). "Attempt to fulfil Koch's postulates for pyloric Campylobacter". Med J Aust. 142 (8): 436–9. PMID 3982345.
  5. ↑ "NIH Consensus Conference. Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcer Disease". JAMA. 272 (1): 65–9. 1994. PMID 8007082.
  6. ↑ Tanida N, Sakagami T, Sawada Y, Shimoyama T (1997). "[Critical review on the WHO/IARC report regarding carcinogenicity of Helicobacter pylori]". Nippon Rinsho (in Japanese). 55 (4): 995–1002. PMID 9103907.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Uemura, Naomi; Okamoto, Shiro; Yamamoto, Soichiro; Matsumura, Nobutoshi; Yamaguchi, Shuji; Yamakido, Michio; Taniyama, Kiyomi; Sasaki, Naomi; Schlemper, Ronald J. (2001). "Helicobacter pyloriInfection and the Development of Gastric Cancer". New England Journal of Medicine. 345 (11): 784–789. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa001999. ISSN 0028-4793.
  8. ↑ Hopkins RJ (1997). "Current FDA-approved treatments for Helicobacter pylori and the FDA approval process". Gastroenterology. 113 (6 Suppl): S126–30. PMID 9394774.
  9. ↑ McMahon MJ, Pickford IR (1979). "Biochemical prediction of gallstones early in an attack of acute pancreatitis". Lancet. 2 (8142): 541–3. PMID 89554.
  10. ↑ Malfertheiner P, Mégraud F, O'Morain C, Hungin AP, Jones R, Axon A, Graham DY, Tytgat G (2002). "Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection--the Maastricht 2-2000 Consensus Report". Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 16 (2): 167–80. PMID 11860399.
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