Epididymoorchitis laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
In patients with epididymoorchitis, laboratory investigations include a [[urinalysis]], [[urine]] [[ | In patients with epididymoorchitis, laboratory investigations include a [[urinalysis]], [[urine culture]], as well as [[urethral]] [[Gram stain]] and [[PCR]] testing for ''[[N. gonorrhea]]'' and ''[[C. trachomatis]]''. | ||
==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
Laboratory investigations are done to help locate the source of the original infection and direct the treatment accordingly. In patients with epididymoorchitis, the following investigations may be done:<ref name="pmid19378875">{{cite journal |vauthors=Trojian TH, Lishnak TS, Heiman D |title=Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=79 |issue=7 |pages=583–7 |year=2009 |pmid=19378875 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | Laboratory investigations are done to help locate the source of the original infection and direct the treatment accordingly. In patients with epididymoorchitis, the following investigations may be done:<ref name="pmid19378875">{{cite journal |vauthors=Trojian TH, Lishnak TS, Heiman D |title=Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=79 |issue=7 |pages=583–7 |year=2009 |pmid=19378875 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Urethral]] [[Gram stain]] | *[[Urethral]] [[Gram stain]], [[gentian violet]] and [[methylene blue]]: >WBCs per oil immersion field; presence of WBC-containing intracellular gram-negative or purple diplococci.<ref name="pmid34292926">{{cite journal| author=Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, Johnston CM, Muzny CA, Park I | display-authors=etal| title=Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. | journal=MMWR Recomm Rep | year= 2021 | volume= 70 | issue= 4 | pages= 1-187 | pmid=34292926 | doi=10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1 | pmc=8344968 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=34292926 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Urinalysis]] | *[[Urinalysis]] - positive [[leukocyte esterase]] test on first-void urine.<ref name="pmid34292926">{{cite journal| author=Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, Johnston CM, Muzny CA, Park I | display-authors=etal| title=Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. | journal=MMWR Recomm Rep | year= 2021 | volume= 70 | issue= 4 | pages= 1-187 | pmid=34292926 | doi=10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1 | pmc=8344968 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=34292926 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Urine culture]] | *[[Urine culture]] | ||
*[[PCR]] to detect the presence of ''Neisseria | *[[PCR]] ([[NAAT]]) to detect the presence of ''[[Neisseria gonorrheae]]'' and ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]'' - urine specimen is perferred.<ref name="pmid34292926">{{cite journal| author=Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, Johnston CM, Muzny CA, Park I | display-authors=etal| title=Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. | journal=MMWR Recomm Rep | year= 2021 | volume= 70 | issue= 4 | pages= 1-187 | pmid=34292926 | doi=10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1 | pmc=8344968 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=34292926 }} </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Urology]] | |||
Latest revision as of 03:34, 1 September 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]
Overview
In patients with epididymoorchitis, laboratory investigations include a urinalysis, urine culture, as well as urethral Gram stain and PCR testing for N. gonorrhea and C. trachomatis.
Laboratory Findings
Laboratory investigations are done to help locate the source of the original infection and direct the treatment accordingly. In patients with epididymoorchitis, the following investigations may be done:[1]
- Urethral Gram stain, gentian violet and methylene blue: >WBCs per oil immersion field; presence of WBC-containing intracellular gram-negative or purple diplococci.[2]
- Urinalysis - positive leukocyte esterase test on first-void urine.[2]
- Urine culture
- PCR (NAAT) to detect the presence of Neisseria gonorrheae and Chlamydia trachomatis - urine specimen is perferred.[2]
References
- ↑ Trojian TH, Lishnak TS, Heiman D (2009). "Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview". Am Fam Physician. 79 (7): 583–7. PMID 19378875.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, Johnston CM, Muzny CA, Park I; et al. (2021). "Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021". MMWR Recomm Rep. 70 (4): 1–187. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1. PMC 8344968 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 34292926 Check|pmid=value (help).