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__NOTOC__
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{{Stress cardiomyopathy}}
{{Stress cardiomyopathy}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{DN}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
The true incidence and prevalence of stress cardiomyopathy is unknown. However, this disease most commonly affects post-[[menopausal]] women, with the mean age of diagnosis ranging between 58-75 years.
== Epidemiology==
== Epidemiology==


The exact incidence is unknown, but it is estimated that apical ballooning syndrome may account for 1-2% of patients who present with an [[acute myocardial infarction]]. The cardiomyopathy appears to occur almost exclusively in post-menopausal women, although a few cases have been reported in younger women and males.<ref name=Azzarelli-2006>{{cite journal | author=Azzarelli S, Galassi AR, Amico F, Giacoppo M, Argentino V, Tomasello SD, Tamburino C, Fiscella A. | title=Clinical features of transient left ventricular apical ballooning | journal=Am J Cardiol. | year=2006 | volume=98 | issue=9 | pages=1273-6 | id=PMID 17056345}}</ref>
===Incidence===
In one of the largest series of 256 patients, <ref>Eitel I, von Knobelsdorff-Brekenhoff F, Bernhardt P, et al. Clinical characteristics and CV magnetic resonance findings in stress (Takotsubo) cardiomyopathy. JAMA 2011; 306:277-286.</ref> [[menopause|post-menopausal]] women made up 81% of enrolled patients, while 8% were younger women, and 11% were men.
*The true incidence of stress cardiomyopathy is unknown and is thought to be underestimated, because there is a number of sub-clinical and milder forms of the disease, which do not come to clinical attention.<ref name="pmid21401402">{{cite journal |vauthors=Omerovic E |title=How to think about stress-induced cardiomyopathy?--Think "out of the box"! |journal=Scand. Cardiovasc. J. |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=67–71 |year=2011 |pmid=21401402 |doi=10.3109/14017431.2011.565794 |url=}}</ref> However, approximately 1-2% of patients thought to have acute coronary syndrome or myocardial infarction at initial presentation eventually receive the diagnosis of stress cardiomyopathy instead.<ref name="pmid18294473">{{cite journal |vauthors=Prasad A, Lerman A, Rihal CS |title=Apical ballooning syndrome (Tako-Tsubo or stress cardiomyopathy): a mimic of acute myocardial infarction |journal=Am. Heart J. |volume=155 |issue=3 |pages=408–17 |year=2008 |pmid=18294473 |doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2007.11.008 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16477771">{{cite journal |vauthors=Elian D, Osherov A, Matetzky S, Hod H, Guetta V, Feinberg MS, Di Segni E |title=Left ventricular apical ballooning: not an uncommon variant of acute myocardial infarction in women |journal=Clin Cardiol |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=9–12 |year=2006 |pmid=16477771 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16923457">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pillière R, Mansencal N, Digne F, Lacombe P, Joseph T, Dubourg O |title=Prevalence of tako-tsubo syndrome in a large urban agglomeration |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=98 |issue=5 |pages=662–5 |year=2006 |pmid=16923457 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.03.048 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17223415">{{cite journal |vauthors=Parodi G, Del Pace S, Carrabba N, Salvadori C, Memisha G, Simonetti I, Antoniucci D, Gensini GF |title=Incidence, clinical findings, and outcome of women with left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=99 |issue=2 |pages=182–5 |year=2007 |pmid=17223415 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.07.080 |url=}}</ref>
*In the United States, the overall incidence of stress cardiomyopathy is estimated at 5.2 per 100,000 cases in women and 0.6 per 100,000 cases in men.<ref name="pmid24656530">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chou AY, Saw J |title=Basis for sex-specific expression of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, cardiac syndrome X, and spontaneous coronary artery dissection |journal=Can J Cardiol |volume=30 |issue=7 |pages=738–46 |year=2014 |pmid=24656530 |doi=10.1016/j.cjca.2013.12.008 |url=}}</ref>


===Incidence===
===Prevalence===
===Prevalence===
* The prevalence of stress cardiomyopathy is unknown.


==Demographics==
==Demographics==


===Age===
===Age===
* Stress cardiomyopathy occurs mostly in older people, mostly in [[Postmenopausal|post-menopausal]] women.<ref name="pmid18294473">{{cite journal |vauthors=Prasad A, Lerman A, Rihal CS |title=Apical ballooning syndrome (Tako-Tsubo or stress cardiomyopathy): a mimic of acute myocardial infarction |journal=Am. Heart J. |volume=155 |issue=3 |pages=408–17 |year=2008 |pmid=18294473 |doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2007.11.008 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19106400">{{cite journal |vauthors=Akashi YJ, Goldstein DS, Barbaro G, Ueyama T |title=Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a new form of acute, reversible heart failure |journal=Circulation |volume=118 |issue=25 |pages=2754–62 |year=2008 |pmid=19106400 |pmc=4893309 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.767012 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15276100">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bybee KA, Prasad A, Barsness GW, Lerman A, Jaffe AS, Murphy JG, Wright RS, Rihal CS |title=Clinical characteristics and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame counts in women with transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=94 |issue=3 |pages=343–6 |year=2004 |pmid=15276100 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.04.030 |url=}}</ref>
* The mean age of diagnosis ranges between 58 to 75 years old, with less than 3% of patients being younger than 50 years old at presentation.<ref name="pmid18294473">{{cite journal |vauthors=Prasad A, Lerman A, Rihal CS |title=Apical ballooning syndrome (Tako-Tsubo or stress cardiomyopathy): a mimic of acute myocardial infarction |journal=Am. Heart J. |volume=155 |issue=3 |pages=408–17 |year=2008 |pmid=18294473 |doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2007.11.008 |url=}}</ref>
===Gender===
===Gender===
Stress cardiomyopathy is more common in women.<ref name="pmid21401402">{{cite journal |vauthors=Omerovic E |title=How to think about stress-induced cardiomyopathy?--Think "out of the box"! |journal=Scand. Cardiovasc. J. |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=67–71 |year=2011 |pmid=21401402 |doi=10.3109/14017431.2011.565794 |url=}}</ref>
Stress cardiomyopathy is much more common in women, with female patients accounting for 80-100% of patients.<ref name="pmid19106400">{{cite journal |vauthors=Akashi YJ, Goldstein DS, Barbaro G, Ueyama T |title=Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a new form of acute, reversible heart failure |journal=Circulation |volume=118 |issue=25 |pages=2754–62 |year=2008 |pmid=19106400 |pmc=4893309 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.767012 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26332547">{{cite journal |vauthors=Templin C, Ghadri JR, Diekmann J, Napp LC, Bataiosu DR, Jaguszewski M, Cammann VL, Sarcon A, Geyer V, Neumann CA, Seifert B, Hellermann J, Schwyzer M, Eisenhardt K, Jenewein J, Franke J, Katus HA, Burgdorf C, Schunkert H, Moeller C, Thiele H, Bauersachs J, Tschöpe C, Schultheiss HP, Laney CA, Rajan L, Michels G, Pfister R, Ukena C, Böhm M, Erbel R, Cuneo A, Kuck KH, Jacobshagen C, Hasenfuss G, Karakas M, Koenig W, Rottbauer W, Said SM, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Cuculi F, Banning A, Fischer TA, Vasankari T, Airaksinen KE, Fijalkowski M, Rynkiewicz A, Pawlak M, Opolski G, Dworakowski R, MacCarthy P, Kaiser C, Osswald S, Galiuto L, Crea F, Dichtl W, Franz WM, Empen K, Felix SB, Delmas C, Lairez O, Erne P, Bax JJ, Ford I, Ruschitzka F, Prasad A, Lüscher TF |title=Clinical Features and Outcomes of Takotsubo (Stress) Cardiomyopathy |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=373 |issue=10 |pages=929–38 |year=2015 |pmid=26332547 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1406761 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21401402">{{cite journal |vauthors=Omerovic E |title=How to think about stress-induced cardiomyopathy?--Think "out of the box"! |journal=Scand. Cardiovasc. J. |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=67–71 |year=2011 |pmid=21401402 |doi=10.3109/14017431.2011.565794 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18294473">{{cite journal |vauthors=Prasad A, Lerman A, Rihal CS |title=Apical ballooning syndrome (Tako-Tsubo or stress cardiomyopathy): a mimic of acute myocardial infarction |journal=Am. Heart J. |volume=155 |issue=3 |pages=408–17 |year=2008 |pmid=18294473 |doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2007.11.008 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15276100">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bybee KA, Prasad A, Barsness GW, Lerman A, Jaffe AS, Murphy JG, Wright RS, Rihal CS |title=Clinical characteristics and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame counts in women with transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=94 |issue=3 |pages=343–6 |year=2004 |pmid=15276100 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.04.030 |url=}}</ref>
 
===Race===


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 18:58, 1 February 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]

Overview

The true incidence and prevalence of stress cardiomyopathy is unknown. However, this disease most commonly affects post-menopausal women, with the mean age of diagnosis ranging between 58-75 years.

Epidemiology

Incidence

  • The true incidence of stress cardiomyopathy is unknown and is thought to be underestimated, because there is a number of sub-clinical and milder forms of the disease, which do not come to clinical attention.[1] However, approximately 1-2% of patients thought to have acute coronary syndrome or myocardial infarction at initial presentation eventually receive the diagnosis of stress cardiomyopathy instead.[2][3][4][5]
  • In the United States, the overall incidence of stress cardiomyopathy is estimated at 5.2 per 100,000 cases in women and 0.6 per 100,000 cases in men.[6]

Prevalence

  • The prevalence of stress cardiomyopathy is unknown.

Demographics

Age

  • Stress cardiomyopathy occurs mostly in older people, mostly in post-menopausal women.[2][7][8]
  • The mean age of diagnosis ranges between 58 to 75 years old, with less than 3% of patients being younger than 50 years old at presentation.[2]

Gender

Stress cardiomyopathy is much more common in women, with female patients accounting for 80-100% of patients.[7][9][1][2][8]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Omerovic E (2011). "How to think about stress-induced cardiomyopathy?--Think "out of the box"!". Scand. Cardiovasc. J. 45 (2): 67–71. doi:10.3109/14017431.2011.565794. PMID 21401402.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Prasad A, Lerman A, Rihal CS (2008). "Apical ballooning syndrome (Tako-Tsubo or stress cardiomyopathy): a mimic of acute myocardial infarction". Am. Heart J. 155 (3): 408–17. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.11.008. PMID 18294473.
  3. Elian D, Osherov A, Matetzky S, Hod H, Guetta V, Feinberg MS, Di Segni E (2006). "Left ventricular apical ballooning: not an uncommon variant of acute myocardial infarction in women". Clin Cardiol. 29 (1): 9–12. PMID 16477771.
  4. Pillière R, Mansencal N, Digne F, Lacombe P, Joseph T, Dubourg O (2006). "Prevalence of tako-tsubo syndrome in a large urban agglomeration". Am. J. Cardiol. 98 (5): 662–5. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.03.048. PMID 16923457.
  5. Parodi G, Del Pace S, Carrabba N, Salvadori C, Memisha G, Simonetti I, Antoniucci D, Gensini GF (2007). "Incidence, clinical findings, and outcome of women with left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome". Am. J. Cardiol. 99 (2): 182–5. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.07.080. PMID 17223415.
  6. Chou AY, Saw J (2014). "Basis for sex-specific expression of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, cardiac syndrome X, and spontaneous coronary artery dissection". Can J Cardiol. 30 (7): 738–46. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2013.12.008. PMID 24656530.
  7. 7.0 7.1 Akashi YJ, Goldstein DS, Barbaro G, Ueyama T (2008). "Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a new form of acute, reversible heart failure". Circulation. 118 (25): 2754–62. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.767012. PMC 4893309. PMID 19106400.
  8. 8.0 8.1 Bybee KA, Prasad A, Barsness GW, Lerman A, Jaffe AS, Murphy JG, Wright RS, Rihal CS (2004). "Clinical characteristics and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame counts in women with transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome". Am. J. Cardiol. 94 (3): 343–6. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.04.030. PMID 15276100.
  9. Templin C, Ghadri JR, Diekmann J, Napp LC, Bataiosu DR, Jaguszewski M, Cammann VL, Sarcon A, Geyer V, Neumann CA, Seifert B, Hellermann J, Schwyzer M, Eisenhardt K, Jenewein J, Franke J, Katus HA, Burgdorf C, Schunkert H, Moeller C, Thiele H, Bauersachs J, Tschöpe C, Schultheiss HP, Laney CA, Rajan L, Michels G, Pfister R, Ukena C, Böhm M, Erbel R, Cuneo A, Kuck KH, Jacobshagen C, Hasenfuss G, Karakas M, Koenig W, Rottbauer W, Said SM, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Cuculi F, Banning A, Fischer TA, Vasankari T, Airaksinen KE, Fijalkowski M, Rynkiewicz A, Pawlak M, Opolski G, Dworakowski R, MacCarthy P, Kaiser C, Osswald S, Galiuto L, Crea F, Dichtl W, Franz WM, Empen K, Felix SB, Delmas C, Lairez O, Erne P, Bax JJ, Ford I, Ruschitzka F, Prasad A, Lüscher TF (2015). "Clinical Features and Outcomes of Takotsubo (Stress) Cardiomyopathy". N. Engl. J. Med. 373 (10): 929–38. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1406761. PMID 26332547.

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