Brucellosis physical examination: Difference between revisions
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[[Blood pressure]]- Normal | [[Blood pressure]]- Normal | ||
[[Respiratory rate]]-Normal/[[tachypnea]](pneumonia/lung involvement) | [[Respiratory rate]]-Normal/[[tachypnea]] ([[pneumonia]]/[[lung]] involvement) | ||
[[Oxygen saturation]]- usually normal but some cases may have low oxygen saturation(lung involvement). | [[Oxygen saturation]]- usually normal but some cases may have low oxygen saturation (lung involvement). | ||
[[Blood glucose|Blood glucose level]]- normal | [[Blood glucose|Blood glucose level]]- normal | ||
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|Skin examination may be normal or reveal the following: | |Skin examination may be normal or reveal the following: | ||
*[[Maculopapular rash]] | *[[Maculopapular rash]] | ||
*[[Erythema nodosum]] like eruptions and ulceration | *[[Erythema nodosum]] like eruptions and [[ulceration]] | ||
*[[Abscesses]] | *[[Abscesses]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|HEENT | |HEENT | ||
|Eye examination is usually normal but signs of [[ | |Eye examination is usually normal but signs of [[uveitis]] may be present in few patients | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Neck | |Neck | ||
|Neck examination is usually normal but cervical [[lymphadenopathy]] may be present in few patients | |Neck examination is usually normal but [[cervical]] [[lymphadenopathy]] may be present in few patients | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Lungs]] | |[[Lungs]] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[[Heart]] | |[[Heart]] | ||
|Heart examination may reveal [[murmurs]] on | |Heart examination may reveal [[murmurs]] on auscultation ([[endocarditis]]) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Abdomen]] | |[[Abdomen]] | ||
| Line 64: | Line 64: | ||
|[[Genitourinary]] | |[[Genitourinary]] | ||
|[[Genitourinary]] examination may reveal: | |[[Genitourinary]] examination may reveal: | ||
*Inguinal [[lymphadenopathy]] | *[[Inguinal]] [[lymphadenopathy]] | ||
*Positive [[Prehn's sign]] | *Positive [[Prehn's sign]] | ||
**May be present in [[epididymitis]] | **May be present in [[epididymitis]] | ||
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|[[Extremities]] | |[[Extremities]] | ||
| | | | ||
*Examination of [[ | *Examination of [[knee]], [[hips]], [[Ankle|ankles]] and [[Wrist|wrists]] may reveal: | ||
**Fluid around a joint | **[[Fluid]] around a [[joint]] | ||
**Warm, red, tender joints | **Warm, red, tender joints | ||
**Difficulty moving a joint (called "limited range of motion") | **Difficulty moving a [[joint]] (called "limited range of motion") | ||
**May be present in peripheral [[arthritis]] | **May be present in peripheral [[arthritis]] | ||
* | *Palpation of [[Sacroiliac joint|sacroiliac]] [[joints]] may reveal pain indicating [[sacroiliitis]] | ||
*Positive [[Schober's test]](indicative of spondylitis) | *Positive [[Schober's test]](indicative of [[spondylitis]]) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Neuromuscular]] | |[[Neuromuscular]] | ||
| | | | ||
* Meningial signs of irritation [[Nuchal rigidity]], [[Kernig's sign]] | * Meningial signs of [[irritation]] [[Nuchal rigidity]], [[Kernig's sign]] and [[Brudzinski's sign]] can be ilicited in cases with neurological involvement ([[meningitis]] or [[meningoencephalitis]]). | ||
* Signs of neuropathies involving individual pheripheral nerve or cranial nerve can be ilicited | * Signs of [[Neuropathy|neuropathies]] involving individual pheripheral nerve or [[cranial nerve]] can be ilicited | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="2" |*Commonly observed | | colspan="2" |*Commonly observed | ||
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{{reflist|2}}__NOTOC__ | {{reflist|2}}__NOTOC__ | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
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[[Category:Hepatology]] | |||
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[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
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Latest revision as of 20:45, 29 July 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Danitza Lukac Vishal Devarkonda, M.B.B.S[3]
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Brucellosis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Brucellosis physical examination On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Brucellosis physical examination |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Brucellosis physical examination |
Overview
Patients with brucellosis are usually well-appearing. Physical examination usually reveal combination of several non-specific findings.
Physical Examination
Patients with brucellosis are usually well-appearing. Physical examination usually reveal combination of several non-specific findings, which include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
| Examination findings | Brucellosis physical examination |
|---|---|
| Appearance of patient | Patients are usually well-appearing |
| Vital Signs | Pulse rate-Normal/Tachycardia with regular rhythm, normal volume
Temperature- Normal or elevated Blood pressure- Normal Respiratory rate-Normal/tachypnea (pneumonia/lung involvement) Oxygen saturation- usually normal but some cases may have low oxygen saturation (lung involvement). Blood glucose level- normal |
| Skin | Skin examination may be normal or reveal the following:
|
| HEENT | Eye examination is usually normal but signs of uveitis may be present in few patients |
| Neck | Neck examination is usually normal but cervical lymphadenopathy may be present in few patients |
| Lungs | Brucellosis involving lung, may reveal multiple findings depending on the kind of involvement(it could be pneumonia, bronchitis, pleural effusion or empyema or combination of these). Based on the involvement, lung examination may reveal:
|
| Heart | Heart examination may reveal murmurs on auscultation (endocarditis) |
| Abdomen | Abdominal examination may elicit: |
| Back | Back examination is usually normal |
| Genitourinary | Genitourinary examination may reveal:
|
| Extremities |
|
| Neuromuscular |
|
| *Commonly observed | |
Reference
- ↑ Brucellosis "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 9th, 2017
- ↑ Colmenero JD, Reguera JM, Martos F, Sánchez-De-Mora D, Delgado M, Causse M; et al. (1996). "Complications associated with Brucella melitensis infection: a study of 530 cases.". Medicine (Baltimore). 75 (4): 195–211. PMID 8699960
- ↑ Mantur BG, Amarnath SK, Shinde RS (2007). "Review of clinical and laboratory features of human brucellosis.". Indian J Med Microbiol. 25 (3): 188–202. PMID 17901634
- ↑ Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E (2005). "Brucellosis.". N Engl J Med. 352 (22): 2325–36. PMID 15930423.
- ↑ Dean AS, Crump L, Greter H, Hattendorf J, Schelling E, Zinsstag J (2012). "Clinical manifestations of human brucellosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis". PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 6 (12): e1929. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001929. PMC 3516581. PMID 23236528.
- ↑ Young EJ (1995). "Brucellosis: current epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.". Curr Clin Top Infect Dis. 15: 115–28. PMID 7546364
- ↑ Aygen B, Doganay M, Sumerkan B, et al. Clinical manifestations, complications and treatment of brucellosis: a retrospective evaluation of 480 patients. Med Malad Infect 2002; 32:485.
- ↑ Zamani A, Kooraki S, Mohazab RA, Zamani N, Matloob R, Hayatbakhsh MR; et al. (2011). "Epidemiological and clinical features of Brucella arthritis in 24 children". Ann Saudi Med. 31 (3): 270–3. doi:10.4103/0256-4947.81543. PMC 3119967. PMID 21623056.
- ↑ Mousa AM, Bahar RH, Araj GF, Koshy TS, Muhtaseb SA, al-Mudallal DS; et al. (1990). "Neurological complications of brucella spondylitis.". Acta Neurol Scand. 81 (1): 16–23. PMID 2330811
- ↑ Pappas G, Bosilkovski M, Akritidis N, Mastora M, Krteva L, Tsianos E (2003). "Brucellosis and the respiratory system.". Clin Infect Dis. 37 (7): e95–9. PMID 13130417. doi:10.1086/378125
- ↑ Herrick JA, Lederman RJ, Sullivan B, et al. Brucella arteritis: clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis. Lancet Infect Dis 2014; 14:520.
- ↑ Ariza J, Bosilkovski M, Cascio A, Colmenero JD, Corbel MJ, Falagas ME; et al. (2007). "Perspectives for the treatment of brucellosis in the 21st century: the Ioannina recommendations". PLoS Med. 4 (12): e317. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040317. PMC 2222927. PMID 18162038.