Sandbox:UT: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:49, 7 March 2018

Wikidoc Internal Medicine Texbook
Subject	Endocrinology		Gastroenterology		Rheumatology		Pulmonology		Nephrology		Hematology		Total
Number of Microchapters	Total	Left	Total	Left	Total	Left	Total	Left	Total	Left	Total	Left	Total
Number of Microchapters	71	39	96	89	54	47	58	46	59	64	51	47	332
Projected Microchapters	50		111		59		59		80		59		418
Days Projected If one chapter takes 10 days/fellow Number of fellows = 15 15 chapters are completed in 10 days	35 days		75 days		40 days		40 days		55 days		40 days		280 days
Review Processing Time (days)	14		14		14		14		14		14		84 days
Expected Time for each Chapter (days)	49		89		54		54		69		54		364 days
Expected Time line	October 2017, 1st week		January 2018,1st week		February 2018, 4th week		April 2018, 3rd week		July 2018, 1st week		August 2018, 4th week

Wikidoc Other Textbooks
Subject	Psychiatry		Neurology		Peds/Developmental		Dermatology		ObGyn		Ophthalmology		Nutrition		Total
Number of Microchapters	Total	Left	Total	Left	Total	Left	Total	Left	Total	Left	Total	Left	Total	Left	Total
Number of Microchapters	36	36	77	71	49	49	18	14	33	27	18	17	17	15	229
Projected Microchapters	45		89		60		17		35		21		19		286
Days projected If one chapter takes 10 days/fellow Number of fellows = 15 15 chapters are completed in 10 days	30 days		60 days		40 days		14 days		21 days		16 days		15 days		196 days
Review Processing Time (days)	14		14		14		14		14		14		14		98 days
Expected Time for each Chapter (days)	44		74		54		28		35		30		29		294 days
Expected Time Line	October 2018, 3rd week		January 2019, 1st week		March 2019, 1st week		April 2019, 1st week		May 2019, 2nd week		June 2019, 2nd week		July 2019, 2nd week

Viral Hepatitis

Other

• EBV hepatitis
• CMV hepatitis
• HSV hepatitis
• Coxsackie B virus hepatitis

Non-infectious Hepatitis

Alcoholic hepatitis

a-1 antitrypsin defieciency

Autoimmune hepatitis

Obstructive hepatitis

Drug related hepatitis

Toxin related hepatitis

Ischemic hepatitis

•Gall stone
•Tumor

•Isoniazid
•NSAIDs
•Beta-lactam antibiotics
•Sulfa-containing drugs
•HAART

Chemicals

Chest Pain

Classification

Differentials on the basis of Etiology	Disease	Clinical manifestations										Diagnosis
		Symptoms								Risk factors	Physical exam	Lab Findings	EKG	Imaging	Gold standard
		Onset	Duration	Quality of Pain	Cough	Fever	Dyspnea	Weight loss	Associated Features	Risk factors	Physical exam	Lab Findings	EKG	Imaging	Gold standard
	Stable Angina^[1]	Sudden (acute)	2-10 minutes	Heaviness/pressure/ tightness/squeezing/ burning (Levine's sign) Retrosternal or left sided chest pain	-	-	+/-	-	Nausea and vomiting Diaphoresis	Dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, family history of premature disease, and diabetes	Transient third heart sound (S3 - ventricular filling sound) and fourth heart sound (S4 - atrial filling sound)	Cardiac enzymes normal	Exercise EKG: ST-segment depression	Exercise Stress Testing: Decreased myocardial perfusion Transthoracic echocardiography: Ejection fraction <50 percent	Coronary angiography
	Unstable Angina^[2]^[3]^[4]	Acute	10-20 minutes	Same as stable angina but often more severe	-	-	+	-	Nausea and vomiting Diaphoresis Presyncope Palpitations	Dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, family history of premature disease, and diabetes	Reverse splitting of the second heart sound Rales or crackles Elevated jugular venous pressure	Cardiac biomarkers [Cardiac troponin I, cardiac troponin T and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB)] normal	ST-depression New T wave inversions Transient ST-elevation	Echocardiography: Ejection fraction <50 percent Exercise Stress Testing: Decreased myocardial perfusion	Invasive coronary angiography
	Myocardial Infarction^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]	Acute	Commonly > 20 minutes	Same as stable angina but often more severe	-	-	+	-	Nausea and vomiting Diaphoresis Presyncope Palpitations Lateral displacement of the apical impulse	Dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, family history of premature disease, and diabetes	Hypotension Tachycardia S4 gallop Paradoxical splitting of S2 Mitral regurgitation murmur	Elevated cardiac enzymes ↑B-Type Natriuretic Peptide	ST elevation MI (STEMI) Non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI) or Non Q wave	Echocardiography: ↓ EF CCTA: Coronory artery stenosis CMRI: Coronory vessels stenosis MPI on SPECT or PET scanning: Decreased myocardial perfusion.	CCTA combined with MPI
Cardiac	Vasospastic/ Prinzmetal/ Variant Angina^[9]^[10]	Gradual in onset and offset	Episodic, gradual in onset and offset.	Chest discomfort described as squeezing, tightness, pressure, constriction, strangling, burning, heart burn, fullness in the chest, a band-like sensation, knot in the center of the chest, lump in the throat, ache, and heavy weight on chest	-	-	+	-	Nausea, sweating, dizziness, dyspnea, and palpitations Associated with other vasospastic disorders, such as Raynaud's phenomenon and migraine headache	Multiple drugs (ephedrine-based products, cocaine, marijuana, alcohol, butane, sumatriptan, and amphetamines) Food-born botulism Guide wire or balloon dilatation while doing PCI Magnesium deficiency	Tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, and a gallop rhythm	Urine drug screen may be positive for cocaine or other drugs	Transient (less than 15 minutes) ischemic ST changes in multiple leads A tall and broad R wave, Disappearance of the S wave A taller T wave Negative U waves	Stress testing: normal noninvasive stress test, exercise-induced spasm with ST-segment elevation, Stress echocardiography with ergonovine provocation: Vasospasm of coronory vessels Coronary arteriography: Epicardial spasm	Coronary arteriography

UTI

Uppper

Lower

Pyelonephritis

Cystitis

Prostatitis

Uretheritis

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

Pyelonephritis

Etiology

Pathogen

Duration and Treatment

Acute Bacterial*Chronic bacterial*Inflammatory chronic*Non-inflammatory chronic*Asymptomatic

Non-infectious

Infectious

*Traumatic cystitis*Interstitial Cystitis*Eosinophilic cystitis*Hemorrhagic cystitis*Foreign body cystitis*Cystitis cystica*Emphysematous cystitis*Cystitis glandularis

*Bacteria*Fungi*Viruses*Parasites

*Acute uncomplicated cystitis*Complicated cystitis*Recurrent/Chronic Cystitis

*urinary crystals*Chemicals*Stevens-Johnson syndrome*Spermicides

Code to Fix Refereneces

Journal Reference

Raas-Rothschild A, Spiegel R (2010 Jan 28). "Mucolipidosis III Gamma". GeneReviews®. PMID 20301784. Check date values in: |access-date=, |date= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)

Book Reference

^[11]

Pathology image reference/website

^[12]

Radiopedia Image reference

^[13]

Color codes for table

Image copying

Image copying with text

Table for D/D of cystitis

Diseases	Urinalysis	Urine Culture	Gold Standard	Fever	Suprapubic Tenderness	Discharge	Inguinal Lymphadenopathy	Hematuria	Pyuria	Frequency	Urgency	Dysuria	Past medical history	Other Findings
Diseases	Diagnostic tests			Physical Examination				Symptoms					Past medical history	Other Findings
Cystitis	Nitrite +ve Leukocyte estrase+ve WBCs RBCs	>100,000CFU/mL	Urinary culture	✔	✔	-	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	Recent catheterisation Pregnancy recent intercourse Diabetes Personal or Family History of UTI Known abnormality of the urinary tract BPH or HIV	Imaging studies help differentiate the type May company back pain, nausea, vomiting and chills
Urethritis	Positive leukocyte esterase test or >10 WBCs Mucous threads in the morning urine	-	Gram stain Mucoid or purulent discharge	✔	-	Urethral discharge	✔	-	✔	-	-	✔	Prior STDs Urinary tract infections New sexual partner Recent intercourse Recent catheterisation	Tachycardia, diaphoresis, hypertension, tremors, mydriasis, positional nystagmus, tachypnea
Bacterial Vulvovagintis	-	-	Gram Stain	✔	-	Vaginal discharge	✔						Number and type of sexual partners (new, casual, or regular) Prior STDs Previous history of symptomatic BV in female partner (in homosexual women)	Fishy odor from the vagina (Whiff test) Thin, white/gray homogeneous vaginal discharge Microscopy (wet prep) and vaginal pH Clue cells
Cervicitis	-	-	culture for gonococcal cervicitis	✔	-	endocervical exudate		-	✔	-	-	✔	Abnormal vaginal bleeding after intercourse or after menopause Abnormal vaginal discharge Painful sexual intercourse Pressure or heaviness in the pelvis	1-a purulent or mucopurulent endocervical exudate 2-Sustained endocervical bleeding easily induced by a cotton swab 3->10 WBC in vaginal fluid, in the absence of trichomoniasis, may indicate endocervical inflammation caused specifically by C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhea
Prostatitis	10-20 leukocytes for acute and chronic bacterial subtypes	Identifies causative bacteria (in bacterial subtypes)	Urine Culture	✔	-	-		-	✔	✔	✔	✔	Urogenital disorders Recent catheterization or other genitourinary instrumentation History of UTIs	In acute prostatitis, palpation reveals a tender and enlarged prostate^[1][3] In chronic prostatitis, palpation reveals a tender and soft (boggy) prostate^[1] A prostate massage should never be done in a patient with suspected acute prostatitis, since it may induce sepsis
Epididymitis	Hematuria may be seen	✔	Culture	✔	✔	+/- urethral discharge	✔	✔	-	✔	✔	✔	Scrotal pain: starts gradually, is usually unilateral and localized posterior to the testis Scrotal swelling Scrotal wall erythema Constitutional symptoms: feeling of hotness, chills, nausea and vomiting	*Ultrasound in patients with acute testicular pain to assess for testicular torsion If equivocal do surgical exploration
Syphilis (STD)	-	-	Darkfield Microscopy	+/-	-	-	✔	-	-	-	-	-	History of STD HIV Immunosupression Previous history of chancre	May be asymptomatic Painless chancre in primary syphilis Secondary syphilis may have generalised features and condylomata late Tertiary syphilis can have neurosyphilis, cardiovascular syphilis and gummas
BPH	Recommended Hematuria may be seen	-	DRE + Serum PSA	-	-	-		✔	-	✔	✔	✔	Sudden inability to urinate Urinary tract infections Urinary stones Damage to the kidneys Blood in the urine	Involves mainly central or transitional zone Hyperplasia rather than hypertrophy Obstruction of the urethra Nocturia
Neoplasms	Recomended Hematuria may be seen	-	Imaging and biopsy	+-	-		✔	✔	-	✔	✔	-	Sudden inability to urinate Recurrent urinary tract infections Weight loss and other constitutional symptoms	Cachexia Gradual progression
Pyelonephritis	Leukocytes Nitrite +ve	Identifies causative bacteria	Imaging and culture	✔	✔ + Flank Pain	✔	✔	✔	✔			✔	History of Pyelonephritis Recent history of Hospitalisation Nephrolithiasis Immunosupression	Costovertebral angle tenderness Patient is in acute distress Look for obstructive causes

References

↑ Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, Berra K, Blankenship JC, Dallas AP, Douglas PS, Foody JM, Gerber TC, Hinderliter AL, King SB, Kligfield PD, Krumholz HM, Kwong RY, Lim MJ, Linderbaum JA, Mack MJ, Munger MA, Prager RL, Sabik JF, Shaw LJ, Sikkema JD, Smith CR, Smith SC, Spertus JA, Williams SV, Anderson JL (December 2012). "2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons". Circulation. 126 (25): e354–471. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e318277d6a0. PMID 23166211.
↑ Tatum JL, Jesse RL, Kontos MC, Nicholson CS, Schmidt KL, Roberts CS, Ornato JP (January 1997). "Comprehensive strategy for the evaluation and triage of the chest pain patient". Ann Emerg Med. 29 (1): 116–25. PMID 8998090.
↑ Ornato JP (August 1999). "Chest pain emergency centers: improving acute myocardial infarction care". Clin Cardiol. 22 (8 Suppl): IV3–9. PMID 10492848.
↑ Gibler WB (August 1995). "Evaluation of chest pain in the emergency department". Ann. Intern. Med. 123 (4): 315, author reply 317–8. PMID 7611601.
↑ Svavarsdóttir AE, Jónasson MR, Gudmundsson GH, Fjeldsted K (June 1996). "Chest pain in family practice. Diagnosis and long-term outcome in a community setting". Can Fam Physician. 42: 1122–8. PMC 2146490. PMID 8704488.
↑ Klinkman MS, Stevens D, Gorenflo DW (April 1994). "Episodes of care for chest pain: a preliminary report from MIRNET. Michigan Research Network". J Fam Pract. 38 (4): 345–52. PMID 8163958.
↑ Bösner S, Becker A, Haasenritter J, Abu Hani M, Keller H, Sönnichsen AC, Karatolios K, Schaefer JR, Seitz G, Baum E, Donner-Banzhoff N (2009). "Chest pain in primary care: epidemiology and pre-work-up probabilities". Eur J Gen Pract. 15 (3): 141–6. doi:10.3109/13814780903329528. PMID 19883149.
↑ Ebell MH (March 2011). "Evaluation of chest pain in primary care patients". Am Fam Physician. 83 (5): 603–5. PMID 21391528.
↑ PRINZMETAL M, KENNAMER R, MERLISS R, WADA T, BOR N (September 1959). "Angina pectoris. I. A variant form of angina pectoris; preliminary report". Am. J. Med. 27: 375–88. PMID 14434946.
↑ Kaski JC, Crea F, Meran D, Rodriguez L, Araujo L, Chierchia S, Davies G, Maseri A (December 1986). "Local coronary supersensitivity to diverse vasoconstrictive stimuli in patients with variant angina". Circulation. 74 (6): 1255–65. PMID 3779913.
↑ Braunwald, Eugene. Heart Disease- Fourth Edition. Harvard Medical School: W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY. p. 1137. ISBN 0-7216-3097-9.
↑ Libre Pathology https://librepathology.org/wiki/File:Cystitis_cystica_et_glandularis_-_alt_--_intermed_mag.jpg Accessed on Jan 13, 2017
↑ Radiopaedia.org. Case courtesy of Dr David Little. From the case <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/cases/39307">rID: 39307

[pmid23166211-1] Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, Berra K, Blankenship JC, Dallas AP, Douglas PS, Foody JM, Gerber TC, Hinderliter AL, King SB, Kligfield PD, Krumholz HM, Kwong RY, Lim MJ, Linderbaum JA, Mack MJ, Munger MA, Prager RL, Sabik JF, Shaw LJ, Sikkema JD, Smith CR, Smith SC, Spertus JA, Williams SV, Anderson JL (December 2012). "2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons". Circulation. 126 (25): e354–471. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e318277d6a0. PMID 23166211.

[pmid8998090-2] Tatum JL, Jesse RL, Kontos MC, Nicholson CS, Schmidt KL, Roberts CS, Ornato JP (January 1997). "Comprehensive strategy for the evaluation and triage of the chest pain patient". Ann Emerg Med. 29 (1): 116–25. PMID 8998090.

[pmid10492848-3] Ornato JP (August 1999). "Chest pain emergency centers: improving acute myocardial infarction care". Clin Cardiol. 22 (8 Suppl): IV3–9. PMID 10492848.

[pmid7611601-4] Gibler WB (August 1995). "Evaluation of chest pain in the emergency department". Ann. Intern. Med. 123 (4): 315, author reply 317–8. PMID 7611601.

[pmid8704488-5] Svavarsdóttir AE, Jónasson MR, Gudmundsson GH, Fjeldsted K (June 1996). "Chest pain in family practice. Diagnosis and long-term outcome in a community setting". Can Fam Physician. 42: 1122–8. PMC 2146490. PMID 8704488.

[pmid8163958-6] Klinkman MS, Stevens D, Gorenflo DW (April 1994). "Episodes of care for chest pain: a preliminary report from MIRNET. Michigan Research Network". J Fam Pract. 38 (4): 345–52. PMID 8163958.

[pmid19883149-7] Bösner S, Becker A, Haasenritter J, Abu Hani M, Keller H, Sönnichsen AC, Karatolios K, Schaefer JR, Seitz G, Baum E, Donner-Banzhoff N (2009). "Chest pain in primary care: epidemiology and pre-work-up probabilities". Eur J Gen Pract. 15 (3): 141–6. doi:10.3109/13814780903329528. PMID 19883149.

[pmid21391528-8] Ebell MH (March 2011). "Evaluation of chest pain in primary care patients". Am Fam Physician. 83 (5): 603–5. PMID 21391528.

[pmid14434946-9] PRINZMETAL M, KENNAMER R, MERLISS R, WADA T, BOR N (September 1959). "Angina pectoris. I. A variant form of angina pectoris; preliminary report". Am. J. Med. 27: 375–88. PMID 14434946.

[pmid3779913-10] Kaski JC, Crea F, Meran D, Rodriguez L, Araujo L, Chierchia S, Davies G, Maseri A (December 1986). "Local coronary supersensitivity to diverse vasoconstrictive stimuli in patients with variant angina". Circulation. 74 (6): 1255–65. PMID 3779913.

[Heart_Disease-11] Braunwald, Eugene. Heart Disease- Fourth Edition. Harvard Medical School: W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY. p. 1137. ISBN 0-7216-3097-9.

[Libre1_Pathology-12] Libre Pathology https://librepathology.org/wiki/File:Cystitis_cystica_et_glandularis_-_alt_--_intermed_mag.jpg Accessed on Jan 13, 2017

[https://radiopaedia.org/-13] Radiopaedia.org. Case courtesy of Dr David Little. From the case <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/cases/39307">rID: 39307

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{| class="wikitable"
+! colspan="14" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Wikidoc Internal Medicine Texbook
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Subject
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Endocrinology
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Gastroenterology
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Rheumatology
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Pulmonology
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Nephrology
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Hematology
+! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Total
+|-
+| rowspan="2" |'''Number of Microchapters'''
+|'''Total'''
+|'''Left'''
+|'''Total'''
+|'''Left'''
+|'''Total'''
+|'''Left'''
+|'''Total'''
+|'''Left'''
+|'''Total'''
+|'''Left'''
+|'''Total'''
+|'''Left'''
+|-
+|71
+|'''39'''
+|96
+|'''89'''
+|54
+|'''47'''
+|58
+|'''46'''
+|59
+|'''64'''
+|51
+|'''47'''
+|'''332'''
+|-
+|'''Projected Microchapters'''
+| colspan="2" |50
+| colspan="2" |111
+| colspan="2" |59
+| colspan="2" |59
+| colspan="2" |80
+| colspan="2" |59
+|418
+|-
+|'''Days Projected'''
+* If one chapter takes 10 days/fellow
+* Number of fellows = 15
+* 15 chapters are completed in 10 days
+| colspan="2" |35 days
+| colspan="2" |75 days
+| colspan="2" |40 days
+| colspan="2" |40 days
+| colspan="2" |55 days
+| colspan="2" |40 days
+|280 days
+|-
+|'''Review Processing Time (days)'''
+| colspan="2" |14
+| colspan="2" |14
+| colspan="2" |14
+| colspan="2" |14
+| colspan="2" |14
+| colspan="2" |14
+|84 days
+|-
+|'''Expected Time for each Chapter (days)'''
+| colspan="2" |49
+| colspan="2" |89
+| colspan="2" |54
+| colspan="2" |54
+| colspan="2" |69
+| colspan="2" |54
+|364 days
+|-
+|'''Expected Time line'''
+| colspan="2" |October 2017, 1st week
+| colspan="2" |January 2018,1st week
+| colspan="2" |February 2018, 4th week
+| colspan="2" |April 2018, 3rd week
+| colspan="2" |July 2018, 1st week
+| colspan="3" |'''August 2018,  4th week'''
+|}
+{| class="wikitable"
+! colspan="16" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Wikidoc Other Textbooks
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Subject
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Psychiatry
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Neurology
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Peds/Developmental
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Dermatology
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |ObGyn
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Ophthalmology
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Nutrition
+! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Total
+|-
+| rowspan="2" |'''Number of Microchapters'''
+|'''Total'''
+|'''Left'''
+|'''Total'''
+|'''Left'''
+|'''Total'''
+|'''Left'''
+|'''Total'''
+|'''Left'''
+|'''Total'''
+|'''Left'''
+|'''Total'''
+|'''Left'''
+|Total
+|Left
+|-
+|36
+|'''36'''
+|77
+|'''71'''
+|49
+|'''49'''
+|18
+|'''14'''
+|33
+|'''27'''
+|18
+|'''17'''
+|17
+|'''15'''
+|'''229'''
+|-
+|'''Projected Microchapters'''
+| colspan="2" |45
+| colspan="2" |89
+| colspan="2" |60
+| colspan="2" |17
+| colspan="2" |35
+| colspan="2" |21
+| colspan="2" |19
+|286
+|-
+|'''Days projected'''
+* If one chapter takes 10 days/fellow
+* Number of fellows = 15
+* 15 chapters are completed in 10 days
+| colspan="2" |30 days
+| colspan="2" |60 days
+| colspan="2" |40 days
+| colspan="2" |14 days
+| colspan="2" |21 days
+| colspan="2" |16 days
+| colspan="2" |15 days
+|196 days
+|-
+|'''Review Processing Time (days)'''
+| colspan="2" |14
+| colspan="2" |14
+| colspan="2" |14
+| colspan="2" |14
+| colspan="2" |14
+| colspan="2" |14
+| colspan="2" |14
+|98 days
+|-
+|'''Expected Time for each Chapter (days)'''
+| colspan="2" |44
+| colspan="2" |74
+| colspan="2" |54
+| colspan="2" |28
+| colspan="2" |35
+| colspan="2" |30
+| colspan="2" |29
+|294 days
+|-
+|'''Expected Time Line'''
+| colspan="2" |October 2018, 3rd week
+| colspan="2" |January 2019, 1st week
+| colspan="2" |March 2019, 1st week
+| colspan="2" |April 2019, 1st week
+| colspan="2" |May 2019, 2nd week
+| colspan="2" |June 2019, 2nd week
+| colspan="3" |'''July 2019, 2nd week'''
+|}
+{{familytree/start}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | |A01='''Viral Hepatitis'''}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
+{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | }}
+{{familytree | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| }}
+{{familytree | D01 | |D02| | D03 | | D04 | |D05| | D06 | | D07 | |D08| | |D01=[[Hepatitis A]]|D02=[[Hepatitis B]]|D03=[[Hepatitis C]]|D04=[[Hepatitis D]]|D05=[[Hepatitis E]]|D06=[[Hepatitis F]]|D07=[[Hepatitis G]]|D08=Other}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
+{{familytree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | E01 |E01= • [[Mononucleosis natural history#Complications|EBV hepatitis]]<br>• [[Cytomegalovirus infection natural history, complications and prognosis#Complications|CMV hepatitis]] <br>• [[Herpes simplex natural history, complications and prognosis#Complications|HSV hepatitis]] <br>• [[Coxsackie virus#Classification|Coxsackie B virus hepatitis]] <br>}}
+{{familytree/end}}
 __NOTOC__
-==code to fix refereneces==
-<br style="clear:both" />
+{{familytree/start}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | |A01='''Non-infectious Hepatitis'''}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
+{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | }}
+{{familytree | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| }}
+{{familytree | D01 | | | | | D03 | | D04 | |D05| | D06 | | D07 | |D08| | |D01=[[Alcoholic hepatitis]]|D02=[[Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis]] ([[NASH]])|D03=[[a-1 antitrypsin defieciency]]|D04=[[Autoimmune hepatitis]]|D05=Obstructive hepatitis|D06=Drug related hepatitis|D07=Toxin related hepatitis|D08=Ischemic hepatitis}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | | }}
+{{familytree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | E01 | | E02 | | E03 | | | | | |E01=•[[Gall stone]] <br>•Tumor|E02= •[[Isoniazid]]<br>•[[NSAIDs]]<br>•Beta-lactam antibiotics<br>•Sulfa-containing drugs<br>•[[HAART]]|E03=Chemicals}}
+{{familytree/end}}
+==Chest Pain==
+{|
+|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
+! rowspan="3" |Differentials on the basis of Etiology
+! rowspan="3" |Disease
+! colspan="10" |Clinical manifestations
+! colspan="4" |Diagnosis
+|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
+! colspan="8" |Symptoms
+! rowspan="2" |Risk factors
+! rowspan="2" |Physical exam
+! rowspan="2" |Lab Findings
+! rowspan="2" |EKG
+! rowspan="2" |Imaging
+! rowspan="2" |Gold standard
+|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
+!Onset
+!Duration
+!Quality of Pain
+!Cough
+!Fever
+!Dyspnea
+!Weight loss
+!Associated Features
+|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
+|
+!'''[[Stable Angina]]'''<ref name="pmid23166211">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, Berra K, Blankenship JC, Dallas AP, Douglas PS, Foody JM, Gerber TC, Hinderliter AL, King SB, Kligfield PD, Krumholz HM, Kwong RY, Lim MJ, Linderbaum JA, Mack MJ, Munger MA, Prager RL, Sabik JF, Shaw LJ, Sikkema JD, Smith CR, Smith SC, Spertus JA, Williams SV, Anderson JL |title=2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons |journal=Circulation |volume=126 |issue=25 |pages=e354–471 |date=December 2012 |pmid=23166211 |doi=10.1161/CIR.0b013e318277d6a0 |url=}}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Sudden (acute)
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |2-10 minutes
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Heaviness/pressure/ tightness/squeezing/ burning ([[Levine's sign]])
+*Retrosternal  or left sided chest pain
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +/-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Nausea and vomiting|Nausea]] and [[vomiting]]
+*[[Diaphoresis]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking,  family history of premature disease, and diabetes
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Transient [[third heart sound]] [[S3|(S3]] - [[Ventricular|ventricular filling sound]]) and [[fourth heart sound]] ([[S4]] - [[atrial]] filling sound)
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Cardiac enzymes normal
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Exercise EKG: ST-segment depression
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Exercise Stress Testing: Decreased myocardial perfusion
+*Transthoracic echocardiography: Ejection fraction <50 percent
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Coronary angiography
+|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
+|
+|'''[[Unstable Angina]]'''<ref name="pmid8998090">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tatum JL, Jesse RL, Kontos MC, Nicholson CS, Schmidt KL, Roberts CS, Ornato JP |title=Comprehensive strategy for the evaluation and triage of the chest pain patient |journal=Ann Emerg Med |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=116–25 |date=January 1997 |pmid=8998090 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10492848">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ornato JP |title=Chest pain emergency centers: improving acute myocardial infarction care |journal=Clin Cardiol |volume=22 |issue=8 Suppl |pages=IV3–9 |date=August 1999 |pmid=10492848 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7611601">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gibler WB |title=Evaluation of chest pain in the emergency department |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=123 |issue=4 |pages=315; author reply 317–8 |date=August 1995 |pmid=7611601 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Acute
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |10-20 minutes
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Same as stable angina but often more severe
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Nausea and vomiting]]
+*[[Diaphoresis]]
+*[[Presyncope]]
+*[[Palpitation|Palpitations]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking,  family history of premature disease, and diabetes
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Reverse [[Splitting of S2|splitting]] of the [[second heart sound]]
+*[[Rales/Crackles|Rales or crackles]]
+*[[Elevated jugular venous pressure]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Cardiac Biomarkers|Cardiac biomarkers [Cardiac troponin I, cardiac troponin T]] and [[CK MB|<nowiki>MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB)]</nowiki>]] normal
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*ST-depression
+*New T wave inversions
+*Transient ST-elevation
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Echocardiography: Ejection fraction <50 percent
+*Exercise Stress Testing: Decreased myocardial perfusion
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Invasive coronary angiography
+|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
+|
+|'''[[Myocardial Infarction]]'''<ref name="pmid8704488">{{cite journal |vauthors=Svavarsdóttir AE, Jónasson MR, Gudmundsson GH, Fjeldsted K |title=Chest pain in family practice. Diagnosis and long-term outcome in a community setting |journal=Can Fam Physician |volume=42 |issue= |pages=1122–8 |date=June 1996 |pmid=8704488 |pmc=2146490 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8163958">{{cite journal |vauthors=Klinkman MS, Stevens D, Gorenflo DW |title=Episodes of care for chest pain: a preliminary report from MIRNET. Michigan Research Network |journal=J Fam Pract |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=345–52 |date=April 1994 |pmid=8163958 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19883149">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bösner S, Becker A, Haasenritter J, Abu Hani M, Keller H, Sönnichsen AC, Karatolios K, Schaefer JR, Seitz G, Baum E, Donner-Banzhoff N |title=Chest pain in primary care: epidemiology and pre-work-up probabilities |journal=Eur J Gen Pract |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=141–6 |date= 2009 |pmid=19883149 |doi=10.3109/13814780903329528 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21391528">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ebell MH |title=Evaluation of chest pain in primary care patients |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=83 |issue=5 |pages=603–5 |date=March 2011 |pmid=21391528 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Acute
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Commonly > 20 minutes
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Same as stable angina but often more severe
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*[[Nausea and vomiting]]
+*[[Diaphoresis]]
+*[[Presyncope]]
+*[[Palpitation|Palpitations]]
+*[[Lateral]] [[displacement]] of the [[apical impulse]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking,  family history of premature disease, and diabetes
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Hypotension
+* Tachycardia
+*[[S4]] [[Gallop rhythm|gallop]]
+*[[Paradoxical splitting of S2]]
+*[[Mitral regurgitation]] [[Heart murmur|murmur]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Elevated [[cardiac enzymes]]
+*↑[[Brain natriuretic peptide|B-Type Natriuretic Peptide]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*ST elevation MI (STEMI)
+*Non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI) or Non Q wave
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*Echocardiography: ↓ EF
+*CCTA: Coronory artery stenosis
+*CMRI: Coronory vessels stenosis
+*MPI on SPECT or PET scanning: Decreased myocardial perfusion.
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+*CCTA combined with MPI
+|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
+! rowspan="9" |Cardiac
+|Vasospastic/ Prinzmetal/ Variant Angina<ref name="pmid14434946">{{cite journal |vauthors=PRINZMETAL M, KENNAMER R, MERLISS R, WADA T, BOR N |title=Angina pectoris. I. A variant form of angina pectoris; preliminary report |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=27 |issue= |pages=375–88 |date=September 1959 |pmid=14434946 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3779913">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaski JC, Crea F, Meran D, Rodriguez L, Araujo L, Chierchia S, Davies G, Maseri A |title=Local coronary supersensitivity to diverse vasoconstrictive stimuli in patients with variant angina |journal=Circulation |volume=74 |issue=6 |pages=1255–65 |date=December 1986 |pmid=3779913 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Gradual in onset and offset
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Episodic, gradual in onset and offset.
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Chest discomfort described as squeezing, tightness, pressure, constriction, strangling, burning, heart burn, fullness in the chest, a band-like sensation, knot in the center of the chest, lump in the throat, ache, and heavy weight on chest
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Nausea, sweating, dizziness, dyspnea, and palpitations
+* Associated with other vasospastic disorders, such as Raynaud's phenomenon and migraine headache
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Multiple drugs (ephedrine-based products, cocaine, marijuana, alcohol, butane, sumatriptan, and amphetamines)
+* Food-born botulism
+* Guide wire or balloon dilatation while doing PCI
+* Magnesium deficiency
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, and a gallop rhythm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Urine drug screen may be positive for cocaine or other drugs
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Transient (less than 15 minutes) ischemic ST changes in multiple leads
+* A tall and broad R wave,
+* Disappearance of the S wave
+* A taller T wave
+* Negative U waves
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Stress testing: normal noninvasive stress test, exercise-induced spasm with ST-segment elevation,
+* Stress echocardiography with ergonovine provocation: Vasospasm of coronory vessels
+* Coronary arteriography: Epicardial spasm
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Coronary arteriography
+|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
 ==Classification==
@@ Line 19: / Line 383: @@
 {{familytree/end}}
-==Overview UTI==
+=='''Code to Fix Refereneces'''==
-A urinary tract infection is an infection that involves any part of the [[urinary tract]]. It can result due to the invasion by a bacteria, virus, fungus or any other pathogen. The most common cause of a [[urinary tract infection]] is a bacterial [[infection]]. Various factors are associated with the risk of developing a urinary tract infection. A common cause of the [[urinary tract infection]] in hospital settings is the urinary catheter placement.
+<br style="clear:both" />
-Depending on the site of the infection a [[UTI]] can be classified as either upper or lower [[UTI]]. [[UTI|Lower UTI]] includes [[urethritis]], [[prostatitis]], [[asymptomatic bacteriuria]] and [[cystitis]] (bladder infection) where as [[UTI|Upper UTI]] may include Pyelonephritis (infection of the kidney) and rarely uretritis (infection of the ureters). Each subtype of [[urinary tract infection]] can also be sub classified on the basis of [[duration]], [[etiology]] or therapeutic approach as [[acute]], [[chronic]] or [[recurrent]] and as [[uncomplicated]] or [[complicated]] infections.
-The urine is normally sterile, a urinary tract infection occurs when the normally sterile [[urinary tract]] is infected by [[bacteria]], which leads to irritation and [[inflammation]]. Females are more prone to the development of [[UTI]]s because of their relatively shorter [[urethra]]. [[Pyelonephritis]] and [[Cystitis]] result mostly from ascending infections from the urethra ([[Urethritis]]) but can also result from descending infections i.e hematogenous spread, or by the [[lymphatic system]]. The condition more often affects women, but can affect either gender and all age groups. Bacteria does not have to travel as far to enter the [[bladder]], which is in part due to the relatively short distance between the opening of the [[urethra]] and the [[anus]]. The pathogenesis of a complicated [[UTI]] may include obstruction and stasis of urine flow.<ref name="pmid10969044">{{cite journal| author=Hooton TM| title=Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: an update. | journal=J Antimicrob Chemother | year= 2000 | volume= 46 Suppl A | issue=  | pages= 1-7 | pmid=10969044 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10969044  }} </ref> ''[[escherichia coli]] ("E. coli")'', a bacterium found in the lower gastrointestinal tract is one of the most common culprits. [[Diabetes]], [[Crohn's disease]], iatrogenic causes, [[endometriosis]], [[pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[urinary obstruction]], and [[bladder incontinence]] are some other risk factors for acquiring a [[UTI]]. An important aspect in the management of [[UTI]]s is that the individual infection must be differentiated from various causes of [[dysuria]] such as [[cystitis]], [[acute pyelonephritis]], [[urethritis]], [[prostatitis]], [[vulvovaginitis]], [[urethral stricture]]s or diverticula, [[benign prostatic hyperplasia]] and [[neoplasm]]s such as [[renal cell carcinoma]] and cancers of the bladder, prostate, and penis.<ref name="pmid11989635">{{cite journal| author=Bremnor JD, Sadovsky R| title=Evaluation of dysuria in adults. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2002 | volume= 65 | issue= 8 | pages= 1589-96 | pmid=11989635 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11989635  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9606306">{{cite journal| author=Kurowski K| title=The woman with dysuria. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 1998 | volume= 57 | issue= 9 | pages= 2155-64, 2169-70 | pmid=9606306 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9606306  }} </ref>
-A recent challenge in combating [[UTI]]s is the fact that the pathogens are developing resistance to various antibiotics very fast.<ref name="pmid15206056">{{cite journal| author=Hooton TM, Besser R, Foxman B, Fritsche TR, Nicolle LE| title=Acute uncomplicated cystitis in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance: a proposed approach to empirical therapy. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 39 | issue= 1 | pages= 75-80 | pmid=15206056 | doi=10.1086/422145 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15206056  }} </ref> A large proportion of patients with acute uncomplicated urinary infections will recover without treatment within a few days or weeks. If left untreated, some patients may progress to develop recurrent infection, [[cystitis]], [[pyelonephritis]], [[hematuria]], and rarely [[renal failure]]. [[Prognosis]] is generally good for lower [[UTI]]s. The majority of patients with cystitis do not have recurrence or complications after treatment.<ref name=nid>Urinary Tract Infections in Adults. NIDDK 2016. http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/urologic-disease/urinary-tract-infections-in-adults/Pages/facts.aspx. Accessed on February 9, 2016</ref> A detailed and thorough medical history from the patient is necessary. Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include use of urinary catheters,  [[pregnancy]], sexual history, [[diabetes]], recent antibiotic use, history of renal disease, [[urinary incontinence]], and [[urinary retention]]. Symptoms of cystitis include abnormal urine color (cloudy), blood in the urine, [[frequent urination]] or [[urgent need to urinate]], painful urination, pressure in the lower pelvis or back, [[flank pain]], [[back pain]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], and [[chills]].<ref name=hhh> Cystitis-acute. MedlinePlus.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000526.htm Accessed on February 9, 2016</ref> Patients with an uncomplicated [[UTI]] are usually well-appearing. A thorough physical exam is very helpful in differentiating Upper from Lower [[UTI]]]s and to diagnose exactly within these categories too. Common physical examination findings of cystitis include [[fever]] and suprapubic tenderness where as pyelonephritis also has flank tenderness and chills.<ref name="pmid22010614">{{cite journal| author=Colgan R, Williams M| title=Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2011 | volume= 84 | issue= 7 | pages= 771-6 | pmid=22010614 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22010614  }} </ref> Laboratory tests used in the diagnosis of a [[UTI]] include [[urinalysis]] and [[urine culture]]. Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of a [[UTI]] include pyuria and either [[white blood cell]]s (WBCs) or [[red blood cells]] (RBCs) on urinalysis and a positive urine culture. Leukocyte esterase test and nitrite test are very important in this regard. Antimicrobial therapy is indicated in case of a symptomatic [[UTI]].  The treatment of a [[UTI]] depends on the type of the disease, the disease course (acute uncomplicated vs. complicated), history of the individual and the rates of [[Drug resistance|resistance]] in the community. Preventative measures to avoid a [[UTI]] include abstinence from sexual activity, use of barrier contraception during sexual intercourse, urinating after intercourse, increasing fluid intake and frequency of urination, and use of [[estrogen]] (among [[Postmenopausal|post-menopausal]] women). Single-dose [[prophylactic]] antimicrobial therapy prior to sexual intercourse may be administered to patients who have recurrent episodes of cystitis that are associated with sexual activity.
-==Epidemiology==
-*Worldwide, the [[prevalence]] of community associated [[UTI]] is 7000 per 100,000 persons.<ref name="pmid26694621">{{cite journal| author=Tandogdu Z, Wagenlehner FM| title=Global epidemiology of urinary tract infections. | journal=Curr Opin Infect Dis | year= 2016 | volume= 29 | issue= 1 | pages= 73-9 | pmid=26694621 | doi=10.1097/QCO.0000000000000228 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26694621  }} </ref>
-*The [[prevalence]] of hospital associated UTI is 129, 196 and 24000 per 100,000 persons in the United States, Europe and developing countries, respectively.<ref name="pmid26694621">{{cite journal| author=Tandogdu Z, Wagenlehner FM| title=Global epidemiology of urinary tract infections. | journal=Curr Opin Infect Dis | year= 2016 | volume= 29 | issue= 1 | pages= 73-9 | pmid=26694621 | doi=10.1097/QCO.0000000000000228 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26694621  }} </ref>
-*The annual [[incidence]] of urinary tract infection in women is 1200 per 100,000 persons.
-*The incidence of asymptomatic   bacteriuria in pregnant women is 5900 per 100,000 persons.<ref name="pmid2583335">{{cite journal| author=Golan A, Wexler S, Amit A, Gordon D, David MP| title=Asymptomatic bacteriuria in normal and high-risk pregnancy. | journal=Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol | year= 1989 | volume= 33 | issue= 2 | pages= 101-8 | pmid=2583335 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2583335  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18826482">{{cite journal| author=Schnarr J, Smaill F| title=Asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary tract infections in pregnancy. | journal=Eur J Clin Invest | year= 2008 | volume= 38 Suppl 2 | issue=  | pages= 50-7 | pmid=18826482 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.02009.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18826482  }} </ref>
-*The incidence of [[cystitis]] and [[pyelonephritis]] in pregnant woman having asymptomatic [[bacteriuria]] is 3300 and 66000 per 100,000 persons.<ref>Czaja, Christopher A., et al. "Population-based epidemiologic analysis of acute pyelonephritis." Clinical Infectious Diseases 45.3 (2007): 273-280.</ref>
-*The incidence of recurrence of urinary tract infection in young healthy women is 25000 per 100,000 persons and there is increase in the recurrent rates with every subsequent infection.<ref name="pmid22417256">{{cite journal| author=Hooton TM| title=Clinical practice. Uncomplicated urinary tract infection. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2012 | volume= 366 | issue= 11 | pages= 1028-37 | pmid=22417256 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1104429 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22417256  }} </ref>
-*The incidence of pyelonephritis among healthy women is 120 and 30-40 per 100,000 persons in the outpatient and inpatient setting respectively.<ref>Czaja, Christopher A., et al. "Population-based epidemiologic analysis of acute pyelonephritis." Clinical Infectious Diseases 45.3 (2007): 273-280.</ref>
-*The incidence of pyelonephritis in male population is 20 and 10 cases per 100,000 persons in the outpatient and inpatient setting respectively.<ref>Czaja, Christopher A., et al. "Population-based epidemiologic analysis of acute pyelonephritis." Clinical Infectious Diseases 45.3 (2007): 273-280.</ref>
-*The incidence of UTI is higher in sexually active women than postmenopausal women.<ref>Jackson, Sara L., et al. "Predictors of urinary tract infection after menopause: a prospective study." The American journal of medicine 117.12 (2004): 903-911.</ref><ref name="pmid22417256">{{cite journal| author=Hooton TM| title=Clinical practice. Uncomplicated urinary tract infection. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2012 | volume= 366 | issue= 11 | pages= 1028-37 | pmid=22417256 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1104429 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22417256  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8672152">{{cite journal| author=Hooton TM, Scholes D, Hughes JP, Winter C, Roberts PL, Stapleton AE et al.| title=A prospective study of risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infection in young women. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1996 | volume= 335 | issue= 7 | pages= 468-74 | pmid=8672152 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199608153350703 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8672152  }} </ref>
-*There is high incidence of urinary tract infection in immunocompromised, elderly, diabetic, and individuals with indwelling catheters.<ref>Nicolle, Lindsay E., et al. "Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults." Clinical Infectious Diseases (2005): 643-654.</ref><ref name="pmid21404794">{{cite journal| author=Woodford HJ, George J| title=Diagnosis and management of urinary infections in older people. | journal=Clin Med (Lond) | year= 2011 | volume= 11 | issue= 1 | pages= 80-3 | pmid=21404794 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21404794  }} </ref>
 ==Journal Reference==
@@ Line 47: / Line 393: @@
 ==Pathology image reference/website==
-<ref name= "Libre1 Pathology"> Libre Pathology https://librepathology.org/wiki/File:Cystitis_cystica_et_glandularis_-_alt_--_intermed_mag.jpg Accessed on Jan 13, 2017 </ref>
+<ref name="Libre1 Pathology">Libre Pathology https://librepathology.org/wiki/File:Cystitis_cystica_et_glandularis_-_alt_--_intermed_mag.jpg Accessed on Jan 13, 2017 </ref>
 ==Radiopedia Image reference==
 <ref name="https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org. Case courtesy of Dr David Little. From the case <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/cases/39307">rID: 39307</ref>
+==Color codes for table==
+'''BLUE: '''|align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |
+'''GRAY: '''|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +<br>
+'''KHAKI:'''|style="background: #F0E68C; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +<br>
+'''PALE TORQOUI...''':|style="background: #AFEEEE; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -<br>
+'''Brown:'''|style="background: #A52A2A; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +<br>
 ==Image copying==
@@ Line 64: / Line 418: @@
 {|
-|-style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
+|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
 ! rowspan="2" |<small>Diseases</small>
 ! colspan="3" |<small>Diagnostic tests</small>
@@ Line 86: / Line 440: @@
 |-
 | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | Cystitis
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |*Nitrite +ve
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |*Nitrite +ve
 <nowiki>*</nowiki>Leukocyte estrase+ve
@@ Line 92: / Line 446: @@
 <nowiki>*</nowiki>RBCs
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center"|>100,000CFU/mL
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |>100,000CFU/mL
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Urinary culture
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
 *Recent catheterisation
 *[[Pregnancy]]
@@ Line 111: / Line 465: @@
 *Known abnormality of the urinary tract
 *[[BPH]] or [[HIV]]
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
 * Imaging studies help differentiate the type
 * May company back pain, nausea, vomiting and chills
 |-
-|style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Urethritis
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Urethritis
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |*Positive leukocyte esterase test or >10 WBCs
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |*Positive leukocyte esterase test or >10 WBCs
 <nowiki>*</nowiki>Mucous threads in the morning urine
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |*Gram stain
 <nowiki>*</nowiki>Mucoid or purulent discharge
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;text-align:center" | Urethral discharge
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
 :* Prior [[STD]]s
 :* [[Urinary tract infection|Urinary tract infections]]
@@ Line 138: / Line 492: @@
 :* Recent intercourse
 :* Recent catheterisation
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Tachycardia, diaphoresis, hypertension, tremors, mydriasis, positional nystagmus, tachypnea
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Tachycardia, diaphoresis, hypertension, tremors, mydriasis, positional nystagmus, tachypnea
 |-
 | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | Bacterial Vulvovagintis
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Gram Stain
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;text-align:center" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;text-align:center" | -
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;text-align:center" | Vaginal discharge
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;text-align:center" | Vaginal discharge
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |
@@ Line 165: / Line 519: @@
 |-
-|style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | Cervicitis
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | Cervicitis
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center"| -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center"| -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | culture for [[gonococcal]] cervicitis
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | culture for [[gonococcal]] cervicitis
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center"| ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center"|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |
 endocervical exudate
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center"|-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |
 * Abnormal vaginal bleeding after intercourse or after [[menopause]]
@@ Line 191: / Line 544: @@
 |-
 | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Prostatitis
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | 10-20 leukocytes for acute and chronic bacterial subtypes
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | 10-20 leukocytes for acute and chronic bacterial subtypes
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | Identifies causative bacteria (in bacterial subtypes)
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | Identifies causative bacteria (in bacterial subtypes)
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
 *Urine Culture
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;text-align:center" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;text-align:center" | -
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;text-align:center" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
 * Urogenital disorders
 * Recent [[catheterization]] or other genitourinary instrumentation
 * History of [[UTI|UTIs]]
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
 * In acute prostatitis, palpation reveals a tender and enlarged prostate<sup>[[Prostatitis physical examination|[1][3]]]</sup>
 * In chronic prostatitis, palpation reveals a tender and soft (boggy) prostate<sup>[[Prostatitis physical examination|[1]]]</sup>
 * A prostate massage should never be done in a patient with suspected acute prostatitis, since it may induce [[sepsis]]
 |-
-|style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Epididymitis
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Epididymitis
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | Hematuria may be seen
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | Hematuria may be seen
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | Culture
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;text-align:center" |✔
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +/- urethral discharge
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +/- urethral discharge
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |  ✔
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
@@ Line 235: / Line 588: @@
 *If equivocal do surgical exploration
 |-
-|style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Syphilis (STD)
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Syphilis (STD)
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Darkfield Microscopy
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +/-
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
-|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
 * History of STD
 * HIV
@@ Line 263: / Line 616: @@
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | Recommended
 Hematuria may be seen
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |DRE + Serum PSA
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
@@ Line 289: / Line 642: @@
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | Recomended
 Hematuria may be seen
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Imaging and biopsy
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +-
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;text-align:center" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;text-align:center" |
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ✔
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | ✔
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
 * Sudden inability to [[urinate]]