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==Causes==
==Causes==
===Life-threatening cause===
There is no life-threatening cause of mastitis.
===Most common cause===
The most common cause of mastitis is [[Staphylococcus aureus]]<ref name="pmid24145956">{{cite journal| author=Montague EC, Hilinski J, Andresen D, Cooley A| title=Evaluation and treatment of mastitis in infants. | journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J | year= 2013 | volume= 32 | issue= 11 | pages= 1295-6 | pmid=24145956 | doi=10.1097/INF.0b013e3182a06448 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24145956}}</ref> normally found on the skin.
===Common causes===
Common causes include:
====Pathogenic====
*''[[Staphylococcus epidermidis]]''
* ''[[Streptococcus]]''
* ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]''
* ''[[Mycoplasma]]''.
*[[Fungus|Fungi]], most commonly ''[[Candida (genus)|Candida]]'', that may be found in the oral cavity of the baby.


Mastitis is caused by:  
====Non-pathogenic====
*[[Bacteria]], mostly ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''<ref name="pmid24145956">{{cite journal| author=Montague EC, Hilinski J, Andresen D, Cooley A| title=Evaluation and treatment of mastitis in infants. | journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J | year= 2013 | volume= 32 | issue= 11 | pages= 1295-6 | pmid=24145956 | doi=10.1097/INF.0b013e3182a06448 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24145956}}</ref> normally found on the skin, as well as ''[[Staphylococcus epidermidis]]'', ''[[Streptococcus]]'', ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'', and ''[[Mycoplasma]]''.
*●Tight-fitting brassiere or car seatbelt
*[[Fungus|Fungi]], most commonly species of ''[[Candida (genus)|Candida]]'', that may be found in the oral cavity of the baby.
*●Oveproduction of [[milk]]
*●Infrequent [[breastfeeding]]
*●Maternal stress
*●Maternal [[malnutrition]]
*●Nipple excoriation or cracking
*●Rapid [[weaning]]
 
===Less common causes===
Less common causes include:
* [[Autoimmune]] reaction to [[luminal]] [[fluid]]
 
 
 
===Causes by Organ System===
 
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chloramine|Chloramines in pool water]], [[Recreational drug use|smoking illicit drugs]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[cyst|Vallecular cyst]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Oveproduction of [[milk]], Rapid [[weaning]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Staphylococcus aureus]], [[Staphylococcus epidermidis]], [[Streptococcus]], [[Escherichia coli|E. coli]], [[Fungus|Fungi]], most commonly [[Candida (genus)|Candida]], [[Mycoplasma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Autoimmune]] reaction to [[luminal]] [[fluid]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Nipple]] [[excoriation]] or cracking
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Infrequent [[breastfeeding]], [[Maternal]] [[stress]], Tight-fitting brassiere or car seatbelt
|-
|}
 
 
 
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
*[[Autoimmune]] reaction to [[luminal]] [[fluid]]
*''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]''
*[[Fungus|Fungi]], most commonly ''[[Candida (genus)|Candida]]''
*●Infrequent [[breastfeeding]]
*●[[Maternal]] [[stress]]
*●[[Maternal]] [[malnutrition]]
*''[[Mycoplasma]]''
*●[[Nipple]] [[excoriation]] or cracking
*●Oveproduction of [[milk]]
*●Rapid [[weaning]]
*[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
*''[[Staphylococcus epidermidis]]''
* ''[[Streptococcus]]''
* ●Tight-fitting brassiere or car seatbelt


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{WS}}
{{WH}}


[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]
 
[[Category:Surgery]]
{{WS}}
{{WH}}

Latest revision as of 22:38, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]

Overview

Mastitis is mostly caused by Staphylococcus aureus.[1] Other causes include Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus, E. coli, Mycoplasma and Candida.

Causes

Life-threatening cause

There is no life-threatening cause of mastitis.

Most common cause

The most common cause of mastitis is Staphylococcus aureus[1] normally found on the skin.

Common causes

Common causes include:

Pathogenic

Non-pathogenic

  • ●Tight-fitting brassiere or car seatbelt
  • ●Oveproduction of milk
  • ●Infrequent breastfeeding
  • ●Maternal stress
  • ●Maternal malnutrition
  • ●Nipple excoriation or cracking
  • ●Rapid weaning

Less common causes

Less common causes include:


Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning Chloramines in pool water, smoking illicit drugs
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat Vallecular cyst
Endocrine Oveproduction of milk, Rapid weaning
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes|-
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus, E. coli, Fungi, most commonly Candida, Mycoplasma
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Autoimmune reaction to luminal fluid
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Nipple excoriation or cracking
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Infrequent breastfeeding, Maternal stress, Tight-fitting brassiere or car seatbelt


Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Montague EC, Hilinski J, Andresen D, Cooley A (2013). "Evaluation and treatment of mastitis in infants". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 32 (11): 1295–6. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3182a06448. PMID 24145956.

Template:WS Template:WH

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