Strongyloidiasis: Difference between revisions

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   Name          = Strongyloidiasis |
   Name          = Strongyloidiasis |
   Image          = Strongyloides_-_very_high_mag_-_2.jpg |
   Image          = Strongyloides_-_very_high_mag_-_2.jpg |
   Caption        = [[Micrograph]] showing strongyloidiasis; a fragment of a worm is seen in the lower right hand corner. [[H&E stain]]. |
   Caption        = [[Micrograph]] showing strongyloidiasis; a fragment of a worm is seen in the lower right hand corner. [[H&E stain]]. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AStrongyloides_-_very_high_mag_-_2.jpg |
}}
}}


'''For patient information, click [[Strongyloidiasis (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information, click [[Strongyloidiasis (patient information)|here]]'''
{{Strongyloidiasis}}
{{Strongyloidiasis}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ADG}}


{{SK}} Strongyloides infection
{{SK}} Strongyloides infection, Hyperinfection syndrome, Intestinal strongyloidiasis, Infection by strongylus.


==[[Strongyloidiasis overview|Overview]]==
==[[Strongyloidiasis overview|Overview]]==


==[[Strongyloidiasis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==[[Strongyloidiasis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==[[Strongyloidiasis classification|Classification]]==


==[[Strongyloidiasis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Strongyloidiasis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
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==[[Strongyloidiasis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Strongyloidiasis from other Diseases]]==
==[[Strongyloidiasis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Strongyloidiasis from other Diseases]]==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="7" |Differentiating Strongyloides stercoralis infection from other Nematode infections<ref name="Principles and Practice">Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.</ref><ref name="Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine">{{cite book |last1=Kim |first1=Kami |last2=Weiss |first2=Louis |last3=Tanowitz |first3=Herbert |title=Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine Sixth Edition |publisher=Elsevier |date=2016 |pages=682-698 |chapter=Chapter 39:Parasitic Infections |isbn=978-1-4557-3383-5}}</ref>
|-
|Nematode
|Transmission
|Direct Person-Person Transmission
|Duration of Infection
|Pulmonary Manifestation
|Location of Adult worm(s)
|Treatment
|-
|[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]
|Ingestion of infective ova
|No
|1-2 years
|
* [[Löffler's syndrome]] (usually about 9-12 days after exposure to ova)
* [[Cough]]
* Substernal discomfort
* [[Crackles]]
* [[Wheezing]]
* Transient opacities
|Free in the lumen of the small bowel
(primarily jejunum)
|
* [[Albendazole]]
* [[Mebendazole]]
* [[Pyrantel pamoate]]
* [[Ivermectin]]
* [[Levamisole]]
* [[Piperazine]]
|-
|[[Trichuris trichiura]]
(whipworm)
|Ingestion of infective [[ova]]
|No
|1-3 years
|No pulmonary migration, therefore, no pulmonary manifestation
|Anchored in the superficial mucosa of cecum and colon
|
* [[Albendazole]]
* [[Mebendazole]]
|-
|[[Hookworm]] ([[Necator americanus]] and [[Ancylostoma duodenale]])
|Skin penetration by filariform larvae
|No
|
* 3-5 years (Necator)
* 1 year (Ancylostoma)
|
* [[Löffler's syndrome]]
* Transient opacities
|Attached to the mucosa of mid-upper portion of the [[small bowel]]
|
* [[Albendazole]]
* [[Mebendazole]]
* [[Levamisole]]
* [[Pyrantel pamoate]]
|-
|[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]
|Filariform larvae penetrates skin or bowel mucosa
|Yes
|Lifetime of the host
|
* [[Löffler's syndrome]]
* Chronic [[cough]]
* [[Pneumonia]] or [[sepsis]] in hyperinfection
|Embedded in the mucosa of the [[duodenum]], [[jejunum]]
|
* [[Ivermectin]]
* [[Albendazole]]
* [[Thiabendazole]]
|-
|[[Enterobius vermicularis]] ([[pinworm]])
|Ingestion of infective [[ova]]
|Yes
|1 month
|Extraintestinal migration is very rare<ref name="pmid21879805">{{cite journal| author=Serpytis M, Seinin D| title=Fatal case of ectopic enterobiasis: Enterobius vermicularis in the kidneys. | journal=Scand J Urol Nephrol | year= 2012 | volume= 46 | issue= 1 | pages= 70-2 | pmid=21879805 | doi=10.3109/00365599.2011.609834 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21879805  }} </ref>
|Free in the lumen of [[cecum]], [[appendix]], adjacent [[colon]]
|
* [[Albendazole]]
* [[Mebendazole]]
* [[Pyrantel pamoate]]
* [[Ivermectin]]
* [[Levamisole]]
* [[Piperazine]]
|}


==[[Strongyloidiasis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
==[[Strongyloidiasis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


==[[Strongyloidiasis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Strongyloidiasis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
== [[Strongyloidiasis screening|Screening]] ==


==[[Strongyloidiasis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
==[[Strongyloidiasis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
Line 127: Line 35:
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==


[[Strongyloidiasis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Strongyloidiasis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Strongyloidiasis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Strongyloidiasis imaging findings|Imaging Findings]] | [[Strongyloidiasis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
[[Strongyloidiasis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Strongyloidiasis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Strongyloidiasis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Strongyloidiasis x ray|X-ray]] | [[Strongyloidiasis CT|CT scan]]| [[Strongyloidiasis ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Strongyloidiasis other imaging findings|Other Imaging findings]] | [[Strongyloidiasis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==Treatment==
==Treatment==


[[Strongyloidiasis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Strongyloidiasis prevention|Prevention]] | [[Strongyloidiasis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Strongyloidiasis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
[[Strongyloidiasis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Strongyloidiasis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Strongyloidiasis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Strongyloidiasis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Strongyloidiasis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Strongyloidiasis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==Case Studies==
==Case Studies==
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[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]

Latest revision as of 00:19, 30 July 2020

This page is about clinical aspects of the disease.  For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Strongyloides stercoralis.
Strongyloidiasis
Classification and external resources
Micrograph showing strongyloidiasis; a fragment of a worm is seen in the lower right hand corner. H&E stain. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AStrongyloides_-_very_high_mag_-_2.jpg

For patient information, click here

Strongyloidiasis Microchapters

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Overview

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Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

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Surgery

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Case #1

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Risk calculators and risk factors for Strongyloidiasis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Strongyloides infection, Hyperinfection syndrome, Intestinal strongyloidiasis, Infection by strongylus.

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Strongyloidiasis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X-ray | CT scan| Ultrasound | Other Imaging findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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