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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Impetigo}} | {{Impetigo}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{USAMA}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Impetigo is usually caused by ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]].'' [[Streptococci]] (e.g. ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'') have been associated with the non-bullous form of impetigo and [[ecthyma]].[[Streptococci]] can either infect individually or co-infect with [[Staphylococcus aureus]].<ref name="pmid7899177">{{cite journal| author=Darmstadt GL, Lane AT| title=Impetigo: an overview. | journal=Pediatr Dermatol | year= 1994 | volume= 11 | issue= 4 | pages= 293-303 | pmid=7899177 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7899177 }} </ref><ref name="pmid2244610">{{cite journal| author=Demidovich CW, Wittler RR, Ruff ME, Bass JW, Browning WC| title=Impetigo. Current etiology and comparison of penicillin, erythromycin, and cephalexin therapies. | journal=Am J Dis Child | year= 1990 | volume= 144 | issue= 12 | pages= 1313-5 | pmid=2244610 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2244610 }} </ref><ref name=":0" /> | Impetigo is usually caused by ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]].'' [[Streptococci]] (e.g. ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'') have been associated with the non-bullous form of impetigo and [[ecthyma]].[[Streptococci]] can either infect individually or co-infect with [[Staphylococcus aureus]]. Non-bullous impetigo makes 70% of all the caess of impetigo.<ref name="pmid7899177">{{cite journal| author=Darmstadt GL, Lane AT| title=Impetigo: an overview. | journal=Pediatr Dermatol | year= 1994 | volume= 11 | issue= 4 | pages= 293-303 | pmid=7899177 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7899177 }} </ref><ref name="pmid2244610">{{cite journal| author=Demidovich CW, Wittler RR, Ruff ME, Bass JW, Browning WC| title=Impetigo. Current etiology and comparison of penicillin, erythromycin, and cephalexin therapies. | journal=Am J Dis Child | year= 1990 | volume= 144 | issue= 12 | pages= 1313-5 | pmid=2244610 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2244610 }} </ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name="pmid17390597">{{cite journal| author=Cole C, Gazewood J| title=Diagnosis and treatment of impetigo. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2007 | volume= 75 | issue= 6 | pages= 859-64 | pmid=17390597 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17390597 }} </ref> | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
It was previously believed that non-bullous impetigo is caused by group A streptococci whereas ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' causes the bullous subtype of impetigo. Both bullous and non-bullous subtypes of impetigo are now understood to be primarily caused by ''[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]].'' [[Streptococci]] have been associated with the non-bullous form and [[ecthyma]].<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |author=Stulberg DL, Penrod MA, Blatny RA |title=Common bacterial skin infections |journal=American family physician |volume=66 |issue=1 |pages=119-24 |year=2002 |pmid=12126026 |doi= |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20020701/119.html}}</ref><ref name="pmid22187567">{{cite journal| author=Kikuta H, Shibata M, Nakata S, Yamanaka T, Sakata H, Akizawa K et al.| title=Predominant Dissemination of PVL-Negative CC89 MRSA with SCCmec Type II in Children with Impetigo in Japan. | journal=Int J Pediatr | year= 2011 | volume= 2011 | issue= | pages= 143872 | pmid=22187567 | doi=10.1155/2011/143872 | pmc=3236481 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22187567 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21430094">{{cite journal| author=Shi D, Higuchi W, Takano T, Saito K, Ozaki K, Takano M et al.| title=Bullous impetigo in children infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus alone or in combination with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus: analysis of genetic characteristics, including assessment of exfoliative toxin gene carriage. | journal=J Clin Microbiol | year= 2011 | volume= 49 | issue= 5 | pages= 1972-4 | pmid=21430094 | doi=10.1128/JCM.01742-10 | pmc=3122639 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21430094 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24655406">{{cite journal| author=Jenney A, Holt D, Ritika R, Southwell P, Pravin S, Buadromo E et al.| title=The clinical and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections in Fiji. | journal=BMC Infect Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 14 | issue= | pages= 160 | pmid=24655406 | doi=10.1186/1471-2334-14-160 | pmc=3998116 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24655406 }} </ref> | It was previously believed that non-bullous impetigo is caused by [[group A streptococci]] whereas ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' causes the bullous subtype of impetigo. Both bullous and non-bullous subtypes of impetigo are now understood to be primarily caused by ''[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]].'' [[Streptococci]] have been associated with the non-bullous form and [[ecthyma]].<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |author=Stulberg DL, Penrod MA, Blatny RA |title=Common bacterial skin infections |journal=American family physician |volume=66 |issue=1 |pages=119-24 |year=2002 |pmid=12126026 |doi= |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20020701/119.html}}</ref><ref name="pmid22187567">{{cite journal| author=Kikuta H, Shibata M, Nakata S, Yamanaka T, Sakata H, Akizawa K et al.| title=Predominant Dissemination of PVL-Negative CC89 MRSA with SCCmec Type II in Children with Impetigo in Japan. | journal=Int J Pediatr | year= 2011 | volume= 2011 | issue= | pages= 143872 | pmid=22187567 | doi=10.1155/2011/143872 | pmc=3236481 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22187567 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21430094">{{cite journal| author=Shi D, Higuchi W, Takano T, Saito K, Ozaki K, Takano M et al.| title=Bullous impetigo in children infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus alone or in combination with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus: analysis of genetic characteristics, including assessment of exfoliative toxin gene carriage. | journal=J Clin Microbiol | year= 2011 | volume= 49 | issue= 5 | pages= 1972-4 | pmid=21430094 | doi=10.1128/JCM.01742-10 | pmc=3122639 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21430094 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24655406">{{cite journal| author=Jenney A, Holt D, Ritika R, Southwell P, Pravin S, Buadromo E et al.| title=The clinical and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections in Fiji. | journal=BMC Infect Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 14 | issue= | pages= 160 | pmid=24655406 | doi=10.1186/1471-2334-14-160 | pmc=3998116 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24655406 }} </ref> | ||
===Common causes=== | ===Common causes=== | ||
The common causes of impetigo include:<ref name="pmid27617460">{{cite journal| author=Cohen PR| title=Bullous impetigo and pregnancy: Case report and review of blistering conditions in pregnancy. | journal=Dermatol Online J | year= 2016 | volume= 22 | issue= 4 | pages= | pmid=27617460 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27617460 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27458596">{{cite journal| author=Duggal SD, Bharara T, Jena PP, Kumar A, Sharma A, Gur R et al.| title=Staphylococcal bullous impetigo in a neonate. | journal=World J Clin Cases | year= 2016 | volume= 4 | issue= 7 | pages= 191-4 | pmid=27458596 | doi=10.12998/wjcc.v4.i7.191 | pmc=4945591 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27458596 }} </ref> | The common causes of impetigo include:<ref name="pmid27617460">{{cite journal| author=Cohen PR| title=Bullous impetigo and pregnancy: Case report and review of blistering conditions in pregnancy. | journal=Dermatol Online J | year= 2016 | volume= 22 | issue= 4 | pages= | pmid=27617460 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27617460 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27458596">{{cite journal| author=Duggal SD, Bharara T, Jena PP, Kumar A, Sharma A, Gur R et al.| title=Staphylococcal bullous impetigo in a neonate. | journal=World J Clin Cases | year= 2016 | volume= 4 | issue= 7 | pages= 191-4 | pmid=27458596 | doi=10.12998/wjcc.v4.i7.191 | pmc=4945591 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27458596 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15963289">{{cite journal| author=Moran GJ, Amii RN, Abrahamian FM, Talan DA| title=Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in community-acquired skin infections. | journal=Emerg Infect Dis | year= 2005 | volume= 11 | issue= 6 | pages= 928-30 | pmid=15963289 | doi=10.3201/eid1106.040641 | pmc=3367577 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15963289 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16361729">{{cite journal| author=Kuniyuki S, Nakano K, Maekawa N, Suzuki S| title=Topical antibiotic treatment of impetigo with tetracycline. | journal=J Dermatol | year= 2005 | volume= 32 | issue= 10 | pages= 788-92 | pmid=16361729 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16361729 }} </ref> | ||
*''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' | *''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' | ||
**[[Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus|Methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'']] ([[Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus|MRSA]]) | **[[Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus|Methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'']] ([[Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus|MRSA]]) | ||
**Gentamicin-resistant [[Staphylococcus aureus]] | |||
* ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'' | * ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'' | ||
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{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]] | [[Category:Bacterial diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious skin diseases]] | [[Category:Infectious skin diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Dermatology]] | [[Category:Dermatology]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Emergency mdicine]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Gynecology]] | |||
[[Category:Urology]] | |||
Latest revision as of 22:21, 29 July 2020
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Impetigo Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Impetigo causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Impetigo causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usama Talib, BSc, MD [2]
Overview
Impetigo is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococci (e.g. Streptococcus pyogenes) have been associated with the non-bullous form of impetigo and ecthyma.Streptococci can either infect individually or co-infect with Staphylococcus aureus. Non-bullous impetigo makes 70% of all the caess of impetigo.[1][2][3][4]
Causes
It was previously believed that non-bullous impetigo is caused by group A streptococci whereas Staphylococcus aureus causes the bullous subtype of impetigo. Both bullous and non-bullous subtypes of impetigo are now understood to be primarily caused by S. aureus. Streptococci have been associated with the non-bullous form and ecthyma.[3][5][6][7]
Common causes
The common causes of impetigo include:[8][9][10][11]
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
- Gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Bullous Impetigo
Non-bullous Impetigo
Ecthyma
Drug Induced
References
- ↑ Darmstadt GL, Lane AT (1994). "Impetigo: an overview". Pediatr Dermatol. 11 (4): 293–303. PMID 7899177.
- ↑ Demidovich CW, Wittler RR, Ruff ME, Bass JW, Browning WC (1990). "Impetigo. Current etiology and comparison of penicillin, erythromycin, and cephalexin therapies". Am J Dis Child. 144 (12): 1313–5. PMID 2244610.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Stulberg DL, Penrod MA, Blatny RA (2002). "Common bacterial skin infections". American family physician. 66 (1): 119–24. PMID 12126026.
- ↑ Cole C, Gazewood J (2007). "Diagnosis and treatment of impetigo". Am Fam Physician. 75 (6): 859–64. PMID 17390597.
- ↑ Kikuta H, Shibata M, Nakata S, Yamanaka T, Sakata H, Akizawa K; et al. (2011). "Predominant Dissemination of PVL-Negative CC89 MRSA with SCCmec Type II in Children with Impetigo in Japan". Int J Pediatr. 2011: 143872. doi:10.1155/2011/143872. PMC 3236481. PMID 22187567.
- ↑ Shi D, Higuchi W, Takano T, Saito K, Ozaki K, Takano M; et al. (2011). "Bullous impetigo in children infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus alone or in combination with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus: analysis of genetic characteristics, including assessment of exfoliative toxin gene carriage". J Clin Microbiol. 49 (5): 1972–4. doi:10.1128/JCM.01742-10. PMC 3122639. PMID 21430094.
- ↑ Jenney A, Holt D, Ritika R, Southwell P, Pravin S, Buadromo E; et al. (2014). "The clinical and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections in Fiji". BMC Infect Dis. 14: 160. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-160. PMC 3998116. PMID 24655406.
- ↑ Cohen PR (2016). "Bullous impetigo and pregnancy: Case report and review of blistering conditions in pregnancy". Dermatol Online J. 22 (4). PMID 27617460.
- ↑ Duggal SD, Bharara T, Jena PP, Kumar A, Sharma A, Gur R; et al. (2016). "Staphylococcal bullous impetigo in a neonate". World J Clin Cases. 4 (7): 191–4. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v4.i7.191. PMC 4945591. PMID 27458596.
- ↑ Moran GJ, Amii RN, Abrahamian FM, Talan DA (2005). "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in community-acquired skin infections". Emerg Infect Dis. 11 (6): 928–30. doi:10.3201/eid1106.040641. PMC 3367577. PMID 15963289.
- ↑ Kuniyuki S, Nakano K, Maekawa N, Suzuki S (2005). "Topical antibiotic treatment of impetigo with tetracycline". J Dermatol. 32 (10): 788–92. PMID 16361729.