Traveller vaccination overview: Difference between revisions
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Before departure, travellers should be advised about the risk of disease in the country or countries they plan to visit and the steps to be taken to prevent illness. There is no single vaccination schedule that fits all travellers. Each schedule must be individualized according to the traveller’s previous immunizations, health status and risk factors, the countries to be visited, the type and duration of travel, and the amount of time available before departure. | Before departure, travellers should be advised about the risk of disease in the country or countries they plan to visit and the steps to be taken to prevent illness. There is no single vaccination schedule that fits all travellers. Each schedule must be individualized according to the traveller’s previous immunizations, health status and risk factors, the countries to be visited, the type and duration of travel, and the amount of time available before departure. | ||
==Travel-related vaccination== | ==Travel-related vaccination== | ||
{| | {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center | ||
!Category | !align="center" style="background:#4479BA;"|{{fontcolor|#FFF|Category}} | ||
!Rationale for vaccination | !align="center" style="background:#4479BA;"|{{fontcolor|#FFF|Rationale for vaccination}} | ||
!Vaccine | !align="center" style="background:#4479BA;"|{{fontcolor|#FFF|Vaccine}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Travel-related | |align="left" style="background:#DCDCDC;"|Travel-related | ||
vaccines | vaccines | ||
|These vaccines are recommended to provide protection | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |These vaccines are recommended to provide protection | ||
against diseases endemic to the country of origin or of destination. | against diseases endemic to the country of origin or of destination. | ||
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within and between countries. | within and between countries. | ||
| | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | ||
* Cholera | * [[Cholera]] | ||
* Hepatitis A and/or E | * [[Hepatitis A]] and/or [[Hepatitis E|E]] | ||
* Japanese encephalitis | * [[Japanese encephalitis]] | ||
* Meningococcal | * [[Meningococcal]] | ||
* Polio (adult booster dose) | * [[Polio]] (adult booster dose) | ||
* Typhoid fever | * [[Typhoid fever]] | ||
* Yellow fever | * [[Yellow fever]] | ||
* Rabies | * [[Rabies]] | ||
* Tick-borne encephalitis | * [[Tick-borne encephalitis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Required | |align="left" style="background:#DCDCDC;"|Required | ||
vaccines | vaccines | ||
|Some countries require proof of vaccination for travellers to | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Some countries require proof of vaccination for travellers to | ||
enter the country. | enter the country. | ||
| | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | ||
* Polio vaccine (OPV or IPV) | * Polio vaccine (OPV or IPV) | ||
* Yellow fever vaccine for travellers going to and coming from countries or areas at risk of yellow fever | * Yellow fever vaccine for travellers going to and coming from countries or areas at risk of yellow fever | ||
* Meningococcal vaccine (required by Saudi Arabia for pilgrims | * Meningococcal vaccine (required by Saudi Arabia for pilgrims) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Routine | |align="left" style="background:#DCDCDC;"|Routine | ||
vaccines | vaccines | ||
|These vaccines are not specific to travellers, but the pre-travel | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |These vaccines are not specific to travellers, but the pre-travel | ||
consultation is a good opportunity for health care providers to review the | consultation is a good opportunity for health care providers to review the | ||
immunization status of infants, children, adolescents and adults. | immunization status of infants, children, adolescents and adults. | ||
| | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | ||
* Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis | * Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis | ||
* Hepatitis B | * [[Hepatitis B]] | ||
* Haemophilus influenzae type b | * [[Haemophilus influenzae type b]] | ||
* Human papillomavirus | * [[Human papillomavirus]] | ||
* Influenza (seasonal) | * [[Influenza|Influenza (seasonal)]] | ||
* Measles, mumps and rubella | * [[MMR|Measles, mumps and rubella]] | ||
* Pneumococcal | * [[Pneumococcal]] | ||
* Polio | * [[Polio]] | ||
* Rotavirus | * [[Rotavirus]] | ||
* Tuberculosis | * [[Tuberculosis]] | ||
* Varicella | * [[Varicella]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 16:50, 24 April 2017
|
Traveler Vaccination |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]
Overview
Vaccination is a highly effective method of preventing certain infectious diseases. Vaccines are generally very safe and serious adverse reactions are uncommon. For travellers, vaccination offers the possibility of avoiding some infectious diseases that may be encountered abroad. However, satisfactory vaccines have not yet been developed against several of the most life-threatening conditions, including tuberculosis, malaria and HIV infection.
Planning before travel
Before departure, travellers should be advised about the risk of disease in the country or countries they plan to visit and the steps to be taken to prevent illness. There is no single vaccination schedule that fits all travellers. Each schedule must be individualized according to the traveller’s previous immunizations, health status and risk factors, the countries to be visited, the type and duration of travel, and the amount of time available before departure.
| Category | Rationale for vaccination | Vaccine |
|---|---|---|
| Travel-related
vaccines |
These vaccines are recommended to provide protection
against diseases endemic to the country of origin or of destination. They are intended to protect travellers and to prevent disease spread within and between countries. |
|
| Required
vaccines |
Some countries require proof of vaccination for travellers to
enter the country. |
|
| Routine
vaccines |
These vaccines are not specific to travellers, but the pre-travel
consultation is a good opportunity for health care providers to review the immunization status of infants, children, adolescents and adults. |
|