Histoplasmosis classification: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
 
(3 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
{{Histoplasmosis}}
{{Histoplasmosis}}


{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{PTD}}, {{USAMA}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{PTD}}, {{USAMA}}, {{AKI}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Histoplasmosis]] can be classified with respect to the involved organ system. This can include [[pulmonary]], [[nervous system]], [[cardiovascular system]] and [[mediastinum]]. [[Histoplasmosis]] can also be classified according to the '''severity''' in to mild, moderate and severe, according to '''disease duration''' into [[acute]], [[subacute]], [[chronic]] and recurrent and according to the '''progression of the disease''' into localized or [[Disseminated disease|disseminated]] [[histoplasmosis]].
[[Histoplasmosis]] can be classified with respect to the involved organ system. This can include [[pulmonary]], [[nervous system]], [[cardiovascular system]] and [[mediastinum]]. [[Histoplasmosis]] can also be classified according to the '''severity''' in to mild, moderate and severe, according to '''disease duration''' into [[acute]], [[subacute]], [[chronic]] and recurrent and according to the '''progression of the disease''' into localized or [[Disseminated disease|disseminated]] [[histoplasmosis]].<ref name="pmid27830097">{{cite journal| author=Untanu RV, Akbar S, Graziano S, Vajpayee N| title=Histoplasmosis-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an Adult Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. | journal=Case Rep Infect Dis | year= 2016 | volume= 2016 | issue=  | pages= 1358742 | pmid=27830097 | doi=10.1155/2016/1358742 | pmc=5088313 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27830097  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26897068">{{cite journal| author=Wheat LJ, Azar MM, Bahr NC, Spec A, Relich RF, Hage C| title=Histoplasmosis. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2016 | volume= 30 | issue= 1 | pages= 207-27 | pmid=26897068 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2015.10.009 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26897068  }} </ref>


==Classification==
==Classification==
Line 13: Line 13:
*1. '''Pulmonary histoplasmosis'''
*1. '''Pulmonary histoplasmosis'''
:*This may manifest in the following forms:
:*This may manifest in the following forms:
:**[[Acute]] pulmonary [[histoplasmosis]]'''
:**Acute pulmonary [[histoplasmosis]]
:**[[Chronic]] cavitary pulmonary [[histoplasmosis]]
:**Chronic cavitary pulmonary [[histoplasmosis]]
:**Broncholithiasis
:**Broncholithiasis
:**Pulmonary nodules (Histoplasmomas)
:**Pulmonary nodules (Histoplasmomas)
Line 26: Line 26:
*5. '''Mediastinal histoplasmosis'''
*5. '''Mediastinal histoplasmosis'''
:*This may manifest in the following forms:
:*This may manifest in the following forms:
:**[[Mediastinal]] [[lymphadenitis]]'''
:**[[Mediastinal]] [[lymphadenitis]]
:**[[Mediastinal]] [[granuloma]]'''
:**[[Mediastinal]] [[granuloma]]
:**[[Mediastinal]] fibrosis''
:**[[Mediastinal fibrosis]]


===B. Severity of disease===
===B. Severity of disease===
On the basis of disease severity, histoplasmosis may be as follows:
On the basis of disease severity, histoplasmosis may be as follows:


{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
|+  
|+  
|-
|-
Line 39: Line 39:
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Mild
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Mild
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*Early diagnosis and treatment
*Early diagnosis and treatment
*Responds to medical treatment
*Responds to medical treatment
Line 46: Line 46:
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Moderate
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Moderate
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*May present late with typical or atypical symptoms
*May present late with typical or atypical symptoms
*May present with complications  
*May present with complications  
Line 52: Line 52:
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Severe
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Severe
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*Presents with complications or prolonged illness
*Presents with complications or prolonged illness
*[[Immunocompromised]]
*[[Immunocompromised]]
Line 64: Line 64:
===C. According to the duration of disease===
===C. According to the duration of disease===


{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
|+  
|+  
|-
|-
Line 70: Line 70:
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Acute
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Acute
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
* Lasts few weeks  
* Lasts few weeks  
* Patient acutely ill
* Patient acutely ill
Line 78: Line 78:
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Subacute  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Subacute  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
* Lasts less than 4 weeks  
* Lasts less than 4 weeks  
* Patient acutely ill
* Patient acutely ill
Line 86: Line 86:
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Chronic  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Chronic  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
* Lasts more than 4 weeks
* Lasts more than 4 weeks
* Gradual deterioration of patient
* Gradual deterioration of patient
Line 93: Line 93:
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Recurrent
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Recurrent
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
* Multiple episodes which lasts less than 4 weeks
* Multiple episodes which lasts less than 4 weeks
* History of incompliance to medication
* History of incompliance to medication
* [[immunosuppression]] may be the underlying cause
* [[Immunosuppression]] may be the underlying cause
|-
|-
|}
|}


===D. Progression of disease===
===D. Progression of disease===

Latest revision as of 20:56, 14 June 2017

Histoplasmosis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Histoplasmosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Screening

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

CT

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Case Studies

Case #1

Histoplasmosis classification On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Histoplasmosis classification

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Histoplasmosis classification

CDC on Histoplasmosis classification

Histoplasmosis classification in the news

Blogs on Histoplasmosis classification

Directions to Hospitals Treating Histoplasmosis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Histoplasmosis classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2], Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3], Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[4]

Overview

Histoplasmosis can be classified with respect to the involved organ system. This can include pulmonary, nervous system, cardiovascular system and mediastinum. Histoplasmosis can also be classified according to the severity in to mild, moderate and severe, according to disease duration into acute, subacute, chronic and recurrent and according to the progression of the disease into localized or disseminated histoplasmosis.[1][2]

Classification

A. Organ system classification

  • 1. Pulmonary histoplasmosis
  • This may manifest in the following forms:
  • 2. CNS histoplasmosis
  • 3. Histoplasma pericarditis
  • 4. Rheumatologic histoplasmosis
  • 5. Mediastinal histoplasmosis

B. Severity of disease

On the basis of disease severity, histoplasmosis may be as follows:

According to severity of the disease
Mild
  • Early diagnosis and treatment
  • Responds to medical treatment
  • Typical clinical presentation
  • Good prognosis
Moderate
  • May present late with typical or atypical symptoms
  • May present with complications
  • Variable response to treatment
Severe
  • Presents with complications or prolonged illness
  • Immunocompromised
  • Common in extremes of age
  • Delayed diagnosis and treatment
  • Surgical treatment may be required in addition to medical treatment
  • Increased morbidity and mortality

C. According to the duration of disease

According to the duration of disease
Acute
  • Lasts few weeks
  • Patient acutely ill
  • Mostly in HIV-associated patients
  • Impaired consciousness
  • Seeks medical treatment early due to sudden deterioration
Subacute
  • Lasts less than 4 weeks
  • Patient acutely ill
  • Mostly in HIV-associated patients
  • Impaired consciousness
  • Seeks medical treatment early due to sudden deterioration
Chronic
  • Lasts more than 4 weeks
  • Gradual deterioration of patient
  • Prolonged history of atypical symptoms
  • Common in older patients
Recurrent
  • Multiple episodes which lasts less than 4 weeks
  • History of incompliance to medication
  • Immunosuppression may be the underlying cause

D. Progression of disease


References

  1. ↑ Untanu RV, Akbar S, Graziano S, Vajpayee N (2016). "Histoplasmosis-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an Adult Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature". Case Rep Infect Dis. 2016: 1358742. doi:10.1155/2016/1358742. PMC 5088313. PMID 27830097.
  2. ↑ Wheat LJ, Azar MM, Bahr NC, Spec A, Relich RF, Hage C (2016). "Histoplasmosis". Infect Dis Clin North Am. 30 (1): 207–27. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2015.10.009. PMID 26897068.
Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Histoplasmosis_classification&oldid=1317778"