Rotavirus infection physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Patients infected with rotavirus infection may appear lethargic and pale in severe cases. They also have low blood pressure and fever due to infection. Signs of dehydration are more noticed in the infants as they could have sunken eye and depressed fontanelle. Convulsions also may be noticed in severe cases. | Patients infected with rotavirus infection may appear [[lethargic]] and [[Pale skin|pale]] in severe cases. They also have [[Hypotension|low blood pressure]] and [[fever]] due to [[infection]]. Signs of [[dehydration]] are more noticed in the infants as they could have sunken eye and depressed [[fontanelle]]. [[Convulsions]] also may be noticed in severe cases. | ||
==Physical examination== | ==Physical examination== | ||
===Appearance of the patient=== | ===Appearance of the patient=== | ||
The patient with rotavirus infection may be in a normal appearance. In cases of dehydration, there will be change in the patient appearance depending on the severity of the dehydration as the following:<ref name="pmid24379214">{{cite journal| author=Parashar UD, Nelson EA, Kang G| title=Diagnosis, management, and prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children. | journal=BMJ | year= 2013 | volume= 347 | issue= | pages= f7204 | pmid=24379214 | doi=10.1136/bmj.f7204 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24379214 }} </ref><ref name= "The treatment of the diarrheoa"> WHO http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43209/1/9241593180.pdf Accessed on May 8, 2017 </ref> | The patient with [[rotavirus]] [[infection]] may be in a normal appearance. In cases of [[dehydration]], there will be change in the patient appearance depending on the severity of the [[dehydration]] as the following:<ref name="pmid24379214">{{cite journal| author=Parashar UD, Nelson EA, Kang G| title=Diagnosis, management, and prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children. | journal=BMJ | year= 2013 | volume= 347 | issue= | pages= f7204 | pmid=24379214 | doi=10.1136/bmj.f7204 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24379214 }} </ref><ref name= "The treatment of the diarrheoa"> WHO http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43209/1/9241593180.pdf Accessed on May 8, 2017 </ref> | ||
*In early stages of the rotavirus infection the patients are asymptomatic. | *In early stages of the [[rotavirus]] [[infection]] the patients are asymptomatic. | ||
*In advanced cases, the patient may show irritable behavior. | *In advanced cases, the patient may show irritable behavior. | ||
*In severe cases, the patient appears pale and lethargic. | *In severe cases, the patient appears [[Pale skin|pale]] and [[lethargic]]. | ||
===Vital signs=== | ===Vital signs=== | ||
*Low blood pressure | *[[Hypotension|Low blood pressure]] | ||
*Fever due to the infection and the dehydration | *[[Fever]] due to the [[infection]] and the [[dehydration]] | ||
===Skin=== | ===Skin=== | ||
*Dry skin in case of dehydration. | *[[Xerosis (patient information)|Dry skin]] in case of dehydration. | ||
*Pallor | *[[Pallor]] | ||
===HEENT=== | ===HEENT=== | ||
*In infants depressed anterior fontanelle may be felt in case of dehydration | *In infants depressed anterior [[fontanelle]] may be felt in case of [[dehydration]] | ||
*Sunken eyes | *Sunken eyes | ||
| Line 31: | Line 31: | ||
===Abdomen=== | ===Abdomen=== | ||
*Abdominal tenderness | *[[Abdominal tenderness]] | ||
*Cramps | *[[Cramps]] | ||
===Genitourinary=== | ===Genitourinary=== | ||
*Decreased urinary output | *[[Oliguria|Decreased urinary output]] | ||
===Neuromuscular=== | ===Neuromuscular=== | ||
Rotavirus can cause several neurological signs in the severe cases including:<ref name="pmid19258926">{{cite journal| author=Dickey M, Jamison L, Michaud L, Care M, Bernstein DI, Staat MA| title=Rotavirus meningoencephalitis in a previously healthy child and a review of the literature. | journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J | year= 2009 | volume= 28 | issue= 4 | pages= 318-21 | pmid=19258926 | doi=10.1097/INF.0b013e31818ddbe9 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19258926 }} </ref> | Rotavirus can cause several neurological signs in the severe cases including:<ref name="pmid19258926">{{cite journal| author=Dickey M, Jamison L, Michaud L, Care M, Bernstein DI, Staat MA| title=Rotavirus meningoencephalitis in a previously healthy child and a review of the literature. | journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J | year= 2009 | volume= 28 | issue= 4 | pages= 318-21 | pmid=19258926 | doi=10.1097/INF.0b013e31818ddbe9 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19258926 }} </ref> | ||
*Convulsions | *[[Convulsions]] | ||
*Encephalopathy | *[[Encephalopathy]] | ||
*Encephalitis | *[[Encephalitis]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | [[Category:Infectious disease]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | |||
Latest revision as of 00:03, 30 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Patients infected with rotavirus infection may appear lethargic and pale in severe cases. They also have low blood pressure and fever due to infection. Signs of dehydration are more noticed in the infants as they could have sunken eye and depressed fontanelle. Convulsions also may be noticed in severe cases.
Physical examination
Appearance of the patient
The patient with rotavirus infection may be in a normal appearance. In cases of dehydration, there will be change in the patient appearance depending on the severity of the dehydration as the following:[1][2]
- In early stages of the rotavirus infection the patients are asymptomatic.
- In advanced cases, the patient may show irritable behavior.
- In severe cases, the patient appears pale and lethargic.
Vital signs
- Low blood pressure
- Fever due to the infection and the dehydration
Skin
HEENT
- In infants depressed anterior fontanelle may be felt in case of dehydration
- Sunken eyes
Heart
- Normal heart sounds
- No murmurs, gallops or rubs
Abdomen
Genitourinary
Neuromuscular
Rotavirus can cause several neurological signs in the severe cases including:[3]
References
- ↑ Parashar UD, Nelson EA, Kang G (2013). "Diagnosis, management, and prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children". BMJ. 347: f7204. doi:10.1136/bmj.f7204. PMID 24379214.
- ↑ WHO http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43209/1/9241593180.pdf Accessed on May 8, 2017
- ↑ Dickey M, Jamison L, Michaud L, Care M, Bernstein DI, Staat MA (2009). "Rotavirus meningoencephalitis in a previously healthy child and a review of the literature". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 28 (4): 318–21. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e31818ddbe9. PMID 19258926.